2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-已经精心翻译

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增题型

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之

理工类 补全短文 第十三篇

Affectionate Androids-多情的机器人

Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic（逼真的） cyber companions（伙伴）, complete with skin, dexterity, and

intelligence.They will be programmed（设定） to tend（照料） to your every need.- 计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。不久，我们将看到逼真机器人伙伴，完整的皮肤，敏捷，智力。他们将编程倾向于你所有的需要。

Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial（人工） intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming（声称） human‐robot relationships will become popular（受欢迎） in the next few decades（十年）. ____1____Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures（生物、动物、人）—even objects（目标）.- 我们会想结婚的机器人吗？人工智能研究者戴维已经出版了一本书，声称人类‐机器人关系将成为未来几十年将人类真的能够形成深厚的感情的机器？它会，事实上，是比较容易形成这些强大的附件，因为人类喜欢人格化：给人的属性的其他生物甚至物体

For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2____The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down（躺下） because its batteries were flat（电用尽），the kids（孩子） even covered it with a blanket（毛毯）.- 例如，在圣迭戈的研究人员最近提出一个小型人形机器人与几个月的幼儿游戏小组。孩子们最终把它作为一个蹒跚学步的孩子。当它躺下来，因为它的电池是扁平的，孩子们甚至都是用一条毯子

In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates（性情相投的人，心心相印的伙伴，灵魂伴侣）, even? ____3____ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.- 在未来的几十年，当机器人用塑料皮肤的外观和感觉很真实，人们会想和他们建立关系？如果机器人能说话？和被编程为完美的伴侣的灵魂伴侣，即使？像实验中的那些孩子，他们会接受他们。

The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine.- 然后，下一个问题，是否有一台机器的情感关系有什么不对。

Even（即使） today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical（不道德的）.

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

____4____ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty（强大的） tempting（引诱）. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues（美德） of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy（脾气暴躁的） old people?（为什么老年人懒得说其他脾气暴躁的老百姓？

）”A robot could be programmed to be as dumb（哑的；沉默寡言的；愚蠢的） or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired（要求）. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally（相等地；相当地，同样地；公正地） deep human‐human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison（比拟；比喻；对比；对照）. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. ____5____People in relationships have to learn to adapt（适应） to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences.It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser.

A robot companion will be perfect at the start（开始时）. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.（然而，没有什么能将关系发展到更高的高度。）

【词汇】

affectionate adj. 深情的 dexterity n. 灵巧，敏捷 anthropomorphize v. 赋于人性，人格化

grumpy adj. 脾气暴躁的 cyber adj. 计算机的

tend v. 照料 bot n. 机器人 subservient adj. 屈从的，奉承的

【注释】

1．Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn：计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。

【练习】

A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.

B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.

C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.

D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws（缺点、瑕疵）.

E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.

F The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled.

【答案与题解】

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

1．C 前文讲到David在书中认为人与机器人的关系在几十年后将变得普遍，因此接下来应该继续讲这种普遍性是怎样的。

2．F 前文讲在圣地亚哥的一个实验，研究人员将机器人放在儿童游乐园里，要填的句子应该是介绍这个机器人。

3．E 前文提了几个问题，是关于我们对人与机器人关系的看法，而后文讲“他们”会乐于接受，因此要填的句子应该是两类人的对比。E项讲我们这一代人可能会反对，但下一代人就不一定了，符合意思。

4．B 前文讲有人和宠物发展深厚关系，后面讲的是与机器人发展深厚关系的吸引人之处，因此这里应该讲机器人做伴侣的好处。

5．D 前文讲好朋友会在你犯错的时候指出来，这里应该是表示对比——机器人不会这么做。

2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之

理工类 补全短文 第九篇

Lightening Strikes-雷击

Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1 When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.____ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.- 三年前的一道闪电都毁在阿伯丁Lyn Miller的房子里和她的两个孩子里面。“有一个巨大的风暴，”她说，回忆可怕的经历。“我和我的兄弟在拼命工作以阻止洪水进入房间。我突然被扔在地上的一个巨大的爆炸。当我爬了起来，屋顶和房子的整个上层已被拆除。门被瓦砾堵住了，但我们挤了进去，发现孩子们安然无恙，谢天谢地。后来有人告诉我被

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

闪电击中的是一百万的一个机会。”事实上，它的计算在一个机会600000。即便如此，马克博士的钥匙是技术，一个组织，监测雷电的影响，认为你应该通情达理。“我不会去风暴不过我是一个细心的人。”他建议任何人谁是不幸在一场风暴把放在地上，蜷缩成一个球，使自己尽可能小。

Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2 No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.____ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works.- 闪电是大自然最可怕的表现出纯粹的力量。难怪古希腊人以为是宙斯，众神之父，250年前在愤怒的投掷雷电，本杰明富兰克林，美国的科学家和政治家，证明了闪电是电的一种形式，但科学家们仍然缺乏一个全面的了解它是如何工作的

____3 Occasionally there are warning signs.____ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has

manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.- 偶尔有警告标志。正电荷流上的树木或教堂的尖顶可以发光和发出嗡嗡的噪声，和人的头发竖起来。如果你害怕闪电，你会很高兴知道，一家位于美国的公司制作了一个手持闪电探测器可以探测到70公里远，发出警告音和风暴的监测方法。 Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time, she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ____4 In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm. ____ The best place to be is inside a car!- 南茜怀尔德在萨里郡的一个俱乐部打高尔夫球时，她被一道闪电击中。怀尔德夫人的心脏停止了跳动，但她复苏后，住院几天，她被烧伤治疗她的头，手和脚，她被宣布复出。自那时以来，她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。事实上，一个高尔夫球场是雷雨中最危险的地方最好的地方是在汽车里！

The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.- 最大数量的人被闪电击中的一次是在九月1995时，17名球员在球场上被击中的同时。电击的最非凡之处在于，11的受害者七成人和四儿童有微小的孔在3厘米的间隔燃烧模式在每个脚趾及脚底。

Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. ____5 Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.____Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.- 哈罗德的交易，从南卡罗来纳州，美国的退休电工，被闪电击中了26年前。他显然没有受伤，但后来出现了罢工破坏了其控制温度的感觉大脑的一部分。自那时以来，南卡罗来纳州的冬天冻结没有打扰哈罗德，因为他完全不觉得冷。动物是闪电2受害者。牛羊每年有数百人被杀，很大程度上是因为他们走在树下。在东英吉利的1918，504只羊被闪电击中地面，走遍了整个羊群相同的螺栓瞬间死亡。闪电也开始负责超过10000的森林火灾每年全世界。

【词汇】

bolt n. （闪电）道

sheer adj. 绝对的

resuscitate v. 使复苏

flock n. 群

rubble n. 碎石

spire n. 尖顶，尖塔

instantaneously adv. 即刻，突如其来地

【注释】

1．she has been a strictly fair weather golfer：她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。

2．Animals are victims of lightning too：动物也会受到雷击的伤害。

【练习】

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.

B In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.

C Lightning has long been hailed as one of the most impressive displays of nature’s power.

D When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.

E Occasionally there are warning signs.

F Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.

【答案与题解】

1．D 前文讲到“我”被爆炸击中，因此后文要讲被击昏然后醒来之后的事，D项符合。

2．A 前文讲闪电是大自然绝对力量最可怕的展现方式之一，而宙斯在古希腊是力量的化身，古希腊人认为雷电产生的原因是宙斯发怒并投掷闪电。

3．E 后文讲到闪电来临之前的一些征兆，还讲到有一种产品可以预告闪电。此处要填的是该段的主题句，即闪电到来之前会有一些征兆。

4．B 前面讲到在高尔夫球场上被雷击的一个事例，后文讲闪电来临之时最安全的地方是汽车里，因此要填的句子应该是讲在高尔夫球场不安全。

5．F 前文讲Harold因为雷击丧失了感受温度的能力，F选项中关于他再也不怕冬天的寒冷的描述符合要求。

2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之

理工类 补全短文 第五篇

A Record-Breaking Rover-一个破纪录的车

NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. ____1 Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.____On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.- 美国宇航局的火星漫游车“机遇号”到达了其他任何漫游车都没能到达的地方——至少从距离上来说是如此。自2004年“机遇号”到达火星以来，它已经行驶了25. 01英里，比任何外星漫游车走的距离都长。许多年后的七月二十七日，后走在火星地面年，像高尔夫球车大小的机遇号，推进了超过24英里，打破了1973苏联车送到月球保持的记录。

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.- 这是惊人的考虑机遇号是打算开车大约1公里，从未被设计为距离，说：”约翰卡拉丝，火星探测项目经理。 ____2 He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.____ “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up（累计）, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”-他在美国宇航局喷气推进实验室在帕萨迪纳加利福尼亚工作“但真正重要的不是车已经累计走了多少英里，而是我们有多少探索和发现在这些距离内。

OPPORTUNITY-机遇号

The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit（勇气号）, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. ____3 The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.____Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.- 太阳能发电的机遇号和它的孪生火星车，勇气号，登陆火星10年前的一个任务将持续3个月。流浪者的目的是帮助科学家了解地球，寻找生命的迹象，如水的存在。勇气号停在2010三月与地球通信，它被困在一个沙坑后几个月。但机遇号继续收集和分析火星土壤和岩石。

During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. ____4 It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.____MARATHON ROVER-马拉松车 -在其使命，机遇号已经抓获并送回地球，187000全景和显微摄像机的火星图片。它还提供数据上的行星的大气，土壤，岩石和地形的科学家，马拉松车

The rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. ____5 Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.

____Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.- 漫游者似乎不准备停止呢。如果机遇号可以继续，它将达到另一个主要的调查地点时，它指向26.2英里里程。科学家称该地点为马拉松河谷，因为当车到达的区域，它走过相同的距离从火星到达一个马拉松的长度。研究人员认为，粘土矿物的马拉松附近山谷暴露对火星古代的环境线索。继续旅行的机遇号也将有助于研究他们的计划到这个红色星球，最终人类的使命。

【词汇】

Mars rover n. 火星车

panoramic adj. 全景的

odometer n. 里程计

rack up v. 积累

microscopic adj. 微观的

【注释】

1．could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment：含有与火星早期环境有关的线索。

【练习】

A It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.

B He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

C Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.

D Opportunity has been working on Mars since January 2004.

E The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.

F Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.

【答案与题解】

1．F 前文讲“机遇号”在距离上比之前的任何漫游车行进的距离都长，因此接下来应该讨论关于行进距离的问题。

2．B 前文引入了一个新人物John Callas，而后文是他说的一些话，因此这里应该填写的内容是对这个人的进一步介绍。

3．E 前文讲了同时被送入太空的两台漫游车“机遇号”和“勇气号”，因此下文应该对它们的情况进行介绍，而关于发射目的的介绍在这里是合适的。

4．A 前文讲到“机遇号”给地面传回了许多照片，而选项A中讲到它还给地面传回了许多其他信息，在这里是一致的。

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

5．C 前文讲漫游车在行进到26.2英里的时候会到达一个地点，而后文提到了马拉松谷这个地方，因此这里应该是关于这个地点的介绍。

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之

理工类 阅读理解 第二十二篇

Real World Robots-现实世界中的机器人

When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice

accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past

experience.- 当你想到一个机器人，你想像的有光泽，具有相同的一般形状的金属装置，作为一个人类，执行人的功能，在一个单调的声音高亢的音调的声音加重你的问题的回应？这是许多我们想象一个机器人，但是在现实世界中，一个机器人都不是人形。取而代之的是一个机器人往往是无声的，箱型机，有效地进行重复的或危险的通常是由人执行的功能。今天的机器人是一个自动的机器，执行一个任务，一次又一次。现代机器人是不同的人工智能，机器人编程是度，包含一个计算机程序，告诉它如何执行与人类智能有关的任务，如推理，得出结论，从过去的经验中学习。

A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate.

A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance,

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

the robot too will progress in its functions and use of

artificial-intelligence programs.- 一一个机器人不具备这一二条腿的机器人很难平衡的原因很简单，剩下的人的形状。一个机器人，然而，流离转徙轮轴，滚动和旋转。一个机器人甚至有四肢与关节和马达组合的旋转和移动。在它的周围找到自己的方式，机器人利用各种内置传感器。连接到机器人的基础上发现任何他们撞到天线。如果机器人开始步履蹒跚时，在斜坡上，陀螺仪或摆在里面感觉的垂直差异。确定从一个对象的距离和如何快速地达到目标，机器人弹跳的激光和超声波声波在障碍物的道路梁。这些和其他的传感器不断反馈信息到计算机，然后分析信息并修正或调整机器人的行为。随着科学技术的进步，机器人也会在它的功能和使用的人工智能程序的进展。

【词汇】

envision v. 想象，预想

device n. 装置

accentuate v. 强调，重读

artificial intelligence n. 人工智能

limb n. 臂

antennae n. 天线

incline v. 倾斜

pendulum n. 钟摆

ultrasonic adj. 超声的

metallic adj. 金属的

monotone n. 单调的

humanoid adj. 像人的

axle n. 轮轴

rotate v. 旋转

swivel n. 旋转

teeter v. 摇晃

gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪

vertical n. 直立的

【注释】

1．To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路

2．the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。

【练习】

1．Another good title for this passage would beA Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

B Artificial Intelligence Programs.

C Today’s Robots and How They Function.

D Modern-Day Sensors.

2．Artificial intelligence is

A the unnatural way in which robots move.

B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.

C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.

D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.

3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will beA more humanlike in behavior and actions.

B more like automatic machines.

C better able to move on inclines.

D better equipped with laser light sensors.

4．The writer begins the passage by comparingA the shape of a human being with a box.

B a modem robot with a fictional robot.

C an imaginary machine with a human.

D a computer program with artificial intelligence.

5．The word humanoid means

A lacking human characteristics.

B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.

C being void or vacant.

D having a human form or characteristics.

【答案与题解】

1．C 从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。

2．D Artificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。

3．A 最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。

4．B 文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。

5．D 从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之

理工类 阅读理解 第九篇

An Essential Scientific Process（一个重要的科学过程） All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.（地球上的一切生命都依靠绿色植物。利用阳光，植物种植自己的食物。然后在动物饲料的植物。他们接受的养分的植物已经产生和储存。但这还不是全部。阳光也可以帮助植物制造氧气。一些氧气是用植物，但植物通常会产生比使用更多的氧气。过量的氧气是动物和其他生物的生活需要。）

The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called

photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The

chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.（改变光转化为食物和氧气的过程叫做光合作用。除了光能量来自太阳，植物也使用水和二氧化碳。水被植物通过根。二氧化碳进入叶片通过细小的气孔。旅行中叶绿体的二氧化碳，在绿色植物的体细胞。这是进行光合作用的场所。叶绿体含有赋予植物绿色的叶绿素。叶绿素是陷阱的光能量的分子。被困的光能量的变化水和二氧化碳制造氧气和简单的糖称为葡萄糖） Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.（二氧化碳和氧气进入和出气孔。水蒸气也移出气孔。超过百分之90的植物需要水在通过其根通过

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

气孔。在白天，大多数植物的气孔开放。这允许二氧化碳进入光合作用的叶。夜幕降临，二氧化碳是没有必要的。大部分植物气孔关闭。水的损失停止）

If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s

atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.（如果光合作用停止，地球上就没有食物或其他有机物。大多数生物都会消失。地球的大气层将不再含有氧。光合作用是地球上生命的本质）

【词汇】

nutrient n.营养物

organism n.生物体，有机体

carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳

chloroplast n.叶绿体

molecule n.分子

vapor n.水蒸气

oxygen n.氧气

photosynthesis n.光合作用

chlorophyll n.叶绿素

glucose n.葡萄糖

cease v.停止

【注释】

1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。

【练习】

1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” meansA heavy.

B extra.

C green.

D liquid.

2．Which of the following does not move through a plant’s stomata?

A Carbon dioxide.

B Water vapor.

C Oxygen.

D Food.

3．In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers toA photosynthesis.

B the formation of glucose.

C global warming.

D water getting to the roots of plants.

2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增文章-每篇文章都已经精心翻译,对理解背诵帮助非常大。

4．This passage is primarily developed byA explaining a process.

B telling a story.

C comparing and contrasting.

D convincing the reader of plants’ importance.

5．Another good title for this passage would beA Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.

B Plants and Their Roots.

C How Photosynthesis Works.

D Why Our Earth Needs Water.

【答案与题解】

1．B 前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。excess在句中的意思是“超额的”，与extra“额外的”意思相近。

2．D 从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是food“养分、食物”，因此该题选D项。

3．A 文章通篇都在讲Photosynthesis，即光合作頌钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet，因此选A项。B项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D项则毫不相干。

4．A 文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，因此整个逻辑应该是解释过程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。D项是“向读者说明植物的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组织方式。

5．C 文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项C。A、B项在文中有提及，但不是主旨，D项与本文无关。

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