托福1998年05月语法笔记

1998年05月语法题

1. _____ a major role in future planetary exploration. (A) Robots will surely play

(B) Robots, which will surely play

(C) Because robots will surely be playing (D) Surely robots, which will be playing 答案:A

分析：句子缺主谓

（B）如为定语从句，则缺谓语

（C）Because引导的原因状语从句,无主句

（D）同A，且频度副词Surely形容整个句子，应以逗号隔开

参考译文：机器人极有可能将在未来的太空探索中扮演主要角色。

2. Unlike the owl, bats cannot see very well, but they do have_____. (A) it hears very well (B) very good to hear (C) hearing very well (D) very good hearing 答案:D

分析：but后无宾语，D为名词短语 （A）谓语动词重复 （B）缺宾语

（C) well做\好\讲为adv.不修饰名词

参考译文：蝙蝠不像猫头鹰一样有良好的视力，但却有极佳的听力.

3. Comparatively few clues in the United Slates have competing newspapers today, a major change from 1900 _____ more than two newspapers. (A) because then most large cities having (B) when did most large cities have (C) then most large cities that had (D) when most large cities had 答案：D

分析：逗号前已经是完整的句子，接从句，加之横线前为时间，所以是时间状语从句 （A）从句 缺谓语

（B）从句不能将助动词提前，而应当使用陈述句语序 （C）缺乏时间状语从句引导词

参考译文：通过比较美国现今竞争激烈的报业的一些细微线索，（可见）1900年是一个主要的转折，从那一年开始，多数大城市都出现了两份以上的报纸。

4. Witch hazel extract, ____ distilled from the bark and twigs of the witch hazel shrub, has been utilized in medicine. (A) is

(B) when to be (C) which is (D) has been 答案：C

分析：has been utilized是谓语，两个逗号之间应为从句 （A）谓语动词重复

（B）从句缺主谓，不定式是非谓语动词 （D）谓语动词重复

参考译文：榛树的提取液被应用于医药领域，它是由矮榛树的皮和细枝提取的。

5. ____ touching in O. Henry's stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity. (A) Most is (B) It mostly is (C) Is it most (D) What is most 答案：D

分析：缺主语，is是谓语，主语从句做主语 （A）谓语动词重复 （B）谓语动词重复

（C）谓语动词重复，且不该为疑问式 参考译文：欧·亨利的作品最让人感动的是普通人为维护自身尊严而抗争的勇气。

6. The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with meteoroids, ____ new craters to appear. (A) cause (B) causing (C) caused (D) have cause 答案：B

分析：逗号前为完整句，后接分词成分做伴随状语（TOEFL考试中，句子完整，逗号后一般接定从句，分词，同位语和状从四种成分。 （A）谓语动词重复

（C）过去分词表被动，不合句意 （D）谓语动词重复

参考译文：由于彗星碰撞，月球表面产生了许多新\弹坑\。

7. Social scientists believe that ____ from sounds such as grunts and barks made by early ancestors of human beings.

(A) the very slow development of language (B) language developed very slowly

(C) language which,, was very slow to develop (D) language, very slowly developing 答案：B

分析：that前的为主谓成分，that引导宾语从句，从句缺主谓 （A）从句缺谓语

（C）that冗余，且逗号应在which前 （D）缺谓语

参考译文：社会学家认为，语言是由诸如早期人类的哼叫声这样的声响逐渐发展起来的。

8. ____ substances include various forms of silica, pumice, and emery. (A) Natural abrasives occur (B) Abrasion occurs in natural (C) Naturally occurring abrasive (D) A natural occurrence of abrasion 答案：C

分析：空格后是完整句，则空格应填主语修饰成分（adj.冠词，所有格） （A）谓语动词重复 （B）谓语动词重复

（D）名词短语，不做定语

参考译文：天然具有研磨作用的物质包括各种形状的矽土，浮石和金刚砂。

9._____ in the upper part of their long thin legs allow deer to run swiftly and jump far. (A) Muscles are powerful

(B) There are powerful muscles

(C) The powerful muscles that (D) Powerful muscles 答案：D

分析：句子缺主语（介词短语不做主语） （A）谓语动词重复，allow是句子的谓语 （B）谓语动词重复，allow是句子的谓语

（C）that为从句引导词，后面没有支持他的从句

参考译文：细长腿部后帮的有力肌肉，使鹿得以跑动敏捷，跳跃高远。

10. Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites ____-- by early humans. (A) occupied (B) occupying (C) which occupy (D) were occupied 答案：A

分析：空格前为完整句，选分词修饰宾语

（B）现在分词表主动，后面应接宾语，而by引导的介词短语表明是被动 （C）应该使用被动语态，which is occupied （D）谓语动词重复

参考译文：地理学家与考古学家和人类学家合作，来研究在早期人类居住地（发现的）火炉与陶器的磁性。

11. ____ technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions. (A) Not only is Barbara Astman's artwork (B) Not only Barbara Astman's artwork

(C) Barbara Astman's artwork,, which is not only (D) Barbara Astman's artwork not only 答案：A

分析：考倒装句的结构，not only...(but) also是固定搭配，句首有否定词或否定短语 时，部分到装（谓动的一部分，助动词/系动词，放到主语前） （B）缺动词

（C） 如选C，则主句无谓语 （D）缺动词

参考译文：芭芭拉·爱丝曼的艺术作品不仅技艺精炼，还探究心理问题。

12.Although Canada's Parliament can neither administer or enforce laws_____ initiate policy, it does have the power to make laws and vote on the allocation of funds. (A) not (B) nor (C) and (D) either 答案：B

分析：neither...nor...固定搭配

参考译文：尽管加拿大国会不能执行法令和施行政策，但它拥有制定法律和表决基金分配的权利。

13.Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenth-century Nebraska, My Antonia,____

(A) was her best work (B) her best work

(C) her best work it was (D) being her best work 答案：B

分析：空格前主谓完整，因此空格填宾语补足语 （A）谓语动词重复 （C）谓语动词重复

（D）固定结构consider (sb/sth as)sth 参考译文：维拉·卡瑟认为她关于十九世纪内布拉斯加生活的小说《我的安东尼亚》是自己最好的作品。

14.First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event ______ concerns about environmental issues such as pollution. (A) dedicated to raising (B) dedicated raising (C) dedicates to raise

(D) that dedicates to raising 答案：A

分析：dedicated to doing 固定搭配

参考译文：从1970年第一次被设立以来，地球日已经成为一项年度国际盛事，致力于提升（公众）对污染之类环境事业的关注。

15.In 1992 Albert Gore, Jr., the son of a former United States senator, became _____ Vice President of the United States. (A) who was the forty-fifth (B) and the forty-fifth (C) the forty-fifth

(E) he was the forty-fifth 答案：C

分析：空格前为谓语，后为宾语，选定语修饰宾语 (A）who没有先行词

（B）and多余，如加and成为平行结构，则后面应再接一个动词 （D）选D则become后是个完整句子， 但无从句连接词，错误 参考译文：1992年，前美国参议员之子，阿尔伯特·戈尔·杰，成为了第45任美国副总统。

16. Although Christopher Columbus failed in his original goal, the discoveries A B he did make were as Important than the route to Asia he expected to find. C D 答案：C

分析：句子里有than，则考比较结构，应该用比较级。 改正：as?more

参考译文：克里斯托弗·哥伦布虽然没有到达原定目的地，但是他的实际发现要比他期望找到的通往亚洲的路线重要。

17. Martha Graham, a leading figure in modern dance, made she debut in 1920 A B C with the Denishawn School. D

答案：B

分析：she为人称代词的主格形式，而made谓语后应接宾格。 改正：she?her 参考译文：玛莎·格雷厄姆是杰出的现代舞舞者，她于1920年作为丹尼斯肖恩舞蹈学院的成员首次登台演出。

18. In the United States, the federal government is responsible to regulating A B

the working conditions in factories. C D 答案:B

分析：responsible to=对…有反应。responsible for=负责… 改正：to?for

参考译文：在美国，联邦政府负责规范工厂里的工作条件。

19. Jupiter is a gaseous planet with. an atmosphere composed most of hydrogen A B C and helium. D

答案：C

分析：副词（mostly）修饰介词短语。 改正：most?mostly

参考译文：木星是一颗气态行星，周围大气主要由氢和氦组成。

20. Throughout her career Georgia O'Keeffe paid meticulous attention to her A B

craft; her brushes were always clean, her colors fresh and brightness. C D 答案：D

分析：and引导的平行结构，fresh adj.前后词性应一致对应为形容词。 改正：brightness?bright 参考译文：在乔治亚·奥基夫的职业生涯中，她始终细致的对待技艺，她的画笔总是干净的， 她的颜料总是鲜艳而明亮。

21. Hydrogen the nine most abundant element in the Earth's crust, is an A B C odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas. D 答案：A

分析：基数词和序数词的用法弄错，谓语，主语都是单数，不可能用基数修饰。 改正：nine?ninth

参考译文：氢是一种无嗅、无色、无味的气体，在地壳所含的丰富元素中，名列第九。

22. Salamanders are frequently to be find in moist, wooded areas. A B C D 答案：B

分析：谓语为被动语态，原形错误.句中有frequently,表示一般现在式。所以不能用to be 表示将来。

改变：to be find?found

参考译文：蝾螈通常在潮湿和树木茂盛的地区被发现。

23. Steam engines have been replaced in most cases by more economical and A B C efficiency devices, such as the electric motor. D 答案：D

分析：and引导的平行结构，前后词性一致，应都为形容词 改正：efficiency?efficient

参考译文：蒸汽机已经基本被电动机这样更经济高效的装置取代。

24. Traditionally, the Fourth of July is celebrated in the United States with

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