第二部分第五讲非谓语动词

第五讲 非谓语动词

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一、非谓语动词作定语

非谓语 动词 位置 单个的现在分词多前置，现在分词短语一般后置 单个的过去分词多前置，过去分词短语常后置 后置 语态特征 时态 特征 现在 分词 doing表示主动being done表示被动。 动作正 在进行 过去 分词 被动 动作已 经完成 不定式 to do表示主动，to be done表示被动 动作尚 未发生

①(2014·高考江西卷)Dad was asleep next to her, resting his head on his arms. 爸爸把他的头靠在他的胳膊上，靠着她睡觉。

②In some languages，100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.在一些语言中，100个单词占了日常对话所使用的所有单词的一半。

③(2013·高考四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年即将竣工的机场将有助于促进这个地区旅游业的发展。

温馨提醒 表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人??的”；动词-ed形式，意为

“(人)感到??的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。

二、非谓语动词作状语 类型 用法 1.表示目的 2.表示结果 不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。 表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主例句 ①(2014·高考湖北卷)He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference. ②George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. ①(2013·高考湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light. 不定式 作状语 现在分 词作状 语 一般 式 doing 语是主动关系。 完成 式 被动 式 过去分词作状语 having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 表示动作发生在谓having been 语动作之前，与句done 子的主语是被动关系。 ②(2013·高考大纲全国卷)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington. ③(2014·高考江西卷)Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. (2013·高考安徽卷)Founded in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。 三、非谓语动词作宾语

情况 只接不定式 作宾语的动词 常用动词 hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect，wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，agree，afford，determine，promise，happen mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practise，suggest，finish，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，consider can’t help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) 只接动名词 作宾语的动词 或短语 两 者 都 可 以 意 义 基 本 相 同 意义相反 need，want，require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式) stop to do(停止手中事，去做另一件事)，stop doing(停止正在做的事) remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)， remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生) go on to do(接着做另一件事)， go on doing(接着做同一件事) mean to do(打算做，企图做)， mean doing(意意义不同 try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力)， try doing(试着去做，看有何结果) 思是，意味着) can’t help to do(不能帮忙做)，can’t help doing(忍不住要做)

①Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。

②I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。

③I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. 在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是忘记了关灯。 四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语

类型 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑 关系及时间 例句 不 定 式 ask，beg，expect，get， order，tell， want，wish， 主谓关系。强调动encourage(带to) 作将发生或已经完have，notice，see，成。 watch， hear，feel，let，make(不带to) ①I asked him to help me. ②I heard him call me several times. 现 在 分 词 过 去 分 词 感官动词 (notice，see， watch，hear等)， find，keep， have，feel， leave等 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成。 动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态。 I found her listening to the radio. (2013·高考北京卷)When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 五、非谓语动词作主语、表语 动名 表示抽象的、一词 般的行为 it常作形式主不定 语，不定式为真式 正的主语 表示具体的动不定 作，特别是将来式 的动作 (2014·高考江苏卷)Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China，so she probably kept my existence a secret. ①To see is to believe./Seeing is believing. ②It is important to respect people. ①Their job is to build houses. ②His greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 主 语 表 语 六、非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语 动词 形式 意义 不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。 谓语动词发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。 不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。 分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。 表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生。 表示被动与完成 一般式 不定式 进行式 完成式 主动：to do 被动：to be done to be doing 主动：to have done 被动：to have been done 主动：doing 动词-ing 形式 一般式 被动：being done 主动：having done 被动：having been done done 完成式 过去分词 温馨 提醒 having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可互换，但having been done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动。

①Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film. 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。

②His first book to be published in 2016 is based on a true story.2016年即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。

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Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(2014·高考北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ____________(recognize)．

答案：being recognized 2．(2015·高考陕西卷)It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like ____________(go) for a swim? 答案：going 3．(2014·高考江西卷)He is thought ____________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

答案：to have acted 4．(2014·高考四川卷)— I hope to take the computer course.

— Good idea.____________( find out) more about it，visit this website. 答案：To find out

5．(2014·高考大纲全国卷)Today there are more airplanes ____________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.

答案：carrying 6．(2014·高考福建卷)For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ____________(connect)．

答案：connected 7．(2014·高考山东卷)There is a note pinned to the door ____________(say) when the shop will open again.

答案：saying 8．(2014·高考江苏卷)The lecture ____________(give)，a lively question-and-answer session followed.

答案：having been given 9．(2014·高考浙江卷)Annie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____________(appoint) to guard her.

答案：appointed 10．(2014·高考江西卷)When it comes to __________(speak) in public，no one can match him.

答案：speaking

11．____________(work out) the complicated program，I have to stay up late on holidays. 答案：To work out 12．____________(spend)two and a half years in China over several visits，I don’t remember ever going through a phase we in the US call “cultural shock”．

答案：Having spent

13．US house prices have risen by 12.4% over the 12 months to the end of July，completely ____________(ruin) his plan to buy another apartment.

答案：ruining

14．My daughter stopped screaming immediately and looked up at me with tears ____________(roll) down her cheeks.

答案：rolling 15．Chinese citizens，____________(allow) to enter Maldives visa-free last year，have already included the country into their list of the most popular tourist destinations.

答案：having been allowed

16．—Mum，is the pair of gloves ____________(wash)mine? —Yes.You have to wear another pair. 答案：being washed

17．—How did you get in touch with Mrs.Green? —Well，it seems to me that you’ve forgotten ____________(tell)me her telephone number the other day.

答案：telling

18．—Can those ____________(seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? —No problem，sir! 答案：seated

19．—How did you know the surprising news? —I happened ____________(cover) the event then.

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