SAE AMS 2772E-2008取代MIL-H-6088 铝合金原材料的热处理

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MATERIAL

SPECIFICATION Issued 1997-01

Revised 2008-02

Superseding AMS2772D

Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Materials

RATIONALE

AMS2772E is the result of an approved Limited Scope Ballot, by AMS Committee D, to correct four typographical errors in AMS2772D.

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose

This specification covers requirements and recommendations for the heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloy raw materials (See 8.2.1) by producers. It supersedes AMS-H-6088 and replaces MIL-H-6088.

1.1.1 Tempers

Aluminum alloy tempers are described in SAE AS1990 and ANSI H35.1.

1.1.2 Other Alloys

This specification may be used for alloys other than those specified herein providing temperatures, times, and quenchant are specified.

1.1.3

1.1.3.1 Other Heat Treatment Parts (See 8.2.2)

Made from wrought raw material shall be heat treated in accordance with AMS2770.

1.1.3.2 Castings and Parts Made from Castings

Are not covered by this specification; heat treatment of aluminum castings and parts made from such castings is covered by AMS2771.

1.1.3.3 Temper Conversion

Warehouses, distributors etc. shall conform to 3.8.

1.1.3.4 Procedure for Response-to-Heat-Treatment Tests

Shall conform to 3.9.

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”

SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2008 SAE International

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.

TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:

Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)

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2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.

2.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), http://www.77cn.com.cn.

AMS2750 Pyrometry

AMS2770 Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloy Parts

AMS2771 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Castings

AMS-H-6088 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys

ARP1962 Training and Approval of Heat Treating Personnel

AS1990 Aluminum Alloy Tempers

2.2 ASTM Publications

Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, http://www.77cn.com.cn.

ASTM STP 15D

ASTM B 557

ASTM B 557M

ASTM B 666/B 666M

ASTM G 110

2.3 Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric) Identification Marking of Aluminum and Magnesium Products Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution U.S. Government Publications

Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.

MIL-H-6088

MIL-STD-1537 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys Electrical Conductivity Test for Verification of Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys, Eddy Current

Method

2.4 ANSI Publications

Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, http://www.77cn.com.cn.

ANSI H35.1 American National Standard Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum

2.5 Battelle Publications

Available from Battelle, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 or http://www.77cn.com.cn.

MMPDS Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS)

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3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Equipment Qualification Before production heat treatment, each solution heat treating furnace/quench facility and each aging furnace shall be qualified by tensile and metallurgical testing (See 4.4) of heat treated samples representative of the most quench-sensitive (See 4.3.2.5.1) product to be heat treated. In addition, qualification of quench facilities shall include conformance to 4.3.

3.1.1 Sample Thickness

Tensile tests shall be representative of the thinnest and the thickest material to be heat treated; intermediate thickness samples shall be included when necessary to ensure proper production heat treatment. Thickness for metallurgical tests shall conform to 4.4.

3.1.2 Sample Locations

Samples shall be randomly positioned in simulated production loads except at least one of the tensile test samples shall be positioned at a location which exhibited a conductivity within 0.3% of the highest conductivity in a quench uniformity test.

3.1.3 Equipment Re-Qualification

Whenever any qualified equipment is changed or reworked, it shall be re-qualified unless it is known that the change or rework will not have a detrimental effect upon the properties of products. Re-qualification of quench facilities shall include conformance to 4.3.

3.2 Pyrometry

Shall conform to AMS2750 except (1) it is not applicable to furnaces used only for stress relieving or full annealing below 825 °F (441 °C), (2) recordings from instruments may be stored on magnetic or optical media providing a hard copy is producible on request, and (3) in continuous and semi- continuous furnaces, the requirements applicable to controls, instruments, and sensors in the working (soaking) zone shall also be applicable to the heating (heat-up) zone.

3.2.1 The temperature uniformity test requirements of AMS2750 shall be modified as follows:

3.2.1.1 Load Condition

Initial tests shall be performed with a typical load. Subsequent tests may be performed with any load or no load. Furnaces which have only been tested with a heavy load (in anticipation of only heat treating heavy loads) (See 8.2.9) shall not be used to heat treat light loads unless load sensors and recording instruments are employed to (1) preclude any portion of the load exceeding the maximum specified temperature on heat-up and (2) ensure soaking within the specified range for the required time.

3.2.1.2 Load Sensors

When all production loads are heavy (See 8.2.9) and a temperature uniformity test load is heavy, load sensors may be used in lieu of uniformity test sensors.

3.2.1.3 Loaded Furnaces

During the heat-up portion of uniformity tests performed on a loaded batch furnace and during the period that a load is in the heating (heat-up) zone(s) of continuous and semi-continuous furnaces, the temperature of the heating medium may exceed the maximum of the range being tested providing that the metal temperature does not exceed that maximum.

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3.2.1.4 Uniformity Requirements During the test period, the temperature of all working and test sensors in the working (soaking) zone shall be within the following allowable ranges (these ranges supersede the ± temperature tolerances specified in AMS2750):

3.2.1.4.1 50 °F (28 °C) range for furnaces used only for full annealing at 825 °F (441 °C) and higher. Annealing

temperatures shall be controlled so as to preclude any material exceeding the lowest solution heat treating

temperature for the alloy being annealed.

For furnaces used only for full annealing below 825 °F (441 °C) and for stress relieving, there are no

temperature uniformity requirements.

30 °F (17 °C) range for furnaces used only for solution heat treatment of those 6xxx alloys for which Table 1

specifies a range of 30 °F (17 °C) degrees or more.

20°F (11°C) range for furnaces used for solution heat treatment of 6xxx alloys for which Table 1 specifies a

range of less than 30°F (17°C).

20 °F (11 °C) range for furnaces used for solution heat treatment of other alloys except 10 °F (6 °C) range for

furnaces used for solution heat treatment of 8090 sheet.

20 °F (11 °C) range for furnaces used for aging treatments.

20 °F (11 °C) range for furnaces used for processing to the -O1 temper. 3.2.1.4.1.1 3.2.1.4.2 3.2.1.4.3 3.2.1.4.4 3.2.1.4.5 3.2.1.4.6

3.3 Heating Media for Solution Heat Treatment

Shall be air, protective atmosphere, combusted gases, molten salt bath, or fluidized bed. However, no protective atmosphere, combusted gas or fluidized bed environment shall be used unless it has been shown by test (in accordance with 4.4.1.1), on the alloy/form to be heat treated, to yield product which is free from heat treat induced porosity. Composition of salt baths and fluidized beds shall be maintained to prevent attack of the product.

3.4 Preparation for Heat Treatment

3.4.1 Cleanliness

Prior to heat treating, product shall be free from surface contaminants which could have a detrimental effect on the material.

3.4.2 Racking and Spacing

During solution heat treatment, product shall be supported or hung and spaced to permit flow of the heating and cooling media over all surfaces to ensure that all product will meet the specified requirements. During aging, product shall be supported or hung and spaced so that it will be heated and soaked as required to meet the specified requirements.

3.4.2.1 Load arrangement shall be validated by heat treatment of a similarly arranged load (See 8.2.10) containing one

or more appropriately placed load sensors which show that all product will be soaked within the specified

temperature range for a time which has been previously shown, by tensile tests, to produce the specified

properties (not required for load arrangements which have been previously validated in accordance with MIL-H-

6088, AMS-H-6088 or a previous issue of AMS2772). Written instructions, drawings, photographs, or other

illustrations shall be used to ensure proper load arrangements.

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3.4.2.2 Thin Forgings Random racking (not nested) or layering of forgings, 1-inch (25-mm) and under in thickness is permissible for (1) solution heat treating (providing quenching is by immersion), (2) aging, and (3) annealing, providing product so racked has been demonstrated by test to meet the specified requirements. Layer thickness shall not exceed three inches (76 mm) and distance between layers shall be at least three inches (76 mm) (not required for load arrangements which have been previously validated in accordance with MIL-H-6088, AMS-H-6088, or a previous issue of AMS2772).

3.5 Temperatures

3.5.1 Furnace temperatures shall be controlled so as to ensure that the metal temperature does not exceed the

maximum of the range.

3.5.1.1 When a load is charged into a batch furnace whose indicated temperature is higher than the maximum of the

specified range, a recording load sensor, in contact with the thinnest material on the outside of the load, shall

be used to verify that the metal temperature did not exceed the maximum of the range.

3.6 Solution Heat Treatment

3.6.1 Product shall be soaked, in accordance with 3.6.2, within the temperature range specified in Table 1 and

quenched as specified in 3.6.3. Quenching directly from a furnace or salt bath is required. Extrusion press

quenching (see 8.2.6) and rolling mill quenching (see 8.2.7) are not permitted by AMS2772.

3.6.2 Soaking

3.6.2.1 Start

Soaking time shall start when the readings of all load sensors indicate that the temperature of the load has reached the minimum of the required temperature range. Alternatively, determination that the temperature of the load has reached the minimum of the required temperature range (start of soaking time) may be based on readings of furnace instruments providing the lag between their readings and load temperature has been determined in a similarly arranged load.

3.6.2.2 Duration

The load shall be maintained within the required temperature range for a time which has been previously shown, by tensile tests, to produce the specified properties (not required for soaking times which have been previously validated in accordance with MIL-H-6088, AMS-H-6088 or a previous issue of AMS2772). Recommended soaking times are listed in Table 2.

3.6.2.3

3.6.2.3.1

3.6.2.3.2

3.6.2.3.3

3.6.2.3.4 During soaking in a semi-continuous air furnace, a drop in temperature indicated by furnace instrument(s) is permissible providing that: The temperature indicated by any instrument does not drop more than 20 °F (11 °C) below the minimum of the specified range. Time below the minimum of the specified range does not exceed five minutes. Soaking is continued for not less than 10 minutes after recovery to the minimum of the solution heat treatment temperature range before quenching. If furnace temperature does not drop more than 20 °F (11 °C) below the minimum of the specified range, but

does not recover to the minimum of the specified temperature range within five minutes, the total soaking time

within the specified range shall be increased; if less than one hour was required, it shall be increased by one-

half hour; if one hour or more was required, it shall be increased by one hour.

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3.6.3 Quenching (See 4.3, 8.2.6, and 8.2.7) 2xxx and 7xxx alloy forgings shall be quenched by immersion. Quenching of other forms of 2xxx and 7xxx alloys and all forms of other alloys shall be by immersion, spray or, in a suitable chamber, by air blast.

3.6.3.1 Quenchant

For immersion and spray quenching shall be water or an aqueous solution of a residual stress/distortion reducing additive such as polymer.

3.6.3.2 Quench Conditions

Quenchant volume, velocity, distribution and agitation (of quenchant and/or product) shall be sufficient to ensure that all products will meet specified requirements after aging. Quenchant temperature shall conform to 3.6.3.5. The additive, concentration and specific temperature used for each load shall be supported by analysis of data verifying that the specified properties are achieved after aging (not required for additives/concentrations/temperatures previously valid in accordance with AMS-H-6088, MIL-H-6088, AMS2770 or a previous issue of AMS2772).

3.6.3.3 Quench Delay

For immersion quenching shall conform to Table 3. For air blast and spray quenching, maximum allowable quench delays shall be established based on tests of tensile properties and, for 2xxx and 7xxx sheet, wire and extrusion under 0.250 inches (6.35 mm) thick, tests for susceptibility to inter-granular corrosion (See 4.4.1.2).

3.6.3.4 Rinsing

Product heat treated in salt bath furnaces and product quenched in an aqueous solution of polymer shall be rinsed as necessary to ensure that it will be free from corrosion and detrimental foreign materials

3.6.3.5 Quenchant Temperature

3.6.3.5.1

3.6.3.5.1.1 Forgings and Impact Extrusions Quenchant - Water, with or without a Non-Polymer Additive

Recommended quenchant temperature ranges are 140 to 180 °F (60 to 82 °C) for 2014 and 2024 alloys and 140 to 160 °F (60 to 71 °C) for other alloys except, when final temper of T41 or T61 temper is specified, immersion quenching in boiling water is required.

3.6.3.5.1.2 Quenchant - Water with a Polymer Additive

Quenchant temperature shall not exceed 130 °F (54 °C) at the completion of the quench.

3.6.3.5.2 Immersion Quenching of Other Forms of 2xxx and 7xxx Alloys

If the quenchant is water or an aqueous solution of a non-polymer additive, quenchant temperature shall not exceed 100 °F (38 °C) at the start of quench and 110 °F (43 °C) at the completion of the quench (See 3.6.3.7). If the quenchant is an aqueous solution of polymer, quenchant temperature shall not exceed 130 °F (54 °C) at the completion of the quench.

3.6.3.5.3 Spray Quenching of Other Forms of 2xxx and 7xxx Alloys

The quenchant temperature is not restricted but the quenchant temperature used shall be supported by analysis of data in accordance with 3.6.3.2.

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3.6.3.6 Salt Contamination in Aqueous Solutions of Additives When an aqueous solution of additive is used for quenching product heat treated in a salt bath furnace, salt contamination in the quenchant shall not exceed 6% by weight.

3.6.3.7 Immersion Quench Completion

Product under 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) in thickness shall remain in the quenchant at least until boiling emanating from the product (not the rack) ceases. Product 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) and over in thickness shall remain in the quenchant for not less than two minutes per inch (25 mm) of thickness, or fraction thereof, or for not less than two minutes after boiling ceases.

3.6.3.8 Other Quench Completion

Product quenched by spray or air blast shall remain in contact with the quenchant until the temperature of the product is below the boiling point of water.

3.6.4 Restrictions on Alclad Products

3.6.4.1 Heat-Up Time

The time required for sheet material to reach the minimum of the specified temperature range shall not exceed 30 minutes for thicknesses up to 0.049 inch (1.24 mm), 60 minutes for thicknesses from 0.050 to 0.101 inch (1.27 to

2.57 mm) and 120 minutes for thicker sheet or for plate.

3.6.4.2 Soaking Time

To ensure all lots will develop specified properties after aging, soaking time shall be established in accordance with 3.6.2. However, the total soaking time used for any lot (single or multiple solution heat treatments) should be limited to the minimum necessary to ensure that the product will meet the specified requirements.

3.6.4.3 Re-Solution Heat Treatment of Alclad 2xxx and 7xxx Sheet and Plate

Product thinner than 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) shall not be re-solution heat treated. Sheet thicknesses from 0.020 to 0.125 inch (0.51 to 3.18 mm) inclusive shall not be re-solution heat treated more than once. Product thicker than 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) shall not be re-solution heat treated more than twice.

3.6.4.4 The restrictions of 3.6.4.1 and 3.6.4.3 are not applicable to any lot of product which is tested to ensure

conformance to the alclad thickness requirement of the material specification.

3.7 Aging

3.7.1 Recommended aging temperatures and times are shown in Table 4. Alternate temperatures and times may be

used provided the aged material meets the specified requirements.

3.8 Temper Conversion

3.8.1

3.8.1.1 When a warehouse, distributor or similar organization, or its vendor, converts raw material to a different temper in accordance with this specification or AMS-H-6088 or MIL-H-6088, the following provisions shall apply: The heat treatment of the raw material and any heat treatment of samples for heat-treatment- response tests

shall conform to the technical requirements and quality assurance provisions of AMS2770. For products not

included in the Tables in AMS2770, the temperatures and times of Tables 5 or 6 shall be used.

3.8.1.2 The converted product shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of the applicable material

specification.

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3.8.1.3 Any original mill marks shall be removed and the product shall be re-identified in accordance with ASTM B

666/B 666M; the new identification shall ensure traceability to the warehouse/ distributor’s records showing the

original producer, the lot number and the converting organization.

The report to the purchaser shall include certification of conversion to the new temper, the conversion heat

treatment procedure, the test results for the converted product and the original mill certification. 3.8.1.4

3.9 Procedure for Response-to-Heat-Treatment Tests

When a material specification or other procurement document requires heat treatment of samples to demonstrate response to user heat treatment (e.g., heat treatment of -O or -F temper material to -T42 or -T62 temper), the procedure used by producers, forge shops or warehouses/distributors and their vendors shall include conformance to the mandatory set temperatures and times in Tables 5 and 6 (See 4.5.1).

3.10 Recommended Annealing Times, Temperatures and Cooling Rates

3.10.1 1xxx, 3xxx, and 5xxx Series Alloys Except 3003

Heat to 650 °F (343 °C); cooling rate optional.

3.10.2 3003 Alloy

Heat to 775 °F (413 °C); cooling rate optional.

3.10.3 2xxx and 6xxx Series Alloys Except 6013

Soak for two to three hours at 760 °F (404 °C); cool at rate of 50°F (28°C) per hour or slower to 500 °F (260 °C); further cooling rate optional.

3.10.4 6013 Alloy

Soak for two to three hours at 775 °F (413 °C); cool at rate of 50 °F (28 °C) per hour or slower to 500 °F (260 °C); further cooling rate optional.

3.10.5 7xxx Series Alloys

Soak for two to three hours at 760 °F (404 °C); cool to 400 °F (204 °C) or lower, reheat to 450 °F (232 °C), and soak for four hours; cooling rate optional.

3.11 Processing to -O1 Temper

Shall consist of heating product to the temperature range shown in Table 1 followed by an air cool.

3.12 Personnel Training

A company performing heat treating shall have a verifiable program (either company-created or conforming to ARP1962) of initial and periodic training and evaluation of its personnel. The training program shall consist of one or more of the following: on-the-job training, classroom instruction, academic instruction. The evaluation shall be based on education, experience and training results.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1

4.1.1 Responsibility for Inspection The supplier (producer or other agency defined in 3.8.1) or its designee is responsible for the performance of all

inspections and specified tests.

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4.2 Records

4.2.1 Retention Records of all inspections and tests shall be kept available for review for five years after the inspection or test. Records of all applicable production parameters, e.g., racking, time, temperature, quenchant temperature and pressure, and quench delay shall be kept available for review for five years after heat treatment.

4.3 Equipment Used for Air Blast, Spray and Immersion Quenching of 2xxx and 7xxx Series Alloys

4.3.1 Effectiveness of Quench (See 4.3.3)

Shall be demonstrated by tensile tests upon initial installation (not required for equipment previously qualified in accordance with AMS-H-6088, MIL-H-6088 or a previous issue of AMS2772). The effectiveness of quench shall also be demonstrated by tensile tests after any modification which could reduce the quenching effectiveness. Some examples of modifications for which the need for testing should be evaluated are nozzle size change or arrangement, reduction of spacing between pieces, manifold size change, pump size change, and change of quenchant type or manufacturer. Tensile properties shall meet the requirements of the material specification or the drawing.

4.3.1.1 Load Selection and Configuration

A load of sheet(s), plate(s), forgings, extrusions, rods, or bars (See 4.3.3), sufficiently large to evaluate the entire quench facility and conforming to the following, shall be selected and quenched in the equipment:

4.3.1.1.1 Alloy Selection

Shall be in accordance with the following order of preference: (1) 7x75, (2) 7xxx, (3) 2xxx.

4.3.1.1.2 Thickness

Shall be representative of the maximum thickness of product (of the alloy selected) to be heat treated.

4.3.1.2 Procedure

Tensile specimens shall be full thickness or located and oriented as required by the material specification or the forging/extrusion drawing. They shall be excised from the product or sample (See 4.3.3) before or after aging to the final temper and shall be tested in accordance with ASTM B 557 or ASTM B 557M. The number of specimens and locations shall be as follows:

4.3.1.2.1 Immersion Quenched Loads

Specimens shall be taken from one piece, or 10% of the pieces, whichever is greater, from random locations in the load.

4.3.1.2.1.1 Sheet(s) or Plate(s)

Specimens shall be taken at both ends and the mid-length, from four locations across the width of the load. The centers of the outer specimens shall be between 6 inches (152 mm) and 9 inches (229 mm) from the edge of the load and the spaces between the specimens shall be approximately equal.

4.3.1.2.1.2 Extrusions, Rods or Bars

Specimens shall be taken at both ends of the pieces selected.

4.3.1.2.1.3 Forgings

Specimens shall be taken from each of the pieces selected.

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4.3.1.2.1.4 Additional Specimen At least one of the above specimens shall represent a location which exhibited a conductivity within 0.3% of the highest conductivity in the most recent quench uniformity test or an additional specimen shall be taken to represent such a location.

4.3.1.2.2 Air Blast and Spray Quenched Loads

4.3.1.2.2.1 Continuously Quenched Sheet or Plate (See 8.5)

Specimens shall be taken at both ends from four locations across the width of the load. The centers of the outer specimens shall be between 6 inches (152 mm) and 9 inches (229 mm) from the edge of the load and the spaces between the specimens shall be approximately equal.

4.3.1.2.2.2 Non-Continuously Quenched Sheet or Plate (See 8.5)

Specimens shall be taken at both ends and the mid-length, from four locations across the width of the load. The centers of the outer specimens shall be between 6 inches (152 mm) and 9 inches (229 mm) from the edge of the load and the spaces between the specimens shall be approximately equal.

4.3.1.2.2.3 Extrusions, Rod or Bar

Specimens shall be taken from product located at both ends of the load, at 6 to 12-inch (152 to 305-mm) intervals across the width of the load.

4.3.2 Uniformity of quench of product shall be demonstrated by conductivity tests upon initial installation (not required

for equipment previously qualified in accordance with MIL-H-6088, AMS-H-6088 or a previous issue of

AMS2772). The uniformity of quench shall also be demonstrated by conductivity tests after any modification,

which could reduce the quenching uniformity. Some examples of modifications for which the need for testing

should be evaluated are nozzle size change or arrangement, reduction of spacing between pieces, manifold size

change, pump size change, and quenchant change.

4.3.2.1 In addition, the uniformity of quench shall be tested (1) weekly for spray and air blast quenching and

(2) monthly for immersion quenching.

4.3.2.2

4.3.2.3 Uniformity of quench tests are not required for equipment used exclusively for quenching of (1) sheet, (2) wire, rod and round tube under 0.750 inch (19 mm) diameter or (3) all forms of 6xxx alloys. Pressure or Flow

Shall be inspected and recorded daily during production to ensure proper operation.

4.3.2.4 Alternate Inspection

In lieu of the periodic uniformity of quench test (4.3.2.1) and the daily pressure or flow inspection (4.3.2.3), it is permissible to substitute the following:

4.3.2.4.1 Daily Inspection

During production, quenchant flow rate, plus flow direction if variable, shall be inspected daily to ensure that they remain consistent with those conditions at the time of a previous uniformity of quench test. A daily record of the observed values shall be maintained. Flow rate for air blast quenching shall be measured by fan rpm or equivalent; flow rate for spray quenching shall be accomplished by direct or remote visual inspection of nozzle spray or by measurement of nozzle output pressure or equivalent; flow rate for immersion quenching shall be measured by flow meters, pump or propeller rpm or equivalent. Flow direction shall be inspected visually.

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SAE

4.3.2.5 Load Selection and Configuration A load of sheet(s), plate(s), forgings, extrusions, rods, or bars (See 4.3.3), sufficiently large to evaluate the entire quench facility and conforming to the following, shall be selected and quenched in the equipment:

4.3.2.5.1 Alloy Selection

Order of preference shall be in accordance with the order of quench sensitivity as follows: (1) 7x75 or 2x24, (2) other 7xxx, (3) other 2xxx, (4) other.

4.3.2.5.2 Thickness

Shall be the maximum (of the alloy selected) available within 24 hours of the time of selection for test, except that testing during each calendar quarter shall include the thickest material of the most quench-sensitive alloy (See 4.3.2.5.1) of each form solution heat treated during that quarter.

4.3.2.6 Procedure

The electrical conductivity of the product or sample (See 4.3.3) in the -W, -T3, or -T4 temper shall be tested (before or after stretching, compressing, forming or straightening) using equipment calibrated in accordance with MIL-STD-1537. Tests of 7075 product shall not be started until a minimum of 10 hours of room temperature aging have elapsed.

4.3.2.6.1

4.3.2.6.1.1 Sampling (See 4.3.3) Immersion Quenched Loads

The sample shall consist of one piece, or 10% of the pieces, selected at random, whichever is greater.

4.3.2.6.1.2 Air Blast and Spray Quenched Loads

The sample shall consist of all pieces in the load. For extrusion, rod, and bar; the sample pieces shall be arranged in a single plane.

4.3.2.6.2 Test Location Spacing

4.3.2.6.2.1 Plate

Maximum distance between test locations shall be four inches (102-mm) on a line across the width; maximum distance between the lines shall be 24 inches (610-mm) along the length.

4.3.2.6.2.2 Extrusion, Rod and Bar

Maximum distance between test locations shall be 12 inches (305 mm) on a line across the width and two inches (51 mm) around the product section perimeter; maximum distance between the lines shall be 24 inches (610 mm) if air blast or spray quenched and 48 inches (1219 mm) if immersion quenched.

4.3.2.6.2.3 Forgings

When possible, distance between test locations on surfaces of forgings shall be 2 inches (51 mm) or less; when 2-inch (51-mm) spacing is precluded by the forging configuration, spacing shall be the minimum possible.

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4.3.2.6.3 Minimum Length/Quantity of Product to be Tested

4.3.2.6.3.1 Immersion and Continuously Quenched (See 8.5) Loads

For initial and equipment modification tests (See 4.3.2), the entire load shall be tested. For periodic tests, if the load is longer than 24 feet (7.4 m), a minimum of 12 feet (3.7 m) shall be tested at each end; if the load is 24 feet (7.4 m) long or less, the entire load shall be tested.

4.3.2.6.3.2 Non-Continuously Quenched (See 8.5) Loads

The entire load shall be tested.

4.3.2.7 Acceptance Criteria

4.3.2.7.1 Plate

The range of the conductivity on one side (face) of any plate shall not exceed 2.5% International Annealed Copper Standard (1.45 MS/m IACS).

4.3.2.7.2 Forging, Extrusion, Rod and Bar

The range of conductivity of any forging, extrusion, rod, or bar shall not exceed 4% IACS (2.32 MS/m IACS) overall, but shall not exceed 3% IACS (1.74 MS/m IACS) on any one element (flange, web, etc).

4.3.2.7.3 In addition to the requirements of 4.3.2.7.1 or 4.3.2.7.2, the conductivity of any 4-inch (102- mm) thick or

thinner 7075 alloy non-alclad product shall not exceed the following: 31% IACS (17.98 MS/m IACS) for plate;

32% IACS (18.56 MS/m IACS) for forgings, extrusion, rod, or bar.

4.3.3 Sample Material

It is permissible to perform quench effectiveness tensile tests and quench uniformity conductivity tests on sample material, of the same alloy/form/thickness, inserted in the load at the appropriate locations. When samples are used for quench effectiveness tests, their length and width shall be at least 3 times their thickness.

4.4 Metallurgical Testing

4.4.1 The tests in 4.4.1.1 and 4.4.1.2 shall be performed on production material from each solution heat treating

furnace initially and periodically thereafter. The frequency of testing shall be (1) monthly until a total of

6 successful tests have been performed; then the frequency may be reduced to quarterly. However, if a failure

occurs, the frequency shall revert to monthly and shall not be reduced again until a total of 6 successive

successful tests have been performed. The above initial and periodic test requirements shall be applied after any

modification of the equipment which could affect the metallurgical properties of the product.

4.4.1.1 Heat Treat Induced Porosity and Eutectic Melting

A sample of 2xxx or 7xxx sheet (non-alclad shall be used for heat treat induced porosity testing) heat treated during the previous calendar month (See 8.2.4) shall be tested in accordance with 4.4.2.1. If sheet was not heat treated, a sample of product of an alternate form (order of preference: tube, extrusion, wire, rod, bar, plate, forging) shall be tested. The thickness of the sample shall be not more than twice the thickness of the thinnest product heat treated during the previous month.

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4.4.1.2 Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility of Sheet, Wire, or Extrusion A sample representative of the thickest (under 0.250 inch (6.35 mm)) product solution heat treated during the previous calendar month (See 8.2.4) shall be tested in accordance with 4.4.2.2. Primary order of preference shall be based on alloy/temper as follows: (1) 2xxx in -T3 or -T4 temper, (2) 7xxx in -T6 temper. Secondary order of preference shall be based on form as follows: (1) sheet, (2) extrusion, (3) wire. No test is required if 2xxx-T3 or -T4 or 7xxx-T6 in the above categories was not solution heat treated.

4.4.2

4.4.2.1 Test Methods and Acceptance Criteria Heat Treat Induced Porosity and Eutectic Melting

One or more specimens taken from the solution heat treated sample(s) shall be sectioned, polished, and examined at 500X magnification before and after etching. The specimen(s) shall be free from (1) heat treat induced porosity, evidenced by multiple voids in grain boundaries near the surface which are visible in more than two fields of view, and

(2) eutectic melting, evidenced by rosettes or eutectic structure at grain boundary triple points.

4.4.2.2 Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility

The sample shall be prepared and tested in accordance with ASTM G 110 modified as follows:

4.4.2.2.1 Specimen surface area shall be not less than 4 square inches (25.8 sq cm) (sum of both sides) except, for

wire, a minimum length of 4 inches (102 mm) shall suffice.

4.4.2.2.2 Removal of cladding may be confirmed by either examination of specimen surfaces or microscopic

examination of metallographic cross sections.

4.4.2.2.3

4.4.2.2.4

4.4.2.2.5

4.4.2.2.6

4.4.2.2.7 After immersion in the etching cleaner and nitric acid, the specimen shall be rinsed in water and either (1) air dried or (2) immersed in the test solution. The immersion period in the test solution shall be six to seven hours. After exposure in the test solution, corrosion products shall be removed by simultaneously rinsing in running water and brushing with a soft bristle brush. Metallographic examination shall be between 200 and 500X magnification. The severity of inter-granular corrosion exhibited by the major surfaces of the sample (end-grain attack shall

be disregarded) shall be no greater than that normally experienced by producers when heat treating under

production conditions in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of this specification.

Intentional or inadvertent process changes shall not cause increased severity.

4.5 Test Failures

4.5.1 Equipment Deficiency

If any valid test fails to meet any requirement specified herein, or if any valid test (after retesting, if permitted) fails to meet a requirement of the material specification or the drawing, and the cause of the failure was a deficiency of the heat treating equipment (not the test procedure or test apparatus), the following measures shall be taken:

4.5.1.1

4.5.1.2 The equipment shall not be used for production until the cause of the failure has been corrected and the test has been performed successfully. The quality assurance organization responsible for the equipment shall evaluate possible effects of the failure

on product processed since the last successful test. The evaluation shall be documented and, where

necessary, shall include consultation with metallurgists, engineers, and purchasers. Appropriate corrective

action shall be taken and documented.

标准

5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY

Not applicable.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Not applicable.

7. REJECTIONS

Not applicable.

8. NOTES 8.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical

revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of a specification. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the specification. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in specifications that contain editorial changes only.

8.1.1 This AMS2772E is an editorial correction necessary to correct publication errors in the D revision. In this instance,

the change bar symbol(s) included herein are for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical

changes have been made to the C and D revisions of this specification.

Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917 and as follows:

Raw Material (e.g., Sheet, Plate, Wire, Rod and Bar, Tubing, Forging, Extrusion) 8.2 8.2.1

Usually is identified by a heat or lot number and is usually tested destructively for acceptance. It is heat treated, by or for a material producer, in accordance with a material specification which may require, by reference, conformance to a heat treating specification.

8.2.2 Parts

Usually are identified by a part number and are produced from raw material in accordance with requirements of a drawing, and are usually tested by nondestructive techniques only. They are heat treated by or for a fabricator, in accordance with a drawing, purchase order, fabrication order, or heat treatment specification. At the time of heat treatment, they may resemble raw material.

8.2.3 Thickness

For forgings and extrusions, thickness is the minimum dimension of the heaviest section.

8.2.4 Samples for Metallurgical Tests

May be taken from remnants of samples taken in accordance with material specification requirements.

8.2.5 Mandatory and Non-Mandatory Provisions

The word “shall” identifies mandatory provisions; “should”, “may”, and “recommended” identify non-mandatory provisions.

8.2.6 Extrusion Press Quenching (Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treating)

Directly quenching from the extrusion press without a subsequent furnace solution heat treating operation. As a substitute for the furnace heating and quenching specified herein, extrusion press quenching is not covered by this specification.

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8.2.7 Rolling Mill Quenching (Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treating) Directly quenching from the rolling mill without a subsequent furnace solution heat treating operation. As a substitute for the furnace heating and quenching specified herein, rolling mill quenching is not covered by this specification.

8.2.8 Forms

“Forging” includes die and hand forgings and rolled or forged rings. “Extrusion” includes wire, rod, bar, profiles (shapes), and tube. When “Wire”, “Bar” and “Rod” are specified, they refer to cold finished or rolled products.

8.2.9 Heavy Load

A load is heavy if the volume of the metal in the load is more than 10% of the volume of the working (soaking) zones.

8.2.10 Similar Load Arrangement

A load arrangement in which all pieces will have heating and cooling rates similar to, or faster than, the pieces in the previously validated load arrangement may be considered similar. An example of a similar load arrangement is one in which the thickness of the pieces is similar to or less than, and the space between the pieces is similar to or greater than, the pieces in the previously validated load.

8.3 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and

properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only for information.

8.4 Most of the mandatory set temperatures and aging times specified for response-to-heat-treatment tests (in Tables 5

and 6) are based on those of AMS2770. For alloys/tempers not covered by AMS2770, Tables 5 and 6 temperatures/times are based on Tables 1 and 4 herein. These tests are intended to demonstrate that the material, in the as-produced condition (prior to any additional processing) has the capability to respond to a heat treatment which duplicates, as closely as possible, user’s test and production heat treating conditions.

Continuously quenched product traverses through a quench chamber without a pause or change of direction. Non-continuously quenched product pauses or changes direction during its traverse through a quench chamber.

PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE “D” AND “AMEC “ 8.5

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SAE TABLE 1 - SOLUTION HEAT TREATING TEMPERATURES (9) Temperature TemperatureTemperature Temperature(1)(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)Product Form Product Form

Alloy (See 8.2.8) °F °C Alloy (See 8.2.8) °F °C

2011 Wire, Rod, Bar 945-995 507-535 6156 Sheet 1010-1025 543-552

2013 Extrusion 1003-1023 539-551 6262 All 960-1050 516-566 2014 All 925-945 496-507 6951 Sheet 975-995 524-535 2017 Wire, Rod, Bar 925-950 496-510 7001 Extrusion 860-880 460-471

2018 Forging 940-970 504-521 7010 Plate, Forging 880-900 471-482

2024 All 910-930 488-499 7036 Extrusion 870-890 466-477 2025 Forgings 950-970 510-521 7136 Extrusion 870-890 466-477 2026 Extrusion 910-930 488-499 7039 Plate 700-880 371-471 2027 Plate, Extrusion 915-935 491-502 7039 Other 840-860 449-460 2048 Sheet, Plate 910-930 488-499 7040 Plate 880-910 471-488 2056 Sheet 915-935 491-502 7140 Plate 880-900 471-482 2090 Extrusion 990-1010 532-543 7049 All 860-900 460-482 2090 Sheet 975-1000 524-538 7050 All 880-900 471-482 2098 All 960-980 516-527 7055 Extrusion 870-890 466-477 2099 Extrusion 990-1030 532-554 7055 Plate 860-900 460-482 2117 Wire, Rod, Bar 925-950 488-499 7056 Plate 860-890 460-477

2124 Plate 910-930 488-499 7068 Extrusion 860-885 460-474 2218 Forging 940-960 504-516 7075 Forging 860-900 460-482 2219 All 985-1005 529-541 7075 Other 860-930460-499

2297 Plate 980-1000 527-538 7076 Forging 850-910 454-488 2397 Plate 960-980 516-527 7149 All 860-900 460-482 2524 Sheet, Plate 910-930 488-499 7150 Plate, Extrusion880-900 471-482

2618 Forging 975-995 524-535 7175 Plate, Extrusion880-910 471-488

4032 Forging 940-970 504-521 7178 Sheet 860-930 460-499 6013 Sheet 1045-1065 563-574 7249 Extrusion 865-895 463-479 6013 Rod, Bar 1040-1060 560-571 7349 Extrusion 870-890 466-477 6053 Forging 960-980 516-527 7449 Plate 860-890 460-477 6061 All 960-1075 516-579 7449 Extrusion 860-890 460-477 6063 Extrusion 960-1010 516-543 7475 Sheet, Plate 880-970 471-521

6066 All 960-1010 516-543 8090 Sheet 990-1000 532-538 6151 Forging 950-980 510-527 8090 Plate 990-1025 532-552

(1) Set temperature shall be selected so as to ensure, based on temperature uniformity tests and/or load sensors, the product is

soaked within the selected range.

(2) During heating of a load, until it reaches the selected range, the temperature of the heating medium may exceed maximum

temperature providing that the temperature of the metal in the load does not exceed the maximum.

(3) Solution heat treatment set temperatures for response-to-heat-treatment tests are mandatory and shall conform to Table 5A

or 6A (See 8.4).

(4) For wire, rod, and bar, minimum temperature of 900 °F (482 °C) is permissible provided that statistical analysis of the test

results, in accordance with MMPDS or ASTM STP 15D, shows, with a 95% confidence level, that 99% of the material meets

specification requirements.

(5) For alclad sheet, 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) and under in thickness, minimum temperature of 850 °F (454 °C) is permissible; for

alclad sheet over 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) in thickness, temperature should not exceed 900 °F (482 °C).

(6) Temperatures higher than 900 °F (482 °C) should not be used unless manufacturing controls, production experience and/or

tests ensure freedom from eutectic melting. For products thicker than 4 in (102 mm), temperatures higher than

910 °F (488 °C) are not recommended.

(7) Procedures for solution heat treatment of forgings are proprietary.

(8) Alclad sheet, maximum temperature shall be 945 °F (507 °C).

标准

SAE (9) AMS2772 is not applicable to extrusion press quenched nor rolling mill quenched products. Refer to 8.2.6 and 8.2.7.

TABLE 2 - RECOMMENDED MINIMUM SOAKING TIME FOR SOLUTION HEAT TREATMENT OF WROUGHT

PRODUCTS

Minimum

Soaking Time

Minutes(1)

Salt Bath or

Fluidized Bed

10

15

20

25

30

35

45

60

90

105

120

135

150

165

add 15 per 0.500 inch

(12.70 mm) Minimum Soaking Time Minutes(1) Air Furnace 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 add 30 per 0.500 inch (12.70 mm) Thickness (See 8.2.3) Inches Up to 0.020, incl Over 0.020 to 0.032, incl Over 0.032 to 0.063, incl Over 0.063 to 0.090, incl Over 0.090 to 0.124, incl Over 0.124 to 0.250, incl Over 0.250 to 0.500, incl Over 0.500 to 1.000, incl Over 1.000 to 1.500, incl Over 1.500 to 2.000, incl Over 2.000 to 2.500, incl Over 2.500 to 3.000, incl Over 3.000 to 3.500, incl Over 3.500 to 4.000, incl Over 4.000 Thickness (See 8.1.4) Millimeters(1) Upto0.51,incl Over 0.51to0.81,incl Over 0.81to1.60,incl Over 1.60to2.29,incl Over 2.29to3.15,incl Over 3.15to6.35,incl Over 6.35to12.70,incl Over 12.70to25.40,incl Over 25.40to38.10,incl Over 38.10to50.80,incl Over 50.80to63.50,incl Over 63.50to76.20,incl Over 76.20to88.90,incl Over 88.90to101.60,incl Over 101.60

1. Soaking time for alclad products should be minimized to preclude reduction of alclad thickness below the minimum thicknessrequirement of the material specification (See 3.6.4).

TABLE 3 - MAXIMUM QUENCH DELAY (FOR IMMERSION QUENCHING)(1)

Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Maximum Time

Inch Millimeters (Seconds)

Up to 0.016, Upto0.41,5

Over 0.016 to 0.031, incl Over0.41to0.79,incl 7

Over 0.031 to 0.090, incl Over0.79to2.29,incl 10

Over 0.090 Over2.29 15

1. Quench delay time begins when the furnace door starts to open or when the

first corner of the load emerges from a salt bath and ends when the last corner

of the load is immersed in the quenchant. With the exception of 2219 alloy, the

maximum quench delay times may be exceeded if results of tests prove that all

product in the load will be above 775 °F (413 °C) when quenched. For 2219

alloy, the maximum quench delay times may be exceeded if results of tests

prove that all product in the load will be above 900 °F (482 °C) when

quenched.

标准

SAE TABLE 4 - RECOMMENDED(5)(6) AGING TREATMENTS

Temper Aging Temperature Temper Aging

Product Form Before After Time (2)(2)Alloy (See 8.2.8) Aging Aging(Hours)

2011 All T3 T8 320 160 14 2013 Extrusion T3511 T6511 374 190 7 - 9 2014 Sheet T4 T6 320 160 18 2014 All T4 T6 350 177 9 2018 Forging T41 T61 340 171 10 2024 Forging T3 T8 375 191 11 2024 All other T3 T81 375 191 12 2024 Sheet, Wire T36 T86 375 191 8 2024 Forging T4 T6 375 191 17 2024 Wire, Rod, Bar T4 T6 375 191 12 2025 Forging T4 T6 350 177 9 2048 All T3 T8 375 191 12 2090 Extrusion T3 T86 305 151 30 2090 Sheet T3 T83 325 163 20 - 26 2098 All T32P T82P 320 160 17 - 19 2099 Extrusion T33 T83 250 121 10 - 14

Followed by 305 151 42 - 54

2124 Plate T3 T8 375 191 12 2124 Plate T31 T8151 370 188 9 - 12 2124 Plate T4 T6 375 191 9 2218 Forging T4 T6 340 171 10 2218 Forging T4 T7 460 238 6 2219 Rod, Bar, Extrusion T3 T8 375 191 18 2219 Sheet, Plate T37 T87 325 163 24 2219 Forging T4 T6 375 191 26 2219 All other T3 T8 350 177 18 2297 Plate T37 T87 320 160 20 - 48 2397 Plate T37 T87 320 160 59 - 61 2618 Forging T4 T6 390 199 20 4032 Forging T4 T6 340 171 10 6013 All T4 T6 375 191 4 6013 Sheet, Alternate T4 T6 345 174 8 6053 Forging T4 T6 340 171 10 6061 Forging, Extrusion T4 T6 350 177 8 6061 All other T4 T6 320 160 18 6063 All T4 T6 350 177 8 6063 All, Alternate T4 T6 360 182 6 6066 All T4 T6 350 177 8 6151 All T4 T6 340 171 10 6156 Sheet T4 T62 375 190 4 - 6 6262 Extrusion T4 T6 350 177 12 6262 All other T4 T6 340 171 8 6951 Sheet T4 T6 320 160 18 7001 Extrusion W T6 250 121 24 7010 Plate, Forging W T73 250 121 6 - 24

Followed by 340 171 20

7010 Plate, Forging W T74 250 121 6 - 24

Followed by 340 171 14

7010 Plate, Forging W T76 250 121 6 - 24

Followed by 340 171 11

7039 Plate W T64 room room 72

Followed by 225 107 8

Followed by 300 149 16

标准

SAE TABLE 4 - RECOMMENDED(5)(6) AGING TREATMENTS (CON’T.)

Temper Aging Temperature Temper Aging

Product Form Before After Time (2)(2)Alloy (See 8.2.8) Aging Aging(Hours)

7040 Plate W T7451 250 121 4 - 28

Followed by 329 165 10 - 16

7039 Forgings W T73 room room 48

Followed by 250 121 24

Followed by 325 163 12

7140 Plate W T7451 250 121 6 - 12

Followed by 310 154 20 - 30

7049 & room room 48 7149 Followed by 250 121 24

Followed by 330 166 17

7049 & room room 48 7149 Followed by 250 121 24

Followed by 375 163 13

7049 & room room 48 7149 Followed by 250 121 8 - 24

Followed by 340 171 6 - 16

7049 & room room 24 7149 Followed by 250 121 8 - 24

Followed by 335 168 6 - 16

7049 Forging W51 T7351 room room 8 - 16

Followed by 250 121 8 - 24

Followed by 335 168 6 - 16

7050 Forging W T6 room room 72

Followed by 250 121 48

7050 Wire, Rod, Bar W T73 250 121 4 - 24

Followed by 350 177 6 - 12

7050 Plate W T73 250 121 4 - 24

Followed by 350 177 8 - 16

7050 Plate W T74 250 121 3 - 6

Followed by 325 163 24 - 30

7050 Forging W T74 250 121 3 - 6

Followed by 350 177 6 - 12

7050 Forging W51, 52 T7451, 52 250 121 3 - 6

Followed by 350 177 6 - 10

7050 Plate W T76 250 121 3 - 6

Followed by 325 163 12 - 15

7050 Extrusion W T76 250 121 3 - 8

Followed by 325 163 15 - 18

7050 Extrusion W T6 250 121 23 - 25 7055 Extrusion W T74511 250 121 4 - 6

Followed by 320 160 11 - 12

7055 Extrusion W T76511 250 121 4 - 6

Followed by 320 160 6.5 - 7.5

7056 Plate W T7651 250 121 19 - 29

Followed by 300 149 11 - 21

7068 Extrusion W T6 250 121 23 - 25 7075 All W T6 250 121 24 7075 Sheet, Plate W T73 225 107 6 - 8

Followed by 325 163 24 - 30

7075 Forgings, Wire, Rod, 225 107 6 - 8

Bar Followed by 350 177 8 - 10

7075 Forging W51, 52 T7351, 52 225 107 6 - 8

Followed by 350 177 6 - 8

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