自考《英语二》2012出版最新讲义第三章

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty

A Famous Quote Betraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship. ——Ralph Waldo Emerson 背信弃义会使人迅速而痛苦地断送友谊。

——拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾默生

Text A New words

reflection n.your written or spoken thoughts about a particular subject or topic （关于某主题的）思考，回忆

loyalty n.the quality of being faithful in your support of somebody/something 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 recognize v.to admit or to be aware that something exists or is true 承认；意识到

betray v.to hurt somebody who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to them 辜负；对??不忠

indeed adv.used to add information to a statement 其实；实际上

virtue n.behavior or attitude that show high moral standards 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行

trend n.a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing 趋势；趋向；动态；动向 befriend v.to become a friend of somebody, especially somebody who needs your help 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待

request v.to ask for something or ask somebody to do something in a police or formal way （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求

trendy adj.very fashionable 时髦的；赶时髦的

multitude n.an extremely large number of things or people 众多；大量 mutual n.shared by two or more people 共有的；共同的

term n.a word or phrase used as the name of something, especially one connected with a particular type of language 词语；术语；措辞

site n.a place on the Internet where a company, an organization, a university, etc.puts information 网站；站点

acronym n.a word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of something 首字母缩略词

perish v.to be lost or destroyed 丧失；湮灭；毁灭

thought n.something that you think of or remember 想法；看法；主意；记忆 gossip n.a conversation about other people and their private lives 流言蜚语

challenge v.to test somebody's ability and skills, especially in an interesting way 考查??的能力；考验??的技巧

akin n.similar to 相似的；类似的

deposit n.a sum of money that is paid into a bank account 存款

account n.an arrangement that somebody has with a bank, etc.to keep money there, take some out, etc.账户

interest n.the extra money that you pay back when you borrow money or that you receive when you invest money 利息

well-being n.general health and happiness 健康；安乐；康乐

welfare n.the general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group （个人或群体的）

幸福，安全与健康

essence n.the most important quality or feature of something, that makes it what it is 本质；实质；精髓

seek v.to look for something somebody 寻找

notoriety n.fame for being bad in some way 恶名；坏名声

premise n. a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument 前提；假定 exploit v.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（ ??为自己谋利）

reconnect v.to connect somebody again 再联系；再联络

virtual adj.made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the internet （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 assure v.to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it 使确信；向??保证

caution n.a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk 警告；告诫 lyric n.the words of a song 歌词

undisputed adj.that cannot be questioned or proved to be false; that cannot be disputed 不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的

generation n.all the people who were born at about the same time （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人 Phrases and Expressions

stick by to be loyal to a person and support them, especially in a difficult situation 坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）

through thick and thin in spite of any difficulties or problems 不畏艰难睑阻 lead to to have something as a result导致，造成（后果）

a multitude of an extremely large number of （things or people）众多的；大量的

perish the thought used to say that you find a suggestion unacceptable or that you hope that something will never happen 甭想了；但愿不会如此

engage in to take part in something; to make somebody take part in something （使）从事，参加

in essence used when talking about the most basic and important part of something relating to the most important characteristics or ideas of something 本质上

assure?of? to make somebody certain about something 使放心；向??保证 pay attention to to take any notice of 注意 warn?of? to tell somebody about something, especially something dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen, so that they can avoid it 警告某人某事 重点词汇

loyalty n.the quality of being faithful in your support of somebody/something 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 eg: We all have a loyalty to the company.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。 衍生

loyal adj.true and faithful 忠诚的；忠贞的 用法：~to sb./sth.

eg: remain loyal to one's principles 信守自己的原则

befriend v.to become a friend of somebody, especially somebody who needs your help 做朋友；友善相待 eg: They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter.他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘，给她吃的﹑ 给她住处。 构词 be- 改变词性的前缀

加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词

friend n. 朋友 → befriend v.友好对待 calm n.镇静 → becalm v. 使镇静 head n. 头 → behead v. 砍头

little adj.小的 → belittle v. 轻视；贬低

notoriety n.fame for being bad in some way 恶名；坏名声

eg: His crimes earned him considerable notoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。 衍生

notorious adj.（derog.贬）well-known for some bad quality, deed, etc.臭名昭着的；声名狼藉的 用法：~for/as sth.

eg: a notorious criminal/area 天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

She's notorious for her wild behaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。 相近词

fame n.being known or talked about by many people 名声；名气

eg: The young musician rose quickly to fame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。 famous adj. known to very many people; celebrated 出名的；著名的 eg: New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。 well-known adj.known by a lot of people 著名的

eg: Paris is well-known for its rich culture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。 exploit v.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（ ??为自己谋利）

eg: They exploited her generosity shamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。 其他词义

use, work or develop fully （esp.mines and other natural resources）利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）

eg: exploit oil reserves, water power, solar energy, etc. 开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等 衍生

exploitable adj.that can be exploited 可利用的；可开发的 eg: few exploitable coal-mines 少量可开采的煤矿

exploitation n.exploiting or being exploited 利用；开发 eg: full exploitation of oil wells 充分利用油井资源

generation n. all the people who were born at about the same time （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人 eg: experience handed down from generation to generation 世代相传的经验 其他词义 产生；发生

eg: the generation of electricity by steam or water-power 蒸汽或水力发电 衍生

generate v. cause （sth.）to exist or occur; produce 使（某物）存在或发生；产生 eg: generate heat, electricity, power, etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等 hatred generated by racial prejudice 种族偏见引起的仇恨 Text A

Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty P1

How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin.A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies

is a loyal friend.If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend. P2

The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend.However, this new trend may lead to disasters.It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends.However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need. P3 A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F.This acronym means best friends forever.Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, \others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?\If the answer to that is, \for a day. P4

I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking. P5

Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.More often than not, your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare.A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.In essence, water does seek its own level. P6

If you were a B.L.F.way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend.You should never exploit your B.L.F.to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others.These are not the traits of a best loyal friend. P7

A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party.They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do. P8

Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook.However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty.My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages.In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, \A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.\Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation. 链接：关于友谊的英语句子和诗歌

To preserve a friend three things are required: to honor him present, praise him absent, and assist him in his necessities.

维持友谊需要三点：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。 Friendship Is Like the Breeze by Terri Fanning

Friendship is like the breeze， You can't hold it， Smell it， Taste it，

Or know when it's coming， But you can always feel it，

And you'll always know it's there， It may come and then go，

But you can know it'll always be back. 友谊如微风 特里·范宁

友谊如和煦的微风， 你握不住它， 闻不到它， 尝不到它，

无法知道它何时光临， 不过你总能感觉到它， 而且总能意识到它的存在， 它可能会来了而又走开， 但你知道它总会回来。 Exercises

I Check Your Comprehension

1.According to the passage, what is the new trend on the Internet? A）To make friends with anybody.

B）To get reconnected with old friends. C）To search friends' private matters. D）To see loyal Net-friends.

[答疑编号506430030301：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题考查的是文章中提到的互联网上的一个新趋势，我们从文章第2段第一句 可以得到答案，即目前互联网上有一个趋势，你可以与任何一个请求加你为朋友的人做朋友。因此A为正确答案。答案为A。

2.In the passage, loyalty in a friend is compared to_______ . A）interest gained from deposits B）making deposits in one's account C）a person's total welfare D）a best friend's well-being

[答疑编号506430030302：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题问的是文章中把朋友间的忠诚比喻成什么，本文第5段首句给出了答案，

即一个朋友的忠诚度与在银行账户里存款相类似。因此B选项正确。答案为B。

3.As a B.L.F, you cannot _________ .

列，根据and前后一致的原则，应填入名词prosperity（ 繁荣）。答案为prosperity。

6.The service at the famous hotel failed to live up to its____________.（repute, reputation） [答疑编号506430030618：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】reputation

【答案解析】译文：这个有名饭店的服务辜负了它的名誉。live up to 是固定短语搭配，不

辜负的意思。its后面的空格应填入名词reputation（ 名誉）。答案为reputation。

Section B

privilege prone poverty alert constant scene desert unselfish 1.Senior managers enjoy certain ____________, such as company cars and private healthcare. [答疑编号506430030619：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】privileges

【答案解析】译文：高级经理享受一定的特殊待遇，比如公司配车以及私人医疗服务。空格 处的词在certain 后面，因此应填入一个名词且与前面的senior 相搭配，根据句意privileges 符合题意。答案为privileges。

2.Japanese consumers also remain ___________to saving, not spending, as the recession deepens. [答疑编号506430030620：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】prone

【答案解析】译文：随着经济衰退加深，日本顾客倾向于节省而非消费。be prone to 是固

定搭配，易于??的意思。答案为prone。

3.In Africa, for example, ______________ has actually risen over the past decade. [答疑编号506430030621：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】poverty

【答案解析】译文：在非洲，举例来说，过去的十年贫困程度确实在加深。空格中的词做主

语，且根据前面的关键词非洲，可知空格处应填入poverty （贫困）。答案为poverty。

4.Although he's over eighty his mind is still remarkably_____________. [答疑编号506430030622：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】alert

【答案解析】译文：虽然他年过八十了，但是他的思维仍然很警惕。Although 表示转折的意 思，因此空格处应填入与八十岁的老人的思维情况相反的形容词alert（ 警惕的）。答案为alert。

5.The terrible ______________ was engraved on his memory. [答疑编号506430030623：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】scene

【答案解析】译文：那可怕的场景在他的记忆中铭刻。空格中的词在terrible 后面，且根

据句意，应填入名词scene （场景）。答案为scene。

6.The police are looking for the woman who ______________ her children. [答疑编号506430030624：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】deserted

【答案解析】译文：警察正在寻找遗弃自己孩子的妇女。空格中的词做宾语，因此应填入动 词词性的词，且根据后面的关键词her children ，应填入动词desert ，宾语从句的动作已发生，因此应该用一般过去时态。答案为deserted。

Section C

1.How can you stand ____________and let him treat his dog like that? [答疑编号506430030625：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】by

【答案解析】译文：你怎么能袖手旁观，让他那样对他的狗？stand by 是固定搭配，袖手旁

观的意思。答案为by。

2.The survey made by scientists shows that kids are all prone_____________ eat junk food. [答疑编号506430030626：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：科学家调查发现孩子们倾向于吃垃圾食品。be prone to 是固定搭配，

易于的意思。答案为to。

3.By no means would people turn__________ their motherland. [答疑编号506430030627：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】against

【答案解析】译文：人们决不背叛他们的祖国。turn against 是固定动词短语搭配，背叛的

意思。答案为against。

4.My younger sister requested me to accompany her ____________ the airport. [答疑编号506430030628：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：我妹妹请求我陪伴她去机场。accompany to 是固定动词短语搭配，陪伴

某人去某地的意思。答案为to。

5.Do you believe Bob remained faithful ____________ his principles to the last? [答疑编号506430030629：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：你相信Bob能够坚特他的原则到最后吗? be faithful to 是固定搭配，

对??忠诚。to the last：直到最后。答案为to。

6.It always takes the class a while to settle ____________ at the start of the lesson. [答疑编号506430030630：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】down 【答案解析】译文：在课程开始的时候，总要花费一段时间才能使学生专心起来。settle down：

定居，安心下来。答案为down。

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