构词法学案-王丽丽- 学生 2

掌握派生构词法 高分名校易攻下

主备：王丽丽 审核：英语教研组

【课前寄语】

词汇是土，能力是山，积土成山；词汇是沙，能力是塔，聚沙成塔。

【学习目标】

1．识记常见派生词缀知识；

2．能运用构词法知识提高考试成绩；

3．能通过学习构词法激起对英语学习的兴趣。 【知识梳理】

同学们，你们还记得儿时如何学习生字吗？如果阅读中遇到下面生词你会猜出他们的意思吗？

noninterference precaution ultra-smart malnutrition

常见前缀认知归纳：

1. 英语中，有不少单词加上前缀就会变成意义相反的新词，但是词性没有变化。请写出下面单词的反义词，你能发现他们有什么规律吗？ correct, direct, patient, mature, legal, responsible, perfect, formal

比较一下下面这一组呢？

easy, dress, do, load, order, obey, cover, lead, use, understand,

2. 根据汉语提示，你觉得下面单词应该加什么前缀？

防冻剂：_____freeze, 毁林：___forestation, 虐待：__-treat, 废话：__sense 人口过剩：___population, 回收：__cycle, 前额：___head, 前妻：__wife, 战后：___-war, 互联网：_____net, 电话：____phone, 超短裙：___skirt, 地铁：___way, 移植：____plant, 汽车：___mobile ，午夜：___night, 副业：___work, 合作：___operate

【温馨提示】加前缀时候一般只改变词义而不改变词性，可在我们学习过程中，有几个前缀会将原单词变为动词，你知道是哪几个吗？

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常见后缀认知归纳： 作用 词缀 -ence, -ance -tion, -sion -ment -ness -age 变名词 -th -ure -ce -dom -hood, -ship -er, -or -ing -fy 变动词 -ize -en -e -y -al, -ial -ful, -less -(i)ous 变形容词 -able, -(s)ible -tive -tic, -fic -en -some 名词-ly 变副词 变数词 形容词-ly -teen -ty -th（序数词） 例词 reference, entrance correction, decision equipment calmness package growth failure absence wisdom boyhood, leadership actor, designer gardening classify specialize soften breathe dusty national, typical faithful, aimless numerous suitable, accessible talkative romantic wooden tiresome monthly angrily sixteen forty fortieth 讨论举例 【温馨提示】从上面表格可以看出，有些后缀的意义或用法基本固定，例如：以-y结尾常表示天气：windy, cloudy, 以-ese表示“某地人”等等，你还能想出一些这样的后缀吗？

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【高考链接】

根据题意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. With the rapid economic ______(grow) of our country, we now are eating a lot of food that is high in sugar and fat.

2. My daughter ________(happy) hugged her toy and then hugged me as well. 3. In ______(add), students will meet many, many new friends. 4. That’s a very cold evening, and the wait seemed ______(end). 5. His eyes were filled with _______(sad) while saying this. 6. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _______(long).

7. The black people were against slavery and fought for their________(free) bravely. 8. What you said sounded________ (reason)but in fact it was untrue. 9. You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________(health). 10.________(honest) speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.

请不要查阅词典，运用所学构词法结合上下文语境猜测划线部分的词义。 1. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. 2. Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. 3. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …

4. …It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.” could really be an old man.

5. …The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables 6. …Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…

7. …My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he pulled away. 【课后检测】

不查词典，结合所学构词法，猜测下面单词的意思。

resolve, vice-chairman, coexist, disarm, ignore, antiknock, mid-position, postscript, transoceanic, byproduct, subtropical

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