突破动词时态语态题

突破动词时态语态题

动词的时态和语态是考试的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐渐加大。动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。命题者常从以下角度进行命题：

1.直接给出时间状语，考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；

2.给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；

3.给出主句时态，让考生选择从句时态；所给题干是一固定搭配结构，考查考生对于固定结构需用时态的掌握情况；

4.题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。 一、利用时间标志词巧解动词时态题

遇到动词时态题时首先在题干中寻找时间标志词，如果题干中有标志性的时间状语，则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。

【考例】①Daniel’s family ______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(2009安徽卷)

A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying

② His sister left home in 1998, and _______since.（2009全国卷I） A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of

③Judy is going to marry the sailor she ______ in Rome last year.（2008重庆卷） A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet 动词的时态一般都有其对应的时间状语，熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语将对你今后解题有所帮助。

（1）一般现在时：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day/week…等。

（2）一般过去时：then, yesterday, in the past, last week, after that, two days ago等。 （3）现在进行时：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days 等。

（注意某些警示性动词 如：look ,listen）

（4）过去进行时：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。

（5）现在完成时： recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past / last few months /

years…, for +一段时间, since +一段时间等。

（6）过去完成时：before, by the end of last month / years…;by yesterday/last week…等 （7）一般将来时：tomorrow, next week / month…, in an hour, in the coming / following

few weeks等。

（8）过去将来时：the following month, the next week等。

【命题角度及对策】敏锐捕捉时间标志词，并结合具体的语境，选择出正确的动词时态，是解决此类问题的良策。

二、利用主从时态呼应原则巧解动词时态题 遇到动词时态题时，如果所给题干是含有状语从句或宾语从句的主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。 【考例】1. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _______ into being.（2009北京卷）

A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come

2. The moment I got home, I found I ____ my jacket on the playground. (2008陕西卷) A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving

【命题角度及对策】考题中考查主从句的时态呼应时，常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查。在根据主从句时态呼应原则解题时，要把握好以下几点：

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（1）在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。

（2）正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。

（3）解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时，考生应熟知以下规则：主句动词为现在时，则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态；主句动词为过去时，则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态（表示客观真理时使用一般现在时）

三、利用具有特殊时态要求的固定搭配巧解动词时态题 英语中有很多固定搭配或特殊句式，使用的动词时态非常固定。如果题干构成某种固定搭配或特殊句式，则根据规则选用规定的时态。

【考例】①This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family.（2009陕西卷）

A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen ②— How can I apply for an online course?

— Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（2007北京卷） A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see

③ I ______ along the street looking for a place to park my car when the accident

______. （2006江苏卷）

A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred

C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred

【命题角度及对策】具有特殊时态要求的固定搭配的考查热点倾向于be doing (about to do)…when…； no sooner…than…； hardly/ scarcely…when…； It / This is / was the first(second…) time…以及对时态有特殊要求的固定句式。在平时的英语学习中，同学们一定要夯实基础知识，熟记教材中出现的各种习惯搭配，这不仅有助于解单项填空题，而且对解完形填空和短文改错题也有帮助，还能在书面表达中增添色彩。 四、利用语境巧解动词时态题

近年考题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高，设题趋向于不出现时间状语，而向情境化、实际化的方向发展。因此，细心体会所给语境，根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。

【考例】①Edward, you play so well. But I ______ you played the piano. (2009北京卷) A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known ② When he _______ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.（2009湖南卷） A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open

③ Would you please keep silent? The weather report ______ and I want to listen. （2009湖南卷）

A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 【命题角度及对策】近年考题对时态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。

对策是，捕捉信息，理解情境，综合运用，灵活答题。 练习：

1.—You haven’t said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it?

—I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say

2. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written 3.—When will you come to see me，Dad?

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—I will go to see you when you ________ the training course.

A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4.—How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990.

A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed

5. By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed

6. The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.

A.had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7.—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it?

—I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder

8. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year.

A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate

9. I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame

10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________. A.has been B.does C.has D.is

11.If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.

A.are not kept; will have to B.are not kept; have to C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to 12.The price ________，but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A.went down B.will go down C.has gone down D.was going down 13.—How long ________ each other before they ________ married? —For about a year.

A.have they known; get B.did they know; get

C.do they know; are going to get D.had they known; got 14.You can’t move in right now.The house ________.

A.has painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.is painting 15.—Hey，look where you are going! —Oh，I’m terribly sorry.________.

A.I’m not noticing B.I wasn’t noticing C.I haven’t noticed D.I don’t notice

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情态动词表推测用法总结

（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式

能用于表推测的情态动词：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to 1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。

（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。

2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 （1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。

（2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 （1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？ （2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？

注： might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态 1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 （2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。

（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。

（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。

（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？ 3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。

（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 （2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。 （3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？ 难道他找到书了吗？

注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如： （4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.

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现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）

（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟）

她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测

（三）“情态动词＋完成时”用法

“情态动词＋完成时”是情态动词考查的热点，在做此类练习时，既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法，又应该仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。

1.must have done 表示对已经发生的事情的推测，意为“一定，想必”, 句子中表示的是一种肯定的推测。这种结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是can’t （couldn’t）have done ，表示“不可能，肯定不会”。例如： He didn’t hear the phone . He must have been asleep. 他没有听到电话响，他肯定是已经睡着了。 He must have been to Shanghai. 他一定去过上海。

They can’t have gone out , because the light is on . 他们不可能出去，因为灯亮着。

2. can（could）have done表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测，can have done 一般只用于否定句和疑问句。could have done 还可以用于肯定句，常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。例如： He can’t have finished the work so soon. 这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。

We could have walked to the station , it was so near . 我们本来是可以走到车站去的，路很近。 3. may（might）have done

（1）表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测，意为“可能已经，或许已经”。 （2）虚拟用法表示本可以做，但却没做（表示很委婉地责备） If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier. 如果我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。 He might have given you more help, he was very busy. 他本来是可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他很忙。

4. needn’t have done 指实际上做了本来不必要做的事，意为“本来不必”。例如： There was plenty of time . She needn’t have hurried. 时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙。

You needn’t have told him the news. 他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。

5. should （ought to ）have done 指本该做而实际未做的事，意为“本来应该”。其否定式shouldn’t（oughtn’t）have done 则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如： You should have started earlier , but you didn’t. 你本应该早一点出发，但是你没有。 You ought to have helped him （but you didn’t ）. 你本应该帮助他。 We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came. 我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。

6.Would have done 本想做（却没做）wouldn’t have done 本不想做（却做了）

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I would have helped you, but I was too busy. 我本想帮你，但我太忙了。 练习：

1. Look! The light is out in her room. She ———— to bed already. A. must go B. had to go C.must have gone D.has gone

2. We had a wonderful time yesterday. You ———— .Why didn't you come?

A. had to come B.should have come C.might have come D.must have come 3. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ─ It______ a comfortable journey.

A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been 4. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture. A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended 5. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left C. Couldn't have left D. needn't leave

6. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach,I_____ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t cut B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat

7. Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

8. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won' t C. can' t D. may not 9. - Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?

- No, it _______ be him -I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.

A. can't B. must not C. won't D. may not

10. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A . mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D.needn’t

11. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at lease 150 km an hour.

A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done

12. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.

A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

13. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!

A. may go through B. might go through

C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 14. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put 15. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You _______ it. I could manage it myself.

A．needn’t do B．needn’t have done C．mustn’t do D．shouldn’t have done

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