新视野大学英语4期末考试范围

本材料为新视野大学英语4 Unit1--Unit5 Section A课后练习

根据老师的出题范围有所删减

Unit 1 ③

1. As the gender barriers (crumbled) , the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.

2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can (discern) customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.

3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to (surpass) his personal goals.

4. He is a man with a(n) (shrewd) business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.

5. The (conversion) of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s. 6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to (distort) the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled. 7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as (radiant) as a man in his forties. 8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but (ingenious) code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.

9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got (stumped) and didn't know what to say.

10. This newly established university supports the (proposition) that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.

Unit 2 ③

1. We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school (deficient) in literary and reasoning skills.

2. In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible (prosecution) if he violates the law.

3. The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic (outrage) as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices. 4. The delicious meal (appeased) our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day.

5. The military insists on (conformity) in many areas, for example, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity.

6. My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n) (strand) of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.

7. When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and shoes (complement) her dress.

8. It was necessary to provide living places for (transient) immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.

9. They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen

(appliances) , including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker.

10. She wanted a beautiful and elegant (outfit) to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn't find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.

Unit 3 ③

1. The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of (exquisite) beauty.

2. As the sun (dispersed) the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life.

3. The big company (decentralized) their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market.

4. It is not easy to (deduce) a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing.

5. Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard (fixture) of most modern kitchens.

6. He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that (frugality) is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption.

7. He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to (administrate) their programs.

8. When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o'clock that night, she gave a rather (disjointed) response, which caught the detective's attention.

9. (Reviving) the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president.

10. A considerable period of time has to (elapse) before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes.

Unit 4 ③

1. I will conduct a top-to-bottom review of the state departments, agencies, and commissions, and seek to (consolidate) or to eliminate them where appropriate. 2. To a 10-year-old girl, you need to offer understanding about her wishes and help her (differentiate) between fantasy and reality.

3. When we heard about the (dreadful) suffering of the children and adults, our primary instinct, like millions of others, was to shed tears.

4. It was when we started living together that we found, to our sadness and surprise, that we were (incompatible) .

5. It was (alleged) that he had taken a $50,000 bribe before the project was transferred to another company.

6. The budget proposal has been described as \ (bizarre) \people objecting to it.

7. It seems that what people believe and what researchers have found out about the (correlation) between wealth and happiness are more different than overlapping.

8. Current expenditure in this museum is (negligible) in comparison with the huge amount which foreign museums of similar standing spend.

9. The air and rivers in this area are getting cleaner, and attempts to preserve animal species and their (habitats) have been mainly successful.

10. If you can provide rational and (intelligible) debates from an unbiased point of view, maybe we will all learn something.

Unit 5 ③

1. Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to (fabricate) anything to mislead the public.

2. He does not work full time there, but he has been the (nominal) head of the organization's scholarship program for five years.

3. As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important (temporal) clues — dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars. 4. In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the (reciprocal) influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.

5. The label \Choices\on the front of food packages usually (denotes) products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content.

6. The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three (consecutive) years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits.

7. In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 (spectators) were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.

8. The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them (muttering) something about going out for a movie with friends.

9. This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a (composite) of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.

10. You shouldn't feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or (malicious) in his words.

Unit 1 ⑦

1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings (were dripping with) green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.

2. As urban populations exported finished goods (in exchange for) raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.

3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames (flared up) nearby.

4. Biology teachers often (make an analogy between) the heart and a pump in order to help students understand how the heart works.

5. They would like to (set a date for) their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.

6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to (1) (make) a fool (2) (out of) him in front of the entire class.

7. The couple (made a pact) never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn't have to be looked

after by strangers.

8. The president said that it's the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he (had appealed to) the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas.

Unit 2 ⑦

1. Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health and fitness (in hopes of) introducing people to healthier lifestyles.

2. Do you know who (came up with) the idea of having cheesecake for dessert yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy.

3. The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after dinner she apologized for being such poor company and (excused herself) to bed. 4. When I was young, I (was obsessed with) maps, and I sometimes spent the whole day charting land routes from one point to another.

5. To make immigrants comfortable (reaching out to) police for help, more than 70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status.

6. Mary was often accused of \afraid to (voice an opinion on) subjects about which she was knowledgeable. 7. At the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to (live up to) his campaign promise.

8. Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers (in terms of) customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.

Unit 3 ⑦

1. Because of his quiet personality, many people said they would not elect him president of the institute though they (1) (held) him (2) (in high regard) . 2. Peter graduated from college in June and started his work in the auto company in August. (In the interim) , he took a trip around the country.

3. When his advertisement using the new digital technique drew as many as 5,000 responses overnight, he knew he (was onto something) .

4. When students are more involved in their academic and extracurricular activities, they will experience a richer campus life, which (in turn) benefits their development.

5. The scientists of the research center keep the good habit of summing up their experience (from time to time) .

6. Whenever the older kids in school tried to (pick on) her brother, she would not be afraid to stand up for him.

7. If he doesn't try to get a ticket now, he's probably not going to get one. So, he might want to (take a stab at) it one more time.

8. There are a lot of reasons for replacing your hard drive or adding a new one to your old computer, but they all (boil down to) the need for more space.

Unit 4 ⑦

1. After the painter's move to Paris in 1904, Picasso's Rose Period paintings (took on) a warmer and more optimistic mood than the previous Blue Period.

2. There are a number of different occasions when you might be (called upon) to make a speech. Therefore, you need to practice how to speak to a large audience.

3. Schools in the US believe that cheating in examinations (runs against the grain) of the \

4. Being a major global concern, rapid population growth is believed by many to (be incompatible with) sustainable management of the environment.

5. It seems that many people have (come through) periods of stress, with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.

6. More and more native plants disappear every year. Saving them is important because our own survival (is bound up) with their fate.

7. It's up to you to (differentiate between) those who have your interests at heart and those who would take advantage of you.

8. Although J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels are written for \ (have struck a chord with) many older readers.

Unit 5 ⑦

1. We chatted for half an hour before he finally (got to the point) : He wanted to work as a business consultant and wondered if I could pass along the names of certain potential clients.

2. Scientists at the research center identified various features that (are attached to) the commodities purchased by female consumers.

3. The three mountain climbers (would have starved to death) if the villagers had not found them lying at the bottom of the valley.

4. The boy looked up timidly at his father who was sitting next to him, but he didn't stop crying. (If anything) , his crying became more intense.

5. Since no one knew how the disease spread, they (were suspicious of) everything, including mosquitoes, swimming pools, and people from other neighborhoods.

6. At the press conference, the government spokesman avoided answering the question about health-care reform directly. Instead he just (wandered around) to talk about the harsh economic situation.

7. Mr. Rogers, whom you met in the museum yesterday, works as a software engineer and plays folk music (on the side) .

8. These schools were selected for our survey because the composition of their student bodies (was representative of) the district's enrollment, which included a large proportion of children from immigrant families.

英译汉 UNIT 1

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。 His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and

constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。 Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. 亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的

人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception. 他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。 He

contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。 His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and even today all aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic study. 他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western philosophical theories. 他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。More than 2,300 years after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential philosophers and scientists. 在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。 UNIT 2

William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent (杰出的) dramatist.人们普遍认为，威廉?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。 His plays have been translated into a vast number of languages and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。 Shakespeare's early works were mostly comedies and histories,莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。 which have the reputation of being among the finest masterpieces produced in these genres (体裁) even today.即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。 Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some of which, like Hamlet and King Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature.后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》和《李尔王》，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。 The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and his universal themes.莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。 He contributed thousands of words to English, many of which have become embedded in the language.他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。 His themes are so universal that they transcend generations to stir the imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide.他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。 Shakespeare has influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries. 数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。His writings remain highly popular today, and they are constantly studied, performed, and

reinterpreted in diverse cultures throughout the world.其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。 Shakespeare will continue to have an enormous impact on future playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, and

scholars.莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。 UNIT 3

With the development of computer science and the Internet technology, social

networking services (SNS) have come to be a widely popular platform to build social

networks or social relations among people in recent years.近年来，随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展，社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。 SNS are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom to share connection, and view and cross the connections within the system.SNS是基于网页的服务，允许个人创建面向公众的个人简介，创建用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网进行浏览和交叉连接。 Social networking sites are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools, allowing users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, interests with people in their network.社交网站多种多样，可整合各种新的信息及通讯工具，并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。 SNS have affected the social life and activity of people in various ways.SNS已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活动。 With its availability on many mobile devices, a social networking service allows the users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other

acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the

Internet.随着各种移动设备对SNS访问的实现，只要能连接上互联网，用户在世界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。 A social networking service can also unite people with common interests and beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人通过群组或其他页面建立联系，同时，由于其网络分布广阔，还能让失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚，这点早已为人所知。 UNIT 4

Baroque architecture is a building style that flourished in Europe between the late 16th and mid-18th century.巴洛克建筑是一种建筑风格，兴盛于16世纪晚期至18世纪中期的欧洲。 It evolved out of Renaissance architecture in Italy, when the Renaissance architects began to get bored of the symmetry (对称) and same old forms they had been using for the past 200 years, and started to make bold, curving and not at all symmetrical buildings called the Baroque buildings.它由意大利文艺复兴时期的建筑发展而来，当时文艺复兴建筑师开始对过去200多年来一直沿用的对称的、一成不变的旧建筑形式感到厌倦，开始建造醒目的、具有曲线性而非对称的巴洛克建筑。 Baroque-style buildings share some common characteristics.巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特征。 Marble, gilt (镀金) and bronze were the materials the Baroque architects used in abundance.大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克建筑师大量使用的材料。 Oval was the most distinct and a very common shape incorporated into Baroque architecture.椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜明且十分常见的形状。 Dramatic use of light is important, and is achieved either through strong light-and-shade contrasts or uniform lighting by means of windows.戏剧性的光照运用也是其重要特征，主要是通过强烈的光影对比或由窗户进入的均匀光线来实现。 Opulent use of color and ornaments is prevalent, as can be seen in the

large-scale frescoes (湿壁画) painted on the ceilings.丰富的色彩和装饰运用也很常见，这从天花板上的大幅壁画中可以看出。 There is usually a central projection that is quite large and juts outward, and domes erected in a pear shape are often seen.巴洛克建筑通常正中还有一个相当大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱顶也

十分常见。 The most well-known Baroque buildings include the St. Paul's Cathedral in the UK and the Palace of Versailles in France.最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英国的圣保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。 Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini were the two main architects of the Baroque era. 杰安?劳伦佐?贝尼尼和弗朗西斯科?博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。 UNIT 5

The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation at the dawn of modern European history.文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。它在现代欧洲史的开端时期开创了一个科学革命和艺术变革时代。 It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe, immediately following the Middle Ages and spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century.它始于意大利，之后蔓延到欧洲其他国家。它紧接在中世纪之后，贯穿14至17世纪。 The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of interest in classical learning, wisdom and values from the Ancient Greek and Roman eras.文艺复兴时期的特点是，人们对古希腊和古罗马时期的古典知识、智慧和价值观重新焕发了兴趣。 Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study and searched for realism and human emotion in art.文艺复兴时期的学者在学术中采用人文方法，在艺术上追寻现实主义和人类情感。 Scientists no longer accepted the teachings of the Church at face value.科学家们不再一味地接受教堂传播的说教。 Instead, they studied the natural world through their own observation and experimentation.相反，他们通过观察和实验来研究自然世界。 Likewise, artists developed new techniques and achieved more advanced effects by applying

mathematics and optics (光学) to paintings, sculpture and other art forms.同样，艺术家们将数学和光学运用到绘画、雕塑及其他艺术形式中，从而发展出新技术，并取得了更高水平的艺术效果。 The Renaissance profoundly changed the

European intellectual life in the early modern period.文艺复兴深刻地改变了现代早期的欧洲知识界。 Through the rediscovery of ancient texts, it triggered both a rebirth of classical learning and a rebirth of European culture in general.它通过对古代文献的重新发现，触发了古典知识和整个欧洲文化的重生。Its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, and many other fields.文学、哲学、艺术、政治、科学及其他许多领域都能感受到它的影响。

smart(decisions) error(problem)

affected by(confirmation bias) occurs(carefully) people to(strong) is that(wasted)

because(by...biases) text is(-making)

surgery(life) not true(her) screen（image）

happiness(beauty) soul(events) barren(thoughts) text(grow) idea(spirit)

Starbucks(beans)

succeed(commerce and community) year(background) business(1983) PepsiCo(beverage) employees(workforce) America(of service) father(Guilty)

article(nature) debris(author) cords(experiments) members(other) that(at home) life(Critical) to(nature) article(mocking)

success(countries) Emirates(deal) UAE(company) trip(UAE)

Singapore(Asia) text(others)

better(public settings) the text(examples)

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