英语语言学

英语语言学----简答题

Chapter 1: Introduction

1. List important distinctions in linguistics. 2. List design features.

3. What are the differences between traditional grammar and modern linguistics? 4. Talk about speech and writing and which one is prior and why?

5. What are the difference and similarity, langue and parole VS. competence and performance?

6. What should we take superior, diachronic study or synchronic study?

Chapter 2: Phonology

1. Broad transcription and narrow transcription. 2. Classification of English speech sound. 3. Distinction of phone, phoneme and allophone.

4. phonemic contrast, complementary distribution and minimal pair. 5. some rules in phonology. 6. suprasegmental features.

Chapter 3: Morphology

1. open class and closed class. 2. suffixes and prefixes.

3. bound morpheme and free morpheme. 4. derivation and inflection. 5. compound words.

Chapter 4: Syntax 1. categories.

2. How to define a word’s category ? 3. Phrase categories.

4. Four properties of coordination rule. 5. What are phrase elements. 6. What is S rule? 7. Transformation.

8. deep structure and surface structure. 9. constraints on transformation.

10. Master the way to draw a tree diagram once a sentence is given.

Chapter 5: Semantics

1. some views concerning the study of meaning.

2. sense and reference. 3. major sense relations.

4. sense relations between sentences. 5. analysis of meaning.

Chapter 6: Pragmatics 1. pragmatics and semantics.

2. sentence meaning and utterance meaning. 3. Talk about Speech Act Theory. 4. constatives and performatives.

5. What is Austin’s opinion about Speech Act Theory.

6. How did Seale classify illocutionary act into five categories? 7. What is cooperative principle?

Chapter 7: Language Change

1. Morphological and syntactic change of language. 2. vocabulary change.

3. some recent trends of language change. 4. causes of language change.

Chapter 8: Language And Society

1. the relationship between language and society. 2. two approaches to sociolinguistic studies. 3. dialectal varieties.

4. What characteristics does Black English possess? 5. What is regidter theory? 6. Degree of formality. 7. What is standard English? 8. Pidgin and Creole. 9. bilingualism and diglossia.

Chapter 9: Language And Culture

1. the relationship between language and culture. 2. talk about Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

3. List linguistic evidence of cultural differences. 4. cultural overlap and diffusion.

5. linguistic imperialism and linguistic nationalism.

Chapter 10: Language Acquisition 1. Theories od child language acquisition.

2. cognitive factors in child language development. 3. language environment and Critical Period Hypothesis. 4. stages in child language development.

5. Talk about vocabulary change in child language acquisition.

Chapter 11 : Second Language Acquisition

1. connection between First language acquisition and Second language acquisition. 2. contrastive analysis.

3. positive transfer and negative transfer. 4. Error analysis. 5. error and mistake.

6. interlanguage and fossilization.

7. the role of native language in Second language acquisition. 8. Input Hypothesis. 9. learning and acquisition. 10. input and intake.

11. individual difference in SLA.

Chapter 12 : Language And Brain

1. What methods in the study of the brain and evidences for lateralization can we

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