高考英语专题复习完成句子2非谓语动词学生版

高考英语复习专题完成句子2非谓语动词教师版

一、考点聚焦

1、非谓语动词的句法功能

语 法 功 能 名称 主语 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 宾语 语 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 宾语补足表语 定语 状语 【技巧点拨】考查非谓语动词时,关键是要分析该动词与所修饰词之间的关系,如果是主谓关系,则通常用动词-ing形式,如果是动宾关系,则通常用动词-ed形式,如表示将来则用动词不定式。做非谓语动词类试题的方法:首先确定其逻辑主语,再确定与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动,再确定与主要动词的时间关系。最后确定具体的形式。一般来说:to do表主动表将来;doing表主动表同时;done表被动表完成。 2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题

（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

His job is to guard.(说明内容) be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事) （2）带不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。 （3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

【技巧点拨】 除了let之外,其他使役动词(如have, make, get)及感官动词(如see, notice, watch, hear)都可以加省略to的不定式作宾补,如:My parents always make me do my homework before I go out./I usually see him play basketball on the playgrond.

②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：

主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb. to do sth. 1

③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/ consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done ④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth. （4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her.

③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in.

【技巧点拨】 非谓语动词作定语时,不定式作定语通常指将来的动作;现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作而过去分词作定语则表示已经完成的动作。选择非谓语动词作后置定语时,要先判断被修饰词与动词之间的关系;如果是逻辑上的主谓关系,则用现在分词作定语;如果是逻辑上的动宾关系,则用过去分词作定语。 【精典名题】

The picture ____________________________________ is painted by my nephew.(hang) 墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的。

解析：本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。 （5）不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。 only to do表示出人意料的结果。

We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .

in order(not)to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough, too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.

I’m not such a fool as to believe that. （6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years.

seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。 此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等） I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久） 2

②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 （7）不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I want to finish my homework and go home. I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be, this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)

②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game.

③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。

Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.

④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。 ⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：

He could not but walk home. （8）不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：

Susan is not what she used to be.

—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. —I know I ought to have.

常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to. 3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 （1）动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。 【精典名题】

One learns a language by _________________________________ and correcting them.(make) 3

一个人学会一种语言是通过犯错误并改正它们。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand 例 句 1. It began to rain. It began raining. 2. It was beginning to snow. 3. I love lying (to lie)on my back. 解 析 1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。 2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t 如果表示某一特定的或具体的行like to. 动，多接不定式。 5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now. remember, forget, regret, try 例 句 解 析 1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 1. I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is. 3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sister’s death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready. 5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday. remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事 2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事 3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔 4. try to do sth.设法……，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试 5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need 例 句 These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined. 解 析 1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做 2. want doing want to be done 3. require doing 4

require to be done 4、分词复习应注意的几个问题

（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 ①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）

Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her. ②原因状语

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note ③伴随状语

The girls came in, following their parents. ④结果状语

The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.

注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

【技巧点拨】当非谓语动词作状语时,首先要判断非谓语动词表示的动作与主语的关系,即是主谓关系还是动宾关系,然后再判断非谓语动词表示的动作与句子谓语表示的动作的先后关系,从而确定正确答案。现在分词和to do不定式都可以作结果状语,但现在分词作结果状语时,表示一种必然的、意料之中的结果,而to do不定式作结果状语时,表示一种意料之外的结果。-ing/to do作结果状语的区别可以这样记忆:意料之外不定式,意料之中-ing。如: He rushed to the station only to find the bus had gone. (意料之外) He made a terrible mistake in the experiment, causing a failure. (意料之中) 【精典名题】

The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___________________ the film stars had left. (tell) 新闻记者赶到机场,却被告知电影明星已经离开了。 （2）分词作表语。

S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。【技巧点拨】 有些过去分词实际上已转化为形容词,用来表示状态。如:stuck adj.卡住的,动不了的,困住的;determined adj.有决心的,坚决的;worried adj.担心的,忧虑的。还有devoted,accustomed,occupied等。所以看到v.-ed形式的词要产生两种想法:①过去分词表示被动;②形容词化过去分词表示状态。 （3）分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：

感官动词 动词原形→做了某事 S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事 5

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