新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Unit 1 Personality (P14) Post Reading

³ Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction (Para. 1):

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect (Para. 2-3) People‘s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.

People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 3) Ways of overcoming shyness (Para. 4-15)

i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii) Set reasonable goals.

iii) Don‘t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv) Don‘t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. v) Do not make negative comments about yourself. vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.

vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii) Do no associate with people who make you feel inadequate.

ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. x) Practice being in social situations. 4) Conclusion (Para. 16)

The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F 9) T

3. （略）

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Vocabulary Practice

1．‖Self-‖ is a prefix which means of, to or by oneself or itself.‘

Words with the prefix ―self-‖ that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident.

1. self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)

2. self-confidence (belief in one‘s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself) 3. self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)

4. self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one‘s own best interests) 5. self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)

6. self-concept (one‘s conception or general idea of one‘s own basic character and nature) 7. Self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)

8. self-assurance / self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)

2. 1) B 2) I 3) L 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E 8) N 9) J 10) M 11) C 12) F 13) G 14) K

3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented

4. 1) reflected 2) concerned / worried 3) profound effect / influence 4) viewed / regarded 5) sensitive 6) respond / react 7)eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment

Translation

1. You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

2. In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3. When the right opportunity come along, he‘ll take it.

4. Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5. I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6. He finally failed to live up to his parents‘ expectations. 7. In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8. He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.

Part Four Writing and Translation (P 46)

2. Translation Practice From Chinese into English

1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.

4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) Don‘t let negative thoughts hold you back.

6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don‘t blame yourself too much.

Unit 2 Myths and Legends (P60) Post Reading

³ Reading Comprehension 1. Testing Your Memory

1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky. 2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

3) He planned to go to the feast / sky with the birds.

4) They didn‘t agree because Tortoise was mischievous / cunning and ungrateful. 5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man. 6) He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird. 7) All of you.

8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc. 9) For whom have you prepared this feast?

10) Because he knew the answer would be ―For all of you‖, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.

11) They were very angry.

12) They took back the feathers they had lent him. 13) He asked them to take a message to his wife.

14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.

15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house and cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things instead.

16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.

2. Finding the Best Summary Sample:

Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise. Long long ago, there was a famine, and the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there. Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather. Tortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food by naming himself "All of you". When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome, and soon the food was presented to them. Then he asked one of the people in the sky, "For whom have you prepared all this feast?" The man replied: "For all of you." So he ate almost all the best food. The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home. Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.

3. Acting out the Story（略）

4. Taking Sides Sample:

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

1) I don't admire Tortoise's cleverness. He was unwise to cheat all the birds. After his mischief, how could he have face to live together with them any longer? He would have no friends at all. He was clever, but at the same time he was also stupid . When all the birds became so angry, how could he have trusted Parrot? He should have jumped into the sea to avoid being hurt.

I sympathize with the birds. They took Tortoise out of kindness, but after flying such a long distance, they had to fly back home on an empty stomach. They were formally invited, but the food was eaten by Tortoise. I think the birds were very unlucky.

2) I learned from the story that a) we should be honest, and shouldn't cheat others. If we cheat others, we will be punished in the end; b) we shouldn't be carried away by sweet words, like the birds; c) a leopard can't change its spots, nor can Tortoise. He was cunning, he could never change his personality and behave himself.

Vocabulary Practice

1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory / preparation

3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered

4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove

5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently

6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith D. faithfully 7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion 8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered

9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling 10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure

2. 1) got / ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have … trouble 5) trouble with 6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting … into trouble 8) took the trouble

3. 1) with a pattern of roses

2) prepared a wonderful / good meal for us 3) promised faithfully

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

4) deliver this letter

5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief / behave themselves 7) the sound of distant thunder

8) received approval from the government 9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or not

Part Four Writing and Translation (P 96)

2. Translation Practice From English into Chinese

万物之初，天地还是一体，充满混沌。宇宙如同一个大黑蛋，盘古就在黑蛋里。一万八千年以后，盘古长睡醒来，他感到窒息，于是他拿起一把大斧子，用尽全身力量砸开黑蛋。轻的、透明的部分冉冉上升，变成了天；而冷的、混浊的物体依然在下面，变成了大地。盘古站在中间，顶天立地。天地开始以每天一丈的速度分开，盘古的身子也随着长高。一万八千年后，天更高，地更厚，盘古像一根九百万里高的柱子伫立其间，天地永远也无法再合在一起。

Unit 3 Social Probelms (P111) Post Reading

³ Reading Comprehension 1. What the Text Discusses

1）financial 2) career 3) later 4) guilty 5) hurt 6) resentful 7) productive 8) independence 9) responsibility 10) trusted 11) frightening 12) resentment 13) abandoned 14) factors 15) quality

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) F 10) F

3. （略）

Vocabulary Practice 1.

1). C 2) H 3) G 4) A 5) E 6) K 7) I 8) D 9) L 10) B 11) J 12) F

2．1）constantly 2) impact 3) burden 4) Candidly 5) fulfillment 6) salaried 7) resentment 8) assistance 9) perfect 10) suppress

3. 1）successfully 2) resentment 3) security 4) necessity 5) advisable 6) access / accessibility 7) athletic 8) maturity 9) emotional 10) effectively

4. Sentence-Making Game（略）

Directions: Make sentences with the words written on the board. You may use more than one word at a time. The sentence you make must be meaningful and grammatically correct. Speed and accuracy are both part of the game.

（注意掌握下列词的用法）

rise, decade, expense, financial, affect, on the other land, priority, engage, range, forbid, isolate, stimulate, express, claim, widespread, given, work out, take into consideration, in case of, secure, arise, cope with, demand, provide

Translation

1. Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours. 2. How will taxes affect people with low incomes?

3. My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn‘t give up practicing the piano.

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

4. The books range in price form $10 to $20. 5. It seems to me that you don‘t have much choice.

6. Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.

7. For such a big house the price is fairly cheap, but you‘ve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs.

8. Can we begin by discussing questions arising from the last meeting?

Part Four Writing and Translation (P 142)

2. Translation Practice From English into Chinese 1) 孩子最好远离毒品

一个电话报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。

2) 在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网

四名武装抢劫犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤了一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身分。打进报警热线的一个电话准确、详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。

Unit 4 Career Planning (P158) Post Reading

³ Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction (Para.1)

Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.

2) Students‘ weaknesses in career planning (Para. 2)

i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

ii) 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.

iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities. iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.

3) Serious flaws in the ways many people make decisions (Para. 3~5) i) complacency – ignoring challenging information

ii) defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming

iii) hypervigilance – searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions

4) Keys to career planning (Para. 6~11) i) Study yourself.

ii) Write your career goals down.

iii) Review your plans and your progress periodically with another person. iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.

5) Changes in careers (Para. 11~13)

i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead. ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.

6) Conclusion (Para. 14~15)

Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F 11) T 12) F

3. （略）

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Vocabulary Practice

1. 1) acceptable 2) efficiency 3) implications 4) instability 5) rationalize 6) evaluation 7) unforeseeable 8) invention 9) hastily 10) probability 11) professional 12) challenging 13) defensive 14) personality

2. 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over 6) in reality 7) at stake 8) seized on 9) leading to 10) take stock of

3. 1) programs 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who 7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities 10) when 11) to 12) Completion 13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educating

Translation

1. 几年前他心脏动了一次大手术。(undergo) He underwent major heart surgery several years ago. 2．我们估计完成这项工作要花一个星期。(estimate) We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work. 3．许多妇女发现从事一种职业同时又要孩子是很困难的事。(pursue)

Many women find it difficult to combine pursuing a career and having a child / children. 4．你可以爱一个人而不一定要跟他/她结婚。(necessarily)

You may love someone without necessarily wanting to marry him/ her. 5．她不接电话时我只好站在她窗外叫她。(resort to)

When she didn‘t answer the telephone, I resorted to standing outside her window and calling up to her.

6．可能下雨——你最好带把伞，以防万一。(in case) It may rain --- you‘d better take an umbrella (just) in case.

7．英国要求召开最高级会议(summit)来审视世界秩序中发生的根本变化。(take stock of) Britain has requested a summit to take stock of the fundamental changes in the world order. 8．她非常虔诚，因此对死并不惧怕。(hold)

She is very religious, so death holds no fear for her.

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Part Four Writing and Translation (P 195)

2. Translation Practice From Chinese into English

A. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend? Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he here, in this city? Applicant: No, he is in another city. Interviewer: Sorry, will not employ you. Applicant: Why not?

Interviewer: You would not be keeping your mind on your work. What‘s more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.

B. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend? Applicant: No.

Interviewer: Have you ever dated a girl?

Applicant: Yes, but she didn‘t want to date me.

Interviewer: Do you want to date girls after you have a job?

Applicant: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now. Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you. Applicant: Why not?

Interviewer: You are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.

C. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend? Applicant: Yes. Interviewer: Is she pretty? Applicant: Not quite.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.

Applicant: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your company‘s image?

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Interviewer: It‘s not that. But our company engages in works of art. Your aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our company‘s need.

D. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend? Applicant: Yes. Interviewer: Is she pretty? Applicant: Very.

Interviewer: Is she your first love? Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in pursuing the better unceasingly.

E. Interviewer: Is she pretty? Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she your first love?

Applicant: No, I had a couple of girlfriends before.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon job-hop.

F. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend? Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he very rich? Applicant: No.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money. I am afraid you cannot resist the temptation.

G. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend? Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he very rich?

Applicant: Yes, he has his own company.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because even your boyfriend‘s company doesn‘t employ you.

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Applicant: But that‘s because his company doesn‘t have a position suitable for me. Interviewer: What‘s your major then? Applicant: Secretary.

Interviewer: Sorry, we still cannot employ you. Pretty girls will affect our company‘s work. Applicant: But I am not pretty.

Interviewer: That‘s even worse. If you are not pretty, our manager will not be interested in you.

Unit 5 Language (P212) Post Reading

³ Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Para.1 Introduction: the most important day in her life 2) Para. 2-3 Her feelings before her teacher arrived. 3) Para. 4 The first encounter with the teacher. 4) Para. 5-9 How she discovered words.

A. Para. 5 Her initial success in learning: She leaned the spelling of a few words.

B. Para. 6 The difficulties encountered in learning the meaning of words and her reaction. C. Para. 7-8 Her new sight that everything had a name and each gave birth to a new thought. D. Para. 9 Her feelings and her outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to the well-house.

2. Understanding Specific Information

(1) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. (l 2~3)

A. What do the two lives refer to?

The two lives she led before and after the teacher came. B. What does it refer to?

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

The day when her teacher came to her. C. What is the immeasurable contrast?

Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. From that day on, she began to learn not only language but also gained a new sight for life.

(2) On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. (l5) Why did Helen consider March 3, 1887 an eventful day?

Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her, including love.

(3) …when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line…(l13~15)

A. White and dark are opposite in meaning. Then what does white darkness mean?

It refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of finding her way in a white fog without sunshine.

B. What does her refer to? The ship.

(4) I was like that ship before my education began… (l16) Read para. 2&3. How did Helen feel before her education began?

She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with a beating heart. (5) … and tried to make me understand that ―d-o-l-l‖ applied to both. (l35) What does both refer to?

Both the new doll and the big rag doll.

(6) Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that ―m-u-g‖ is mug and that ―w-a-t-e-r‖ is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. (l36~38)

What does the two refer to? The words and the real objects.

(7) … and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. (l52) What is the mystery of language?

Words are the names of things./Everything has a name.

(8) That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! (l54) What does that living word mean?

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

It suddenly dawned on Helen that the word “water” referred to the wonderful cool some thing flowing over her hand and the word itself became alive. (9) …word that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”. (l64~65)

Why did Helen compare words like “mother”, “father”, etc. to “Aaron’s rod”? Because the love from the people these words ----mother, father, sister and teacher---- stood for could work wonders for Helen, just like “Aaron’s rod”.

3. “How I Discovered Words” When … she stood on the porch, waiting for the teach

er to come Interested pleasant and proud The teacher tried time and again to teach her the connection between words and things She felt the fragments of the broken doll at her feet Pleasant/happy She finally discovered the mystery of language in the well-house She tried vainly to put the broken doll together Helen Keller’s Feelings

Sample: On the afternoon of the 3rd of March, 1887, before the teacher came, Helen Keller felt dumb and expectant, hoping for something that would open up her world. The first thing her teacher gave her was a doll and then she spelled the “d-o-l-l” in Helen” hand. When Helen Keller finally succeeded in making the letters for doll, she felt pleasant and proud. But when her teacher tried to help her make the connection between words and objects, she became impatient. Helen Keller expressed her dislike by dashing the doll on the floor. At that point, she felt keenly delighted. When she realized that her teacher was taking her out into the sunshine, Helen Keller was very happy. In the wellhouse, she discovered that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool something that was running through her fingers. The mystery of language was finally revealed to her. And she became excited and was eager to learn. When she returned to the house and tried vainly to put the broken doll back together, she felt sad and repentant. At the close of the day, when she was lying in her crib, she felt joyful and hopeful.

4. Group Discussion

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

Sample: Helen Learn by touching, feeling Learn by imitating the shape Start by spelling …… Ordinary People Learn by seeing , hearing Learn by imitating the sound Start by speaking aloud ……

Vocabulary Practice 1.Section A 1) A 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) C 9) A 10) A Section B 1) The soldiers ______ the attack after stopping for a little while. 2) The rules of safe driving ________ to everyone. 3) It’s no use being sorry if you ________ in doing it. 4) The cold winter was ________ by a stormy spring. 5) I can’t just _________ everything to receive casual visitors. 6) The details of the policy have not been ___________ yet. 7) The sight of the Great Wall filled me with _________. apply persist succeeded drop revealed wonder keenly renewed

8) It was on Sunday that Davis felt his loneliness most ____________.

9) He hunted ________ through his pockets for a piece of paper. vainly 10) Father ________ on me the value of hard work. impressed

2. 1) It is known to all that children, unlike adults, apply rules ________. (conscious) unconsciously expectant eventful

2) The ________ crowd in the streets waited for the queen to pass. (expect) 3) The birthday party and the movie have made this a(n) ________ night. (event) 4) China is a market of ____________ potential. (measure) 5) Children learn by ________. (imitate)

immeasurable imitation/imitating continually tenderness

6) Language is something living and __________ changing. (continue) 7) She treated the poor girl with ____________. (

tender)

新编大学英语3 unit1-5 浙江大学出版

8) She was getting very ____________ at having to wait so long. (patient) impatient

Translation

1. Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried. 2. He will see who is his true friend in time.

3. That scientist‘s experiment gave birth to a new drug. 4. He had been shut In by illness for much of the winter. 5. They would practice speaking English at the first opportunity. 6. Everything she valued/treasured might be swept away overnight

7. All the students are busy preparing for the finals towards the close of the term. 8. They longed for green trees and open spaces..

Part Four Writing and Translation (P 239)

2. Translation Practice From English into Chinese

1) 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我感到很惊奇。

2) 暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。

3) 虽然那个学生在做实验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套。未能得到满意的结果。 4) 我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。 5) 史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来和我们一起工作。 6) 邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。

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