全新版大学英语综合教程4（第二版）课后全答案

Unit 1

Part II Reading task Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions

1. It refers to the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2. He expected the conquest of Russia in five weeks.

3. Instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. They let the Russian winter fight the war for them while they bided their time. 4. Napoleon discovered that the occupation of the city was an empty victory because the Russians fled their capital leaving him almost nothing at all.

5. They suffered heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and the Russians' hit-and-run attacks.

6. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile.

7. Hitler began his invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 without a declaration of war. He expected the campaign to last no longer than three months by using the so-called \

8. No, he wasn't. He instructed the Russian people to \German invaders.

9. The people of Leningrad refused to surrender and put up a heroic, stiff resistance. 10. An early, severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed down the German advance on Moscow.

11. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over.

12. The author concludes that the elements of nature must be reckoned with in any

military campaign. Text Organization 1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction —Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.

Part Two Paras 3 -11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union.

Part Four Para 21 Conclusion —The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. 2.

Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas

Section One Paras 12 -13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched-earth policy.

Section Two Paras 14 -18 The battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad. Section Three Paras 19-20 The Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

1) the fierce resistance 2) the long march 3) the devastating enemy 4) bleak 5) launched 6) military might 7) mowed down 8) campaign

9) a painful lesson 10) the aid Vocabulary I. 1.

1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) regions 7) declarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time

11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of 2.

1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out

7) have cut back 8) get through 3.

1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.

2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers' strike.

3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.

4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of

date/obsolete. 4.

1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.

2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.

3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II.

1 During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium . 2 Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off. 3 I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.

4 Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. III. 1 fall ill

2 lay dead at home for two weeks

3 dropped dead from a heart attack 4 fell asleep. 5 marrying young

6 to sit still for longer than a few minutes Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1．

1) invasion 2) stand in the way

3) Conquest 4) catching (Stalin) off his guard 5) launching 6) declaration 7) campaign 8) drag on

9) reckon with 10) bringing (the German advance) to a halt 2．

1) allow 2) reckoned 3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly 6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage 9) observing 10) powerful II. Translation 1.

1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.

2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.

3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.

4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.

5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. 2.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

Part III Home Reading Task Comprehension Check 1. d 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. d

Translation

1. 6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。 2. 然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，希望在这个时候天气会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，可能性微乎其微。

3. 要是在原定地区登陆的话，德军海岸炮群无疑会拼命抵抗并给盟军造成惨重伤亡。在新

登陆区的登陆几乎没有遭到任何抵抗。

4. 尽管困难重重，艾森豪威尔在与恶劣天气的赌博中赢得了胜利。

Language Practice 1.

1) d 2) h 3) b 4) a 5) f 6) e 7) c 8) g 2.

1) boast 2) obstacles

3) was concerned 4) call (it) off 5) paid off 6) was pinned down 7) contesting 8) prior to 9) hold out 10) objective 11) responsible for 12) in case

Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice

Model paper

Can Man Triumph over Nature?

When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.

Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms

of disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.

However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it. (154 words) Unit 2

Part I Listening Task Script for the recording:

We're going to see more and more automation as time goes on. Making a car that goes more than 100 km/h isn't a huge engineering problem — but human drivers can't respond fast enough to make those speeds safe. Personally, I'm all in favor of letting the car drive itself. I'd much rather trust my life to the efforts of engineers and programmers than the angry, sleepy, distracted, incompetent, drunken people who are behind a lot of wheels now.

It's often been said that anyone could have predicted the automobile, but only a science-fiction writer could have predicted the traffic jam. Well, here I am predicting the end of traffic jams: computer-controlled cars won't get in each other's way, and they won't slow down as their drivers gaze at accidents — in part because there will be many fewer accidents, and in part because the passengers in the car will be able to get a decent look without the car going at a slower speed.

There really are a lot of pluses to the self-driving car: you can sleep, drink, read, watch TV, do work — whatever you want — while getting safely and efficiently to your destination.

For my money, we can't make the transition soon enough. \the past; there's no reason driving should be frustrating, or why car accidents should be the leading cause of death of men under the age of 25.

Still, there will be a desire to get out on the open highway and just drive — people do enjoy that, and it won't entirely disappear. But in the future when we talk about hybrid cars we'll mean cars that can be both self-driven and controlled by a driver; the terms \and \yeah, you can get out on the highway when the mood strikes you — but most of the other vehicles will still be driving themselves. After Listening

1. the efforts of engineers and programmers 2. traffic jams

3. the leading cause of death 4. a hybrid

Part II Reading task Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions

1. The automobile industry ranked as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.

2. Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.

3. Because it is sensors that will enable vehicles and roads to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.

4. Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the engine.

5. The radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If you make a serious driving mistake the computer will sound an immediate warning.

6. If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.

7. GPS makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.

8. With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.

9. It is expected to put smart cars on smart highways.

10. They are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the \driver\

11. They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. By 2020, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.

12. Smart highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion. Text Organization 1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.

Part Two Paras 4–9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.

Part Three Paras 10 – 13 GPS and \highways, which will benefit us in a number of ways.

9) implemented 10) realistic 11) component 12) by means of

Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice Sample Résumé Hong Qin

Rm. 316, New College Dormitory

Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 Tel: (025) 89709399 Email: hqin@yahoo.com.cn Employment Objective

Reporter position with a major newspaper or magazine Education

Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2010 ? Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale ? Proficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the Internet ? Courses taken included:

Reporting Public Affairs Feature Writing

Computer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass Communication Writing for Mass Communication Advertising and Public Relations World Press Systems Advanced Newspaper Design Employment Experience

Reporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing,

Jiangsu 210005, June 2009 to August 2009

? Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columns ? Interviewed contributors both over the phone and in person

? Met every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports by specified deadlines

Assistant Editor/Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, July, 2008 — present

? Responsible for reporting student activities at Xuanwu University ? Developed fortnightly stories without missing a single deadline Awards

Second Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in Nanjing, 2009 Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2008 Professional Interests

Member of the Journalists’ Association of Jiangsu Province Vice chairman of the Student Union at Xuanwu University Proficient in both Chinese and English Personal Data

Date of Birth: June 27, 1987

Place of Birth: Jinan, Shandong Province, China Nationality: Chinese Sex: Male Health: Excellent

Hobbies: Photography, music, chess

References and writing samples available upon request.

Unit 3

Part I Listening Task Script for the recording:

As you battle the competitive job market, your résumé is going to be the key weapon you use to get hired. For better or for worse, this is your calling card to the recruiting directors of the business world.

There is one key piece of advice that seems to get lost on most people, one of the most important things you can do when applying for a job. And it is this: Target your résumé. People, we work in advertising. What do you think your résumé is? It’s just an ad for you. Just like a good ad targets its consumer, a good résumé hits the target right between the eyes and says, “You have to hire me.” In this case, the consumer is the recruiting director at the company where you’d like to work. Never forget that.

Here’s what I mean: Recruiting directors are a practical lot. They want to find the “easiest” possible person to hire. That is, someone who fits their job description perfectly.

If the job description says they are looking for an account director with, at least, 5 years of experience and a background in package goods, that’s exactly who they want to hire. Now, that doesn’t mean they won’t consider anyone else, but where do you think they are going to start?

If you have more than five or so years of experience, you can start your résumé with a summary. A summary captures about four or five bullet points that show why you’re a perfect match for the job. In our example above, that first bullet point would say something like:

Account director with more than 5 years of experience leading diverse agency teams as large as 18 on package-goods accounts including Unilever and Hershey.

When they pick up that résumé, you want them to nod and think, “This person is perfect for the job.” After Listening

1. calling card 2. target one’s résumé 3. job description 4. summary Part II Reading Task Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions: 1. He runs a manufacturing company. 2. Almost all of them were no.

3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified. 4. Prepare to win.

5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.

6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court. 7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does. 8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different. 9. His efforts to make a difference.

10. He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.

11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.

12. Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.

Text Organization 1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview. Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee. Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do. 2.

Suggestions Examples

1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan

2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player

3) Believe in yourself, 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the even when no one else does. Vietnam veteran.

4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings (5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered (9) prepared (10) prospective Language Focus I. 1.

1) rude 2) physically

the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your newspaper. I believe that my qualifications match the requirements you have listed for the position.

As a journalism major at Xuanwu University in Nanjing, my academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and editing skills, particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college, English, Reporting Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations have been my favorite subjects. I would like to utilize my interests and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as well-known as your own.

My résumé reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research work and reporting. I greatly enjoyed work as a professional reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines, all of which I successfully met.

I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was admitted to the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province last year. I was the vice chairman of the Students' Union in my university for two years. The enclosed résumé provides further information about my experience and background.

I wonder if it would be possible for us to meet one of these days so that you could learn more about me and I could find out more about the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025) 9709399 Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Hong Qin Hong Qin Unit 4

Part I Listening Task

Script for the recording:

Globalization is the latest proof of the virtues of free trade first advocated in 1817 by the British economist David Ricardo. According to him, trade is always beneficial because it encourages nations to specialize in the products at which they are best and import those they are less good at. So if a developed country like the U.S. is much better at making computers than a developing country like China but only a little better at making sweat shirts, the U.S. should concentrate on making computers, and American colleges should source their logoed goods in Guangdong province. Both the U.S. and China would benefit. However, Nobel prize winner Paul Samuelson, a professor emeritus at M.I.T., argues that if the poor country suddenly learns how to make more efficiently the goods in which the rich country specializes—say, if China becomes brilliant at making computers—then the rich country will no longer benefit from free trade. In fact, wages in the rich country will fall. Globalization's defenders reply by saying, Relax: it will never happen. First, it is unrealistic to assume that China or India will suddenly excel in high-end, high-technology innovation. For the past few months, there have been reports of skilled-labor shortages in the most economically advanced areas of China. Second, free traders argue that even if China and India become advanced economies almost overnight, they will look just like Germany and Japan. And nobody argues that trade between rich economies doesn't benefit everyone. After Listening

1. (the virtues of) free trade

2. make the products at which they are best and import those they are less good at 3. no longer benefit from it

4. high-end, high-technology goods. Part II Reading Task

Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions:

1. Because he feels he is completely international.

2. What he means is that if one has a network of friends and enjoy what one is doing, one can function well anywhere in the world.

3. It refers to a member of the international business élite who treks each year to the Swiss Alpine town of Davos for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum.

4. The issues include everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology.

5. They all believe that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world

increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. 6. He describes Davos Man as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. 7. Yes, global trade has been around for centuries. In the past, the corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products.

8. It predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.

9. It refers to low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world.

10. Unlike Davos Man, Manila Woman is strongly patriotic.

11. Because he thinks that there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world.

12. Davos Man needs to figure out how to strike a balance on a global scale between being international and being national at the same time. Text Organization 1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1-3 Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum

Part Two Paras 4-5 Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture Part Three Paras 6-8 History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects Part Four Paras 9-11 Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces 2.

1) Davos Man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.

2) Davos Man sees their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. 3) Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.

4) Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

(1) identity (2) birth (3) incidentally (4) annual

(5) networking (6) implications (7) considerable (8) unimpeded (9) interconnected (10) advantageous Language Focus I. 1.

1) advantageous 2) let alone 3) witnessing, vanishing 4) landmark 5) entitled 6) displace

7) Establishment 8) patriotic, strengthen 9) contradictions 10) aspires 11) divorced 12) pendulums 2.

1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart 5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up 8) turn away 3.

1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus. 2) Toyota has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker. 3) Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.

4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research. 5) She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal. 4.

1) China is increasingly popular with foreign companies that have decided to accelerate

their own growth by increasing their investment in the Asian Pacific region.

2) To ensure a steady growth in our national economy, we must make an earnest effort to stimulate our domestic demand and strike a balance between saving and consumption. 3) It is beyond any doubt that green buildings designed now by only a handful of

environment-conscious architects will be endorsed by more and more people and they will be put up on a large scale in the not too distant future. II. Word Formation

Abbreviation Full Term Chinese Meaning WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值 ATM automated teller machine 自动出纳机 VAT value-added tax 增值税

CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 IT information technology 信息技术

IDD international direct dialing 国际直拨电话 MTV music television 音乐电视 Radar radio detecting and ranging 雷达

IOC International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会 VIP very important person 贵宾, 大人物

Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光 CPU central processing unit 中央处理器 III. Usage

1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday. 2) The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.

3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1.

1) academics 2) networking 3) a variety of 4) growth 5) vanish 6) facilitate 7) endorsing 8) outlook

9) sweeping aside 10) patriotic 11) erasing 12) strike a balance 2.

1) aided 2) effects 3) distances 4) connected 5) invested 6) features 7) prevailing 8) qualitatively 9) volume 10) Distinguishing III. Translation 1.

1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.

2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work. 3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.

4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?

5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation

with developing countries. 2.

Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for a job. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish. Part III Home Reading Task Comprehension Check 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. d Translation

1. 如果9/11有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。

2. “全球化疲劳在欧美仍很显著，而在中国和印度这样的地方，你会发现人们急切地想参与到经济扩张进程中来，” 印度国大党的首席经济顾问杰伦? 兰密施说。

3. 印度大多数人是不是还生活在贫穷的乡村？确实如此。我们是不是需要强迫富裕的西方国家进一步开放市场，好让贫穷国家销售它们最擅长的东西：食品和纺织品，以使全球化更

公平呢？当然需要。

4. 一，全球化有优点也有缺点，但如果参与全球化的国家有恰当的制度和管理，它们就能从中获得最大的好处，并且能缓和最不利的方面造成的影响。 Language Practice 1. 1) d 2) f 3) e 4) a 5) b 6) g 7) h 8) c 2.

1) globalizing 2) software 3) stable 4) subsidies 5) A majority of 6) in evidence 7) add to 8) so be it 9) blew up

10) take advantage of 11) phase out 12) You bet Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice Model paper

Is Globalization Welcome?

Is globalization welcome? Yes, it is. Indeed, there is much to be said for it.

To begin with, globalization provides us with a wide range of products. Nowadays you eat McDonald’s and drink Coca-cola; you use a Sony digital camera and wear Puma; you talk over a Nokia mobile phone and drive to work in a Buick.

Furthermore, globalization enables corporations to search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. Take the car for example. A certain brand of car may be designed in Germany, a country known for its automobile

industry. The cars are then manufactured in China where relevant raw materials and labor are comparatively inexpensive. Finally they are sold in some Asian and Latin American countries where they are in great demand. Evidently the way things are done can benefit greatly companies and countries concerned.

Lastly, globalization helps build a more harmonious world. With the world becoming much smaller and people much closer, there must be more and more social and cultural exchanges. As a result, deeper understanding between nations is promoted and consultation prevails over confrontation.

Does globalization cause problems, then? Yes, it does. However, so long as countries try to globalize in a cautious and judicious manner, many of them can be solved. (212 words) Unit 5

Part I Listening Task Script for the recording:

Mr. Swiller was known far and wide as a hard-nosed boss who watched his employees like a hawk. One day, he was making one of his regular tours of the factory when he spotted a young man leaning against a pile of boxes just outside the foreman’s office. Since George, the foreman, wasn’t around, Swiller stood off to the side and watched to see just how long the young man would stand around doing nothing.

The young man yawned, scratched his head, looked at his watch, and sat on the floor for a while. Then he stood up, stretched, yawned again, and leaned back on the pile of boxes. Swiller stepped from his hiding place, and walked up to the young man. “ You!” he shouted. “How much do you make a week?”

The young man looked up indifferently. “Two hundred and fifty dollars,” he said.

Language Sense Enhancement

(1) understanding (2) Within the confines (3) reasonably (4) by nature (5) limitless possibilities (6) our aim (7) fewer desires (8) play by themselves (9) set boundaries (10) or

Vocabulary I. 1.

1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered 2.

1) eat into 2) cling to 3) stand out/stood out 4) wears away 5) set about 6) switch off 7) will be turned loose 8) poured in 3.

1) The unemployment rate is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.

2) Efforts to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.

3) The board was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.

4) Losing just one or two items of expensive clothing can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ?900 and dresses at ?2,000.

5) She has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape. 4.

1) The recent public reaction to a murder case involving a tycoon killed in his office shows growing discontent of ordinary people with the rich. The killing provoked little outrage and few expressions of sympathy for the victim.

2) At the National Tax Convention, a number of speakers mentioned the difference between avoiding tax and evading tax. As they explained, avoiding tax is the act of doing everything possible within the confines of the Tax Law in order to reduce your tax burden. And evading tax is the act of illegally paying less than (or not paying at all) the full amount of tax required by law.

3) Has the ever-increasing pace of modern living gotten you down? Has the quest for more money and more excitement become a burden in your life? Surveys show that today a lot of Americans feel weary of being knocked backwards and sideways just because they are always on the go/seem forever on the go. In their crazy search for fulfillment, they've gotten themselves into situations in which they are not able to cope. II. Confusable Words

1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress, stress 4) tension 2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary III. Usage

1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species— be it an elephant or an orchid —in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?

2) This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened — at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph (测谎器) readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.

3) With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does. 4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1.

(1) switch off (2) obliged (3) on the go (4) cope (5) shortage (6) large quantity of (7) pouring in (8) by nature (9) fraction (10) futile 2.

1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully 4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set 10) respect II. Translation 1.

1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.

2) Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.

3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.

4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building. 5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time. 2.

Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/good money.

Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.

Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process. Part III Home Reading Task Text B

Comprehension Check 1.c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. c Translation

1. 瞬时性主宰着一切。人们发表政治演说时，民意调查人员在听众尚未完全形成看法前，就利用电子装置进行当场测定；快餐店增设了快速通道。

2. 我们人类选择了速度，凭借着速度而繁荣兴旺——其情况超过我们普遍承认的程度。我们快节奏工作、娱乐的本领赋予我们力量。我们为此兴奋不已。

3. 随着脑海中充斥着的这种多路并进状态而来的是一种幸福感。我们总是宁要狂热地工作也不要无聊乏味地生活。“人类从未，也永远不会选择放慢速度，” 历史学家斯蒂芬 ? 克恩说。

4. 如果你抓紧干，你就很可能在技术驱动的世界上获得成功。社会学家也发现，富裕程度和教育程度的提高带来对时间的焦虑。我们总认为自己时间太少。 Language Practice 1.

1) c 2) f 3) e 4) h 5) g 6) a 7) d 8) b 2.

1) browse 2) suspended 3) no wonder 4) under pressure 5) run the risk of 6) opt 7) parallel 8) confess

9) on the wing 10) waterproof 11) thrilled 12) captioned Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice Model paper

The Way to Slow Time Down

Time is peculiar. At first sight it would seem that one second must last as long as another, no more, no less. Yet, in terms of our experience nothing could be further from the truth. Often time seems to fly past; before we know it the end of the week has arrived again. Is there any way to slow it down? There is a character in one of Joseph Heller’s novels who tries to make his life seem longer by doing boring and repetitive things, in the belief that

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