强调句型、倒装、省略、替代、it用法热点、考点

强调句、倒装、省略、替代、it用法热点、考点

强调句型、倒装、省略、替代、it的语法

【要点点拨】1 强调句型 高考命题导向：“It is/was…who/that…”强调句型是重要的句型之一，是高考考查的重点之一。此句型可强调主语、宾语、状语。如果强调谓语时，用do/does/did+动词原形。高考通常考查强调句与几个易混句型连词的使用和强调句的问句。 （强调句型注意事项见下表）

【要点点拨】2 倒装 英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时为了强调

或平衡句子结构，英语中常用倒装。倒装句通常有两种基本形式：完全倒装和部分倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装；只将助动词，be动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。

一．部分倒装

助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如： Neither could he see through your plan.

So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words. Doesn't her invitation appeal to you 1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装

在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：

I shall never forgive him.

_______________________我永远不会宽恕他。 He seldom goes out for dinner.

_______________________ ____他很少出去吃饭。 She hardly has time to listen to music.

__________________________________. 她几乎没时间听音乐。 He little realizes how important this meeting is.

______________________________________. 他不明白这个会议的重要性。 We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.

__________________________________________ 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

【注意】 (1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序： He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped.

___________________________________________________. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 (2)某些起副词作用的介短，含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：At no time/Under no circumstances(决不)/On no account (决不)/In no way/ No sooner….(than)(一…..就) On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。 但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序： In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装

当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

注意：only放在句首，但不是修饰状语，而是修饰某一个单一的名词时候，则不需要倒装结构。

Only the one who gets the first can be chosen as the leader. 3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装

副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装

当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：

You are young and ______. 你年轻，我也年轻。

She likes music and ___________. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。

(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：

You aren’t young and ________. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。

She hasn’t read it and ______. 她没有读它，我也没有读。

(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别： \昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

\.\爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”

（3表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用 “So it is/was with sb / sth.”回答。

---Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. ---So it is with his father.

二、全部倒装

谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如： Out came his guest.

On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay. There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago. 1. There be 结构及其变体。 e.g. There is a box on the table.

a.. There be结构的倒装句型中，there后还可接lie, live,stand, seem to be等。 例如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 2. 某些副词在句首，且句子主语为名词时。 （1）. 表地点的副词here, there.. here, Here are my replies to your questions. Here comes the bus. (2). 表时间的副词now, then. Then came the time to part. Now comes your turn.

(3) . 表方位的副词。in, out , off, back, down, away,等。 Away run the frightened tiger.

Down flew the eagle to seize the chickens.

注意：(1) 代词做主语时候，此结构不用倒装。 Here you are . / Out he rushed.

(2) 此结构不用进行时态。常用的谓语动词有：be / come/ go/ lie/ live/ remain/ stand等，表示位置静止或者移动的词。

3. 介词或介词短语放在句首的情况。 From the valley came a frightening sound.

In this chapter will be found a satisfactory story.

三． 某些特殊倒装结构

1. 在if虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were， had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。

e.g. Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you. Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad.

Should he come （=If he should come）， tell him to ring me up.

2. as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。 e.g. Proud as they are，(=Though/Although they are proud) they are afraid to see me. Hard as he worded，(=Though/Although he worked hard) he made little progress Child as he is，(=Though/Although he is a child) he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）

注意：（1）若名词是可数名词单数时候，其前面不能加冠词。

（2）though引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，也可以不倒。 3. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 e.g. May you succeed！

Long live the People's Republic of China！

【要点点拨】3 省略句高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫做省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表

【要点点拨】4 替代（避免重复，连接上下文） 1. 名词性替代

one 替代上文出现过的可数名词或词组；ones替代复数名词，指人或物皆可。 The grey horse is stronger than the black one. The new design is much better than the old ones. 2. the(....)one 特指，a (...) one 泛指 3. one与ones的省略：其前若this/these/that/those/which/either/neither/another/the last/the next等限定词时

Joe broke the coffee-pot, so he has to buy another(one).

Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember which (one). 注：one/ones前有定冠词及上下文形成对比的形容词时 I prefer the large vase to the small (one). There are good apples as well as bad (ones).

注：若形成对比的形容词在不定冠词后，则one不省略 I'd prefer a large bottle to a small.(F) I'd prefer a large bottle to a small one.(T)

4.要注意one作不定代词、数词、替代词one的区别 One must love one's country.

One person is enough for the work. My old car is better than the new one. 二 动词替代

1. do 代替动词词组中心词

He swam as well as he did(swam) ten years ago.

有

2. do so 替代动宾或动状结构

Oceans are able to clean themselves, but certain seas are ( clean themselves).

He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so?

not able to do so

3. do so代替动宾结构时，so可用it/that/this取代。it指具体事物. --Why don't you do the experiment?

--Ok, I've got a better idea .Why don't we do it together. 三 分句性替代

1. so替代肯定的陈述句（肯定答语中）在

believe/be afraid/expect/fear/hope/imagine/say/tell/think/suppose等词后 --A we late? --I'm afraid so.

--Your father and me were friends when young. --I've been told so.2. not 替代否定的陈述句在think/believe/suppose/expect/hope/guess/be afraid 等词后

--Is there going to be a meeting tonight? --I suppose not.

I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so. 注：此结构不用于guess和hope,这两个词后仅用not Does the bell ring in the kitchen? I don't think so.

【要点点拨】5 it的语法 一 实义it

1.代表提到过的事

--Would you like me to carry your bag? --No,thanks. I can manage it myself.

--We've been invited to the ball at the palace. --Really? I can't believe it. 2.指代一个情况不祥的人

(The door bell rings) Go and open the door,Miss Green.It may be the police. 3. do it /so 指做提到过的那件事 You promised to write the article. You must do it. 二虚义it

1. 无具体意义，表时间、距离、天气、季节、气候、温度、自然环境等 In Britain it is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. What time is it by your watch? It's about 500 yards from here. It was very quite in the cafe. 2.表一般或笼统的情况 --Why was that?

--It's like this, we black people want equal rights. 3.用于指时间的句型

1)It is /was time +since....（若为非延续动词，意思是“做......已经多长时间了；若为延续性动词，则意思是“不做......多长时间了”

It is 15 years since she left.

It has been two years since I smoked . It is two years since he was in the army. 2) It is/was time for sb to do sth/for sth

It's time that...... 从句用虚拟，即did或should do) It's one's first/second...time that...从句用完成时 It's (not) be time before....

But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before.(100年后才能恢复到原来的样子）

It was not long before the thief was caught.

注：肯定句:\多久后才......\否定句：“用不了多久就......\三 、先行（形式）it

1. 作形式宾语，代表不定式、动名词或名词性从句 He found it impossible to continue living in Germany. Do you consider it any good trying again.

I must make it clear that I'll always support you.

注： it 还可用于enjoy/hate/like/love等表情感的动词后 I don't like it when you shout at me.

I hate it when people speak with their mouths full of food. 2.作形式主语，代表不定式、动名词、名词性从句

It's important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country. It's no use talking to him about it. It isn't decided when we shall set off.

It's certain that fuels cause a lot of pollution.

3.It doesn't matter为固定句型，其后有时可跟从句 --I'm sorry I'm late. --It doesn't matter.

It doesn't matter what you say./how you are dressed. Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman. 四 强调句型it

1. It is/was...that/who/whom...

It was me that /who /whom he blamed.

It was we that /who held a meeting in the club yesterday. 2. Was/Is ....that/who...?

Was it Tom who/that broke the glass? 3. 问词+is/was...that/who...?

What is it that you want me to do? 【各个击破】

1. Here ______you want to see.

A. comes the comrade B. comes a comrade C. the comrade comes D. is coming a comrade 2. Now_____ your turn to keep guard.

A. there is B. is going C. comes D. has come 3. Spring begins in March, then _______ . A. April and May come B. April is coming

C. come April and May D. is April coming 4. He has finished his work,__________ . A. I have finished so B. so finished I C. so can I D. so have I

5. He can hardly drive a car, ________ .

A. so can’t I B. can’t I either C. I can’t too D. neither can I 6. _______ than they started to work.

A. No sooner they had got to the plant B. No sooner did they get to the plant C. No sooner had they got to the plant D. As soon as they got to the plant 7. Not until Mr. Smith came to China_____ what kind of a country she is. A. did he know B. he knew C. he didn’t know D. he could know 8. Across the river _______ .

A. lies a new built bridge B. lies a newly built bridge C. a new built bridge lies D. a newly built bridge lies

9. So fast ____that it’s difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travels B. travels the light C. do light travels D. does light travel

10. Not only ______the data fed into it, but it can also analyse them. A. can the computer memorize B. the computer can memorize C. do the computer memorize D. can memorize the computer 11. ______talk about the importance of English study. A. Little need I B. Little I need C. Little did I need D. Little I needed

12. ________ ill-mannered,_____ the laziest and most irresponsible creature you could ever hope to meet.

A. Not only is he … but he is also B. Not only is he … but also is he C. Not only he is … but also is he D. Not only be he … but also he be 13. _______ got outside than it began to rain.

A. Not sooner I had B. No sooner had I C. No sooner I D. I no sooner had got 14._____did Anne realize that there was danger. A. On entering the store

B. After he had entered the store C. Only after entering the store D. As soon as he entered the store

15.Very seldom _that two clocks or watches exactly agree. A. you find B. you will find

C. you do find D. do you find

16. ---You think everything will be all right in time. ---______. A. So I do B. So I think C. Nor do I D. So do I 17. Little ____ that John would become a famous writer.

A. we thought B. we think C. did we think D. we think of 18.---- My brother had a bad cold last week, ----_____. .

A. so had I B. so I had C. so did I D. so I did

19. Not only ___ to New York but also ___there for a time. A. has he been … he worked B. has he been … did he work C. he has been … did he work D. he has gone … did he work 20. Not only a writer but also ______here.

A. a doctor were wanted B. were a doctor wanted C. a doctor was wanted D. was a doctor wanted

21. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages __________ attracted the audience’s interest.

A. so that B. what C. in which D. that 22. Neither _____ read, nor_____ to write. A. can he … can he B. can he … he can C. he can…. Can he D. he can … he can 23. Not Until _____the work _____to bed.

A. did he finish … he went B. he finished … he went C. he finished … did he go D. he finished … had he gone 24. It was a year ago _____I first met him here.

A. which B. that C. in which D. when 25. Who is it ____is waiting outside the room?

A. who B. whom C. which D. that 26. It was not until 11 o’clock ____ the experiment. A. did he finish B. that he finished C. when they finished D. that did he finish

27. Barely had they seated themselves hurriedly in the theater_____ the curtain went up. A. than B. when C. as soon as D. before 28. ---I’d rather stay at home than go to see a film, -- -_____. A. neither had he B. neither would he C. so had he D. so would he 29. Often ____the girl sing in her room.

A. hears he B. he hears C. does he hear D. does hears he

30. On the top of the hill _____ where I once visited the monk. A. a temple stands B. does a temple stand C. a temple stands there D. stands a temple 31. Was it because he was ill____ he asked for leave? A. and B. that C. that’s D. so

32. Is it in that factory ____this kind of cat is made? A. in which B. where C. that D. which 33. Not a single song____ at yesterday’s party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing

34. Not only _____ their money, but they were also in danger of losing their lives. A. lost they B. they lost C. did they lose D. they did lose

35. Barely ____ time to catch the bus.

A. did he has B. he has C. has he D. did he have 36. On the stairs _____ in red.

A. a small dark-haired girl was sitting B. was sitting a small dark-haired girl C. sitting a small dark-haired girl was D. was a small dark-haired girl sitting 37.-- “May I use your calculator” -- “ _____ .”

A. Here is it B. Here are you C. Here the calculator is D. Here you are 38.__ hot is the sun that we cannot go out at present.

A. Very B. Too C. So D. Such 39. _____ do I get invited into his office.

A. Only B. Rarely C. Not only D. Never before 40. A few miles further on_______ .

A. the city lies of Springfield B. does the city of Springfield lie C. lies the city of Springfield D. where lies the city of Springfield 41. Which sentence is right?

A. Do the great Chinese people live long ! B. Long live the great Chinese people !

C. Long will the great Chinese people live ! D. Long live for the great Chinese people ! 42. Which sentence is right?

A. May you succeed ! B. You may succeed! C. Succeed may you ! D. Succeed you may! 43. Very important in the farmers’ life____ .

A. the radio weather report is

B. the radio weather report has been C. is the radio weather report

D. have been the radio weather report

44. His parents are always strict with him . Only after _______ his homework _______ to go out and play with his friends.

A. he has finished , was he allows B. he has finished , he is allowed C. he had finished , was he allowed D. he finished , is he allowed

45. Only in this way ______expect to get over so many difficulties .

A. we are sure to B. can we C. that we can D. that can we

46. Was it during the Second World War _____ his family all died?

A. that B. then C. when D. in which

47. I really don’t know _____ it was that answered the phone this morning.

A. why B. who C. how D. whether

48. It was ten years ____ he returned to his hometown and set out to revenge his dead father.

A. since B. that C. before D. when

49.Beneath our feet _____ that our life depends on for food and clothing.

A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lies the earth D. does the earth lie 50. He’ll never succeed , _____ hard he tires.

A. whatever B. despite C. though D. however 51.--David has made great progress recently.

--____ and ____.

A. So he has, so you have B. So he has, so have you C. So has he, so have you D.So has he , so have you. 52. I hate____ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. these D. them

53. ---Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.

---I know____ nearby. Come on, I ’ll show you. A. one B. it C. some D. that 54.–Did you find your pen yesterday?

–No, I didn’t find ____. But I’ve bought____. A. it; it B. one; it C. it; one D. one; one 55.____ was not until yesterday that he realized that he was wrong.

A. That B. It C. This D. He [答案]

强调句和倒装句与省略：1-5 ACCDD 6-10 CABDA 11-15 AABCD 16-20 DCCAC 21-25 DACBD 26-30 BBDCD 31-35 BCCCD 36-40 BDCBC 41-45 BACDB 46-50 ABCCD 51-55 BAACB

47. I really don’t know _____ it was that answered the phone this morning.

A. why B. who C. how D. whether

48. It was ten years ____ he returned to his hometown and set out to revenge his dead father.

A. since B. that C. before D. when

49.Beneath our feet _____ that our life depends on for food and clothing.

A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lies the earth D. does the earth lie 50. He’ll never succeed , _____ hard he tires.

A. whatever B. despite C. though D. however 51.--David has made great progress recently.

--____ and ____.

A. So he has, so you have B. So he has, so have you C. So has he, so have you D.So has he , so have you. 52. I hate____ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. these D. them

53. ---Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.

---I know____ nearby. Come on, I ’ll show you. A. one B. it C. some D. that 54.–Did you find your pen yesterday?

–No, I didn’t find ____. But I’ve bought____. A. it; it B. one; it C. it; one D. one; one 55.____ was not until yesterday that he realized that he was wrong.

A. That B. It C. This D. He [答案]

强调句和倒装句与省略：1-5 ACCDD 6-10 CABDA 11-15 AABCD 16-20 DCCAC 21-25 DACBD 26-30 BBDCD 31-35 BCCCD 36-40 BDCBC 41-45 BACDB 46-50 ABCCD 51-55 BAACB

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