江苏省职称英语试卷一

试卷一

一、词汇与语法选择（20 小题，每小题 0.5 分。共 10 分）

1.______the difficulties we have come across, we'll go on with the program。

A. Given B. In spite of C. Thanks to D. Because of

2. You will see only the _____ of the trees in the dim light.

A. shadow B. shade C. shape D. shallow

3. No agreement was reached ____how the construction plan should be carried out

A. as about B. as that C. as it is D. as to

4. The fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will never occur.

A. what B. which C. that D. Why

5. We have to try every means to _______ the costs of the production.

A. bring off B. bring forth C. bring down D. bring back

6. Only a few people have _____ to the full facts of the accident

A. access B. resort C. contact D. Path

7. The energy______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.

A. transferred B. released C. delivered D. Conveyed

8. You see the lightning ______it happens, but you hear the thunder later.

A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant

9. The aircraft had reached its _____ of about 39,000 feet.

A. attitude B. aptitude C. altitude D. latitude

10. The_______ breakdowns of the computer has caused serious delays in our project.

A. continuous B. continual C. continued D. continuing

11. Life depends on the_______ between the heat received from the sun and the heat lost to cooler surroundings.

A. relationship B. contrast C. exchange D. balance

12. The construction workers ______ the road for three more kilometers.

A. expanded B. expended C. extended D. enlarged

13. The toy train won't start because the battery has _______

A. run up B. run over C. run down D. run off

14. Since he was convinced of the accuracy of the data, he ______ his opinion

A. struck at B. strove for C. stuck to D. stood for

15. Grain .production in the world is_______, but still millions of people go hungry.

A. staggering B, shrinking C. soaring D. suspending

16. Wherever there is matter, there is energy; all changes of matter______changes in the form of the energy.

A. retain B. involve C. include D. contain

17. The water-proof coating will ______quickly or after many years, depending on use and care.

A. be worn B. wear away C. be worn away D. wear broken

18. Science is a cooperative activity, and everyone can _____ something_____ it，if he wishes to do so

A. convert …..into B. contribute... to

C. attribute. .. to D. confine…. to…

19. The automatic doors in supermarkets ______the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts.

A. promote B. increase

C improve D. facilitate

20. While nuclear weapons present______dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today

A. inevitable B. constant C. overwhelming D. potential

二 、改错【在 A/B/C/D 四个选项中，选出一个含有语言错误的选项 】(10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分）

A B C D

A B C D

A B C. D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C

Explanation

D

A B C D

8、 A B C D

A B C D

A B C D三、回答问题（10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）

阅读下面短文并完成后面的题目。在 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出能够回答所提问题的最佳答案。 第一篇

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences .There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment .Data for many countries, especially low and middle income, countries , are lacking. Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%-10% of men report being sexually abused when they were children, while 25%-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many

children are subject to emotional abuse【sometimes referred to as psychological abuse 】

Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls , burns and drowning .Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term

consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development . Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural ,physical and mental health problems .Via the behavioral and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child, welfare And longer-term health costs. A number of risk factors for maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.

It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.

1. According to the passage, the difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT_____

A. child maltreatment is global problem.

B. there is no exact data about low-and mid-income countries

C. there is a shortage of the professional data collectors

D: different scientists use different research methods.

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood

B.25%-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused

C .25%-50% of children were psychologically abused

D. 60%-75% of children were neglected by their parents.

3. According to the passage, many homicide deaths in children under 15 are .Wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT ____

A. Drowning in swimming

B. diarrhea

C. burns

D .falls

4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child?

A: The child will behave badly m his memory of childhood when he grows up.

B. Child maltreatment hurts his nervous arid immune systems.

C. Child maltreatment damages his early brain development.

D. The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood. .

5. According to the passage, the maltreated children often bear all the following Characteristics

EXCEPT______________

A. they frequently and easily cry

B. they are infant's or in adolescent period ,

C. they are often neglected by their parents or friends

D. they often try their best to meet the requirements of their parents

第二篇

Most elderly people with so-called Type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week: according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.

Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that. Physical exercise can boost. the body's ability to utilize insulin by 30 percent, the newspaper reported. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with Type II all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months, the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects' muscles could utilize as a measure for how well their insulin worked. Associate Professor Dr. Hemming Dela of the Muscle

Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non-exercising persons ."This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups

Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin which taking insulin or perhaps, completely avoid insulin treatment," Dela was quoted as“ Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body ,and used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve the desired effect, diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. "Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise,". Dela added. .

l. How could most elderly Type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

A. By taking more salt than usual。

B..By taking less salt than usual.

C. By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.

D. By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day..

2. Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilize insulin by __

A. 70 percent 70%

B. 30 percent 30%

C. 60 percent . 60%

D. only a few percent

3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included __________

A. elderly non-diabetic men

B. elderly Type II diabetic men

C. both sexes of all ages

D. both A and B

4. To what a degree do diabetics need exercise in order to achieve the desired

A. To the degree where they begin to sweat

B. To the degree where they feel exhausted.

C. To the point when they feel thirsty.

D. To the point when they have to take insulin.

5. According to Dela, among most diabetics, the importance of exercise is______ the importance of watching their diet.

A. as poorly understood as

B. as well understood as .

C. less understood than

D. better understood than

四、短文填补（4 小题，每题 5 分，共 20 分 ,根据内容 , 将所给句子填入ABCD最合适补入的一处。

1.With each hour, the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation produces irreversible damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles.

In the summer; millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice lot to achieve it, including themselves. (A) And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer.(B) Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer.(C) Fortunately, most of these cancers.are highly curable.(D) Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Dermatologists recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a. m. and 3 p.m.

2.Tonsillitis ,however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on Swallowing.

Most sore throats are caused by the infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. (A) But with simple

remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days (B) With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed. (C) With children and some adults, there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. (D) It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat.

3.But to be skillful requires greater time.

The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture to perform operation for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. (A) Acupuncture is a technique of inserting and manipulating fine filiform needles into specific points on the body .to relieve pain or for the therapeutic purposes,(B) To learnhow to use the needles takes, about one month of training. (C) The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needled themselves are not painful. (D) There is general agreement that acupuncture is safe when administered by well-trained practitioners using sterile needles.

4.White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease,4.White generally when the body is challenged .

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form. of a potato salad or eaten cold.(A) In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. (B) The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed. to stimulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. (C) Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that, contain. resistant starch; such as coldfood boiled potatoes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. (D) Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome.

五、语句排列（4 小题 每题 5 分 共 20 分）

阅读下面被打乱排列顺序的短文，重新排列语句顺序。从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中 选出一个最佳答案使之语句通顺。 1

① If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely

② Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.

③ If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get-some advice from a professional singer.

④ Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid

⑤Avoid milk or-creamy -drinks which coat your throat.' Keep your throat wet by drinking-a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.

6. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice.

A、412563 B、123456 C、451236 D、164532

2

① In a food chain, there are also links but food chains begin with planet life and end with an animal and each link is food for the next link.

②A chain consists of links whether a jewelry chain or a food chain.

③The difference is- that in the jewelry or metal chain., all the links are-made of the same or similar material. ④ And, it shows how energy is given off at-each level or link.

⑤So, a food chain really shows how animals get their food.

A、23154 B、23145 C、32154 D、32541

3

① Its importance is obvious when two people are talking to each other: but it cannot be ignored by the writer who wishes to keep his readers

②、But in everyday life, we use the term only when the rules which govern social encounters are breached in the manner described.

③ "Face" refers to the public image which a person chooses to present in a particular situation.

④ For social interaction to work, it is essential that participants respect the "face" of all involved.

⑤ When describing the course of a disease, pathologists often talk of the body organizing its defences in response to a biological insult.

A、54312 B、52143 C、53142 D、52431

4

①Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect-unless accompanied by re-educational.

programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist

strong pressuret.

②. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age t0 21, reversing a trend-in the 1960s to reduce it to 18.

③. A drunken driver is usually defined.4s one with a 0.0l blood-alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of

wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours.

④ Drunken driving-sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder-has become a national infectious disease.

⑤ Heavy drinking used to be 4n acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not severe in

most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.

A、43215 B、43521 C、43512 D、12534

七、翻译（10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）

（一）英译中

下面五题中文句子，每题均有 A.B.C.D 四个英文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。

(1) Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in determining a person's well being.

A．实际上，疼痛现在被当作第五个重要的特征。在诊断人的健康状况时，和血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样重要。

B．实际上，疼痛被当作第五大生命特征。在诊断人的健康状况时，疼痛与血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样起着

重要的作用。

C．实际上，疼痛已被当作第五个特征。疼痛与血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样重要在诊断人的健康状况时。

D．现在，疼痛被当作第五个重要特征。在诊断人的健康状况时，它有和血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样作用。

(2) One of the key elements here was flattening the hierarchy in the operating room so that everybody, the scrub tech, the nurse, the surgeon, the room anesthesiologist, who ever it is in the operating room could bring up any concerns they had about the patient.

A。关键因素之一就是打破手术室格局，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括消毒人员、护士、外科医生、麻醉师，

都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。

B．关键因素之一就是理顺手术室的上下级关系，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括擦洗技术人员、护士、外科

医生、麻醉师，都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。

C．一个主要的因素就是去掉手术室的等级 ，以便让参与手术的每个人 ，包括消毒人员、护士、外科医生、

麻醉师，都能带给与病人关心。

D．关键因素之一就是抚平手术室的管理 ，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括擦洗技术人员、护士、外科医生、

麻醉师，都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。

(3) People who were physically active on a regular basis had lower risk of cognitive impairments in late life. But it seemed that teenage physical activity was particularly important in terms of the prevention of cognitive impairments.

A．那些经常进行身体活动的人在晚年患认知障碍风险更低。但似乎青少年时期，常常活动身体在预防认知障

碍时尤为重要。

B．那些经常进行身体活动的人在以后的生活中患认知障碍风险更低 。但似乎青少年时期常常活动身体在预

防认知障碍时尤为重要。

C．定期进行身体锻炼的人们晚年患认知障碍风险更低 。但似乎青少年时期的身体锻炼在预防认知障碍方面

尤为重要。

D．定期进行身体锻炼的人们在后来的生活中减少了患认知障碍的风险。但似乎青少年时期的身体锻炼在预防

认知障碍方面尤为重要。

(4) But the pills are not a cure for radiation sickness. And they work only if the radioactive iodine has .been taken into the body through food or drink.

A．但这些药片不能治愈辐射，而且他们才能起作用只有当放射性碘通过食物和水进人人体。

B．但这种药片不能治愈辐射病 ，而且只有在放射性碘通过食物和水进人人体才有用。

C．但这种药片不能治疗辐射 。放射性碘只能通过食物和水进入人体才能发挥其作用。

D．但这种药片不能治疗辐射感染 ，而且只有在放射性碘是通过食物和水进人体的情况下才能发挥其作用.

(5) Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from its meaning, and more likely to have friends from different cultures. Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease.

A．研究人员称，能使用双语的儿童能更好地从单词中区别含义 ，也更有可能结交不同文化背景的朋友。而使用双语的成年人，他们患老年痴呆症（又名阿尔茨海默氏病）的时间要比其他人晚 4-5 年。

B．研究人员称，双语儿童能更好地区别单词含义，也更有可能结交不同文化背景的朋友。双语成年人患老年痴呆症（又称阿尔茨海默氏病）的时间要比其他人晚 4-5 年。

C．研究人员称，双语儿童能更好地区别单词含义，也更有可能有不同文化背景的朋友。双语成年人往往在 4-5 年后患老年痴呆症（又名阿尔茨海默氏病）。

D.研究人员称，双语儿童有区别不同单词含义的能力 ，也更有可能结交朋友来自不同的文化背景。双语成年人通常 4-5 年后才会患老年痴呆症（又名阿尔茨海默氏病）。。

（二）中译英

下面五题中文句子，每题均有 A.B.C.D 四个英文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案

(1)以油炸食品、高盐食品和肉食为主的西式饮食易引发心脏病，目前全世界约30%30%的心脏病是由这种饮食方式引起的。

A. The fried foods, salty snacks and meats that are staples of the Western diet account for about 30 percent-of heart attack risk across the world.

B. The fried food, highly salted snacks and meats are the main food of the Western diet, which account for 30 percent of heart diseases world wide.

C. The Western food includes much frying, salt and meat, and this causes 30 percent of heart attacks all around the world.

D. The Western diet -style that contains much salt, meat and fry is responsible for about 30 percent of heat diseases; across the world.

(2)吸烟会导致中年人智力水平下降，而且会导致日后老年痴呆及其他很多身体性疾病。

A. Smoking will lead to the decrease of intelligence of the middle-aged, and it will also lead to dementia and many physical illnesses later on.

B. Smoking was associated with mental decline in middle age, as. it is with dementia and a host of physical ills later in life.

C. Smoking is sure to cause the decrease of intelligence of the middle-aged, and it will. also lead to dementia and many physical illnesses later on.

D. Smoking may result from mental decline in middle age, as it is with dementia and a host of physical ills later in life.

(3)在进入市场之前每个产品都经过专门测试。

A. Each product is especially tested before putting into market.

B. Every product is particularly checked before having been put into market.

C. .Every product is exclusively tested before being put into market.

D. Each product is extensively checked before being put into market.

(4)环保人员坚持要采取措施来中和酸雨的不良特性。

A. Environment officers insist that something be done to detoxify acid rain,

B. Environmental officers insist that something is done to detoxify acid rain.

C. Environmental officials insist that something must be done to detoxify acid rain.

D. Environmental officials insist that something be done to detoxify acid rain.

(5)耐衰老方面的最近研究表明，身体的防御机制可能会失去辨别异己的能力 。

A. Recent research into aging suggests that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the- ability to distinguish what is alien.

B. Recent research on aging shows that the body's defense mechanisms may that、the lose the ability to distinguish what is strange.,

C. Recent research into aging suggests that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish itself from the others.

D. Recent research on aging shows that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the ability to tell what is strange.

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