每日一句91-114

91在阅读和写作中我们都会和因果关系打交道，所以因果句型的识别与积累就显得非常重要了。今天 就给大家几个哦：）说说周末都做什么了吧！

1.There are bound to be many other factors at work for this phenomenon. 一定还有很多因素造成了这一现象。

2.因A and 因B probably bear more responsibility for 果 than 因C,因D and 因E. 相较于CDE，结果更多是由ＡＢ引起的。

The latest research suggests living standards and access to education probably bear more responsibility for cognitive disparity between men and women than genes, nursery colours or the ability to catch a ball. 词汇突破：disparity 差异 nursery colours 育儿时的颜色 the ability to catch a ball 运动的能力

参考译文： 肯定会有很多其他的因素造成了这一现象。

研究表明，相较于，基因，育儿时的颜色和运动能力，生活水平和受教育的机会在更大程度上造成了男女认知的差异。

92We are required to look into our hearts,spark our hopes, and fire our imaginations.

我们必须关注内心，激发希望，燃烧想象。（写作背诵句）

Additional social stresses may also occurbecause of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migrationmovements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

主干识别： Additional social stresses may also occur 主谓结构

其他成分： because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements 状语

themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.同位语 翻译点拨： Additional social stresses may also occur 增加的社会压力也可能会出现。

试着解释一下：additional可以译作动词增加；主语改为social stress, 社会压力也可能会增加

（may also occur 可以略去。）

because of the population explosion or problems arising from massmigration movements

因为人口爆炸和由于大规模的人口迁移而引起的种种问题

themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 现代交通工具使得Themselves（大规模的人口迁移）变得相对容易。 同位语可以用括号放到解释说明的名词之后。

人口爆炸和大规模的人口迁移（现代交通工具使其变得相对容易）引起的种种问题 参考译文：由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所引起了各种问题这也增加了新的社会压力。

93To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

主干识别：To…might enable us to understand how… and what…

其他成分：To filter out what is unique from what is shared 动词不定式做主语。

how complex cultural behavior arose 宾语从句1

what guides it in evolutionary orcognitive terms 宾语从句2 翻译点拨：词汇点拨：

filter out…from…从…中过滤出…arose 出现in …terms 就…角度而言 evolutionary or cognitive 进化和认知 成分的处理：

句子中的某个成分比较长的时候可以将这个成分单独成句。 这里可以先翻译主语为一个句子： 从共有特征中滤出独有特征， 在主语空缺的位置加上“这”

这 might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides itin evolutionary or cognitive terms.

这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化论或认知角度理 解什么引导了它的走向。

参考译文： 从共有特征中滤出独有特征，这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化论或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。

94For example，the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

主干识别： the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how+从句

其他成分： how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown

up under more favorable circumstances.

how 引导一个宾语从句，其主句为how able an underprivileged youngster might have been；

还原为中文的语序为：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able; 条件状语从句：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（if被省略，had提前）

还原为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances. 翻译点拨：compensate for 弥补 gross social inequality 明显的社会不公

and thus 因此tell 说明underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件不好的underprivileged youngster （屌丝）under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下 本句只要能识别出句子结构翻译就比较容易了。

参考译文：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干.

95一个人内在越丰富，对人性就越了解，外在的需求就越少，内心的宁静就足够让我们走的很从容。所以我们可以去习惯独处，不必去羡慕说走就走的随性，一次旅行，一次相遇，一次离开，甚至一次伤害都不会改变我们的人生状态，只有丰富的精神世界才能让我们变得强大，这可能就是读书的意义。

今天的句子来经济学人，讲到互联网的并购和广告业的发展。非常好的句子！

With a wave of consolidation in prospect, America’s big Internet firmslook set to divide into predators and prey. 词汇突破：1. consolidation 合并

2. in prospect 有希望，有可能

Have little prospect ofsucceeding; 没有成功的希望

3. look set to 将要（这样的词确实看上去很不爽，不过就是就相当于be动词） 比如：Thisproduct would not come cheap. (这个产品并不便宜，come=be) 4. predator 捕猎者5.prey 猎物

句子解析：主干：America’s big Internet firms look set to divide into predators and prey

独立主格结构：

With a wave of consolidation in prospect, 独立成句为：A wave of consolidation is in prospect.

参考译文：合并大潮在望，美国大型的互联网企业看来将要分为捕食者和猎物。

Midsized, advertising-supported firms have struggled of late, as it hasbecome clearer that some will not add users and revenues as quickly as oncehoped. In other words, online advertising can be a tough business for firms “thatare not named Google or Face book”, says Brian Wieser of Pivotal Research, whostudies the industry.

词汇突破：1.atough business 难做的买卖 2. online advertising 在线广告业 3. of late 最近 4. revenue 收入 5. the industry 行业 句子解析：

Midsized, advertising-supported firms （主语）havestruggled（谓语） of late, （状语从句）as it（形式主语） has become clearer that（主语从句） somewill not add users and revenues as quickly as once hoped.

参考译文：靠广告业务为生的中型公司最近日子不太好过，因为越来越明显的是，这些企业用户和收入的增长并不如之前所希望的那样快。换句话说，在线广告业务对于“名字不叫谷歌和脸书“的企业而言，都是难做的买卖，一个广告业的研究者Pivotal Research的Brian Wieser如是说。

96Netflix, which streams films and TV programmes through the internet, became the first big company to oppose the planned mega-merger Comcast and Time Warner Cable, arguing that their combination would end up controlling broadband access in 60% of American households.

词汇突破：Netflix 美国最大的在线网络视频提供商和影碟租赁商，现在也在出品电视剧，最有名的就是纸牌屋。 Comcast :康卡斯特。

康卡斯特（英文：Comcast Corporation；缩写： CMCSA），是美国一家主要有线电视，宽带网络及IP电话服务供应商，总部位于宾夕凡尼亚州的费城，拥有2460万有线电视用户，1440万宽带网络用户及560万IP电话用户，是美国最大的有线电视公司。康卡斯特亦是美国第二大互联网服务供应商，仅次于AT&T之后。

2014年2月13日，Comcast宣布以452亿美元收购美国第二大有线电视运营商时代华纳有线(Time Warner Cable)。 Stream: 流媒体播放

End up doing sth 以…为结局

句子解析： 切分还原为一个个简单的句子：

1. Netflix streams films and TV programmes through the internet.

2. Netflix became the first big company to oppose the planned mega-merger Comcast and Time Warner Cable.

3. Netflix argued that their combination would end up controlling broadband access in 60% of American households.

(提醒一点，如果出题人要为Netflix为什么反对并购？答案就是第三个句子)

参考译文：Netflix公司通过互联网提供电影和电视节目的流媒体播放业务，对于计划好的Comcast和时代华纳有线公司之间的巨型并购案，它是第一家反对的大公司。因为它认为这次并购的结果就是他们将控制60%美国家庭的宽带业务。

（注：美国是对垄断很敏感的国家，各方都反对垄断，都认为垄断有害） 97送大家一句话吧！

Age wrinkles the body. Quitting wrinkles the soul. 岁月使皮肤起皱，放弃使灵魂起皱。 ——Douglas MacArthur （道格拉斯.麦克阿瑟）

对于文科生来讲今晚的句子是不是很有当初高中的味道啊！

Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 词汇突破：Aluminum 铝Free 元素的游离状态Affinity 归属感

He has a close affinity with the landscape he knew when he was growing up...

他对这片从小就了解的土地有着一种归属感。 Affinity for 一种元素对于另一种元素的亲和力

主干识别： Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现;

其他成分： because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.

微观分析：1.because nowhere in nature is it found free 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝;

2.owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen

由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起;最普遍的是跟氧结合 3.for which it has a strong affinity. Which= oxygen It = aluminum

= aluminum has a strong affinity for the oxygen 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。

翻译点拨：中文习惯先翻原因，再翻结果

参考译文：铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧结e合，因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力，进而在自然界找不到游离状态的铝；所以，铝直到19世纪才被人发现。 【98】20个与个人成长相关的顶级表达：

1.the challenging and demanding experience 充满挑战和要求极高的经历

2.sense of fulfillment 满足感 3.Self-evident 不言自明 4.in compliance with 遵守

5.…have the potential to boost …有潜能提升… 6.merits and downsides 利弊

7.invigorated and refreshed 精力充沛，神清气爽 8.prudent 慎重

9.wreak havoc on 对…造成损失 10.apart from…除开

11.unwavering support 坚定不移的支持

12. be conducive and instrumental to …对…有好处 13.justifiable 合理 14.a desirable trait 优点

15. adversity and hardship 逆境和苦难 16. strive for 为了…努力 17. Aspire to do sth 努力做… 18. attainment 成就

19. perseverance and persistence 坚持

20. Action enables us to transform our aspirations froma state of latent potentiality into one of manifest reality. 行动能让我们潜在的愿望变成现实；

99 People all over the world set great regard on good manners. To certain degree,

good manners indicate a person’s good education and breeding. In schools, it is part of students’ moral training to develop good manners. A person with good manners always wins praise. On the contrary, people will frown on him if he behaves roughly and impolitely.

There are good manners in which we behave in public places. It is a good manner to offer help to the young, the old and the physically-challenged when they are in need of it. So is it to conduct ourselves politely and keep away from foul language. Besides, we should guard against such minor offences as making a loud noise, casting peels and shells, smoking, and spitting.

If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relationship. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and follows the social ethics, people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.

So , always follow the golden rule: Do as you would be done by. Be polite. Rude words, face-to –face quarrelling , unreasonable fighting , turning a deaf ear to lectures, no thanks for others’ help,etc. could mean nothing but ignorance or ill behavior.

A friendly greeting, a keen invitation, or a short “thank you” reveals one’s internal spiritual world

100今天是早年的比较经典的题目，大家可以只抄写线索句就好了！ 一定要定位到句哦！

While in America the trend(downshifting) started as a reaction to the economic

decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of ________. [A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man's adventurous spirit

[C] man's search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situation

While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应——出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后——在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的缘由去寻求使自己的生活简单化。

70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of ________. [A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man's adventurous spirit

[C] man's search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situation 题型识别：细节题（和因果相关）

题干定位：根据downshifting emerged 可以定位到原文中the trend started ，文中的the trend就是指downshifting;started 就是指emerged；且问题问的是in the US ,继续缩小定位范围。

思路点拨：典型的细节题思路，只不过这里有一个转折为干扰；有同学之前接受过这样的理念：只关注转折后的内容，所以在解题的时候感到别扭；这个题目答案反而来自于转折前，只去关注原因和结果就可以了，不需要关注转折。

选项分析：定位精确之后就比较容易的可以根据原文中的：the economic decline确 定答案为第四个选项：the economic situation;这个选项是很完美的同意替换。AB是未提及之选项，C可以是英国人过这样生活的原因：（文中首先说： is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain,然后说： at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.我们能找到不同的原因来简化生活，那就可以是C man's search for mythical experiences） 四级作文预测：中国传统节日介绍。（我其实一直担心四级又考记叙文体或书信，不考那种典型的三段论，文章所以才有这样的布防，这段语料可以帮助大家写书信和介绍。） The Mid-autumn Festival is celebrated on the night of the fifteenth day of the eight lunar month. It is, in a sense, the Chinese moon festival.

On this night, people walk in the streets to enjoy themselves. They eat moon cakes, which are so called because they are shaped like the moon. These cakes are also set on a table in the open air, meant to be eaten by the goddess of the moon.

It is generally believed that the moon is at its brightest on this night. Many poems have been written about it. Poets never tire of reading and writing such poems, in which the moon has been compared to a looking-glass, a jade rabbit, etc. It seems that Chinese literature is far more concerned with the moon than with the sun. 101A financial vehicle that saw the euro zone take most risk through equity, other governments a bit more through subordinated debt and private-sector investors the least through senior debt is still a long shot. 词汇突破： A financial vehicle 融资工具和融资方式

Equity 权益 subordinated debt 次级贷 senior debt 优先款 （这样专业的名词不认识是很正常的。考场遇到了大家都不会的） a long shot : 很少机会成功的尝试

注意：不要用字典的解释去用到翻译中，一定要根据语境来决定具体的表达。 Reaching our sales goal this quarter is along shot because of the economy. 由于经济原因，本季度我们不太可能完成销售目标. 主干识别：A financial vehicle is still a long shot.

其他成分：that saw the euro zone take most risk through equity,other governments a bit more through subordinated debt and private- sectorinvestors the least through senior debt

定语从句，that=financial vehicle 在翻译的时候一定单独成句。

翻译点拨：financial vehicle 不可能发出saw 的动作，所以不能翻译为：融资方式看见。其实就是指：融资方式是什么样子的；

the euro zone take most risk through equity, 后面是并列引起的省略补全后是：

other governments take a bit more throughsubordinated debt and

private-sector investors take the leastthrough senior debt is still a long shot. 翻译出来是：

欧元区通过普通股票吸收最多的风险，其他政府通过次级贷吸收稍多的风险，而私有行业的投资者则通过优先债吸收最少的风险 翻译的时候注意调整语序。

参考译文：欧元区通过普通股票吸收最多的风险，其他政府通过次级贷吸收稍多的风险，而私有行业的投资者则通过优先债吸收最少的风险， 这种融资模式依然是不太可能实现的。 102Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. －Thomas Edison 我们生活中的许多失败，是因为人们在放弃的时候没有认识到他们距离成功有多么近。

He gave us strength in time of trouble, wisdom in time of uncertainty, and sharing in time of happiness. He will always be by our side.(可以用于四六级的人际交流，友谊，成功互助等等的句子。）

A single hand that wipes your tears to comfort your failure is much better than countless hands that come together to cheer your success. 失败时有人伸出一只手来为你擦泪，会好过成功时无数人伸手为你鼓掌。 You got a dream, you gotta protect it. If you want something, go get it. 如果你有梦想的话,就要去捍卫它；如果你有理想的话,就要去努力实现。

You’ll never realize how strong you are until you have no other choice but to be strong.

你永远都不会知道自己到底有多坚强，直到有一天你除了坚强别无选择。

Be nice to people you met on your way up, because you'll need them on your way down.

向上爬时，对遇到的人好点，因为掉下来时，你还会遇到他们。 Adversity does teach who your real friends are. 经历逆境会让你知道谁是真正的朋友。

下面这个句子是10年的阅读真题中的句子，之前发过一次，大家可能没有注意，问的比较多。可以试着再分析一下！

无论哪里有多热闹，这里都是我们最安静的学习的地方！再来一个考研的句子！ It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.

第一句难点解析：It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 这个句子中最重要的是找出两个状语： to the point of impossibility 状语一

表示程度：直接翻译，到了不可能这个点；=不可能 for the average reader under the age of forty 状语二 这个句子的真正主语是： to imagine a time

it is difficult to imagine a time; it做形式主语

when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.定语从句修饰time;

译文：对于年龄低于 40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是不可能的。 分析一下这里的转折：

Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the

20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.

然而，在 20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。

103A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader’ in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.

主干识别： Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life

其他成分： A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology,状语

for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader’ in a situation 状语 状语中的定语：in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions .

定语从句中的定语：（that）they were called upon to perform 翻译点拨： 词汇点拨：

all walks of life 各行各业

fascinating and disturbing 吸引人和让人不安 behavioural psychology 行为心理学 subjects 实验对象 distaste 反感 成分的处理： 先翻状语：

A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology

几年前，在一次行为心理学中最吸引人又最让人不安的实验中， 再翻主句：

Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life 来自耶鲁大学的Stanley Milgram测试了来自于各个行业的四十个实验对象， 接着翻状语：

for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader’（ in a situation 可以翻译为状语，更通顺）

their willingness 可以将名词转换为动词翻译

以测试出在某一个情形中，他们愿意(在多大程度上）遵守由一个“领导者”给出的指令；

最后翻定语单独成句：

in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.

这个句子中的最后一个定语从句可以前置；

在这一情形中，实验对象可能会对于被要求实施的行为有个人的厌恶感。 参考译文： 几年前，在一次行为心理学的最吸引人又最让人不安的实验中，来自耶鲁大学的Stanley Milgram测试了来自于各个行业的四十 个实验对象，以测试出在某一个情形中，他们愿意(在多大程度上）遵守由一个“领导者”给出的指令，而在这一情形中，实验 对象可能会对于被要求实施的行为有个人的厌恶感。（长句不可怕，只要敢拆分！）

104评论“过”字者，必过！

1.These days, the topic of smog or haze has constantly captured wide media attention, occupying the newspaper headlines, sparking heated discussion on the web and wreaking horror among people.

2.Honesty is the steel that forges the supporting structure of the society, and our society can not grow steady, if this invaluable asset is ever neglected in any possible manner.

3.We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption . We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity.

我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反，我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。

4.Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems. But

in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness. 大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。

5.While achieving success is easier said than done, perseverance does in fact pay off. One of the most important traits of a successful person is self-confidence, another is desire, and still another is determination.

获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重要的特征之一是自信，第二是渴望，还有一个是决心。

6.Admittedly, this limit has made it possible for the public to realize the importance of environmental protection and enable we Chinese people to cherish the beauty of our communities.

可以承认，这一限制已经使得公众认识到环境保护的重要性，并且使得我们中国人去珍惜我们美丽的社区。

7.We needs to reexamine the results of technology development in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed（表示加强含义） the detrimental aspects from a new perspective. Otherwise, various perceived accomplishments might in fact prove to be far from beneficial .

我们需要重新检查科技发展带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。

8.There is little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate the detrimental aspects of environmental pollution once and forever.

毫无疑问，必须立即采取行动彻底消除环境污染的危害

9.Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver . The incident was far from rare, and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving drunk driving

几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的酒后驾车案例的典型之一。

10.The most striking conclusion that can be reached when weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the new technology, such as smart phone and the like is quite frankly prosperity.

很坦率地说，在权衡新技术（比如智能手机）时候，能得出的最显著的结论是繁荣。 105今天先介绍一个习惯用法： Poster child（典型代表） 例句：

Gooding is widely regarded as the poster child for squandering Oscar opportunities. 古丁被誉为浪费奥斯卡奖大好机遇的“典范”。 Poster child就是指“模范人物、典型代表”。

它的原意是指身为慈善团体所赞助对象之一而出现在募捐海报中的孩童，也称为poster boy/girl，例如：poster child for all endangered species（保护濒危物种的代言儿童）。 后来这种用法逐渐引申到其它领域，意思就是“典型代表”。

He was a living poster child for the evil potential of inherited wealth. （他就是受到继承财产负面影响的活生生例子）。

这样的用法在考研中是会出现的，我会尽量帮同学们留意和总结，但是如果在考场上遇到这样的惯用法一定不要从字面含义去理解，而要从上下文中寻找答案。

今天的句子主要是隔离结构，如果大家能找出主干来就简单多了，先看句子再给解析哦！ What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. 词汇突破：folk art 民间艺术 Folks 老百姓 Prosperity 繁荣 Leisure闲适 Portrait 肖像画

主干识别: What we today call America folk art was art =Something that we today call America folk art was art

其他成分：of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks”（ordinary修饰folks, everyday状语）

整个是定语修饰art;

注意：of, by and for 是并列关系

Who created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.定语修饰folks. with increasing prosperity and leisure 状语

参考译文：我们今天所谓的美国民间艺术，确实是普通老百姓的艺术（of）、是普通老百姓创造的艺术（by）和为了（for）普通老百姓的艺术。这些百姓在社会日渐繁荣和闲适的情况下创建了一个包含各种类型艺术形式的尤其是肖像画的艺术市场。

106In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments

that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.

句子主干：the scientific revolution was largely the improvement and invention and use . 主系表结构

其他成分： In short 状语

a leader of the new school contends 主谓做插入语 as we call it 定语做插入语 of a series of instruments 定语

that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.定语从句 翻译点拨：对于词汇的处理： in short 简言之 as we call it 我们所谓的 new school 新的学派； contend 坚持认为 the reach 范围；范畴 对于定语的处理：

of a series of instruments 通常前置 对于定语从句的处理：

可以前置也可以单独成句，但是这里最好是单独成句，因为前面有了一个定语了，再倒就繁琐了；

参考译文：新学派的一位领军人物坚持认为：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列工具的改进，发明和使用，这些改进发明和使 用在无数个方向扩展了科学的范畴。（使得

科学在各个领域无所不及/使得科学涉及到了无数个方向的各个领域）

107But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 词汇突破：1.geographic conditions 地质条件 2. peculiar to 是…特有的

例句：Language is peculiar to mankind. 语言是人类所特有的. 3. interplay 相互作用

主干识别：the force，the interplay and the difficulty caused significant changes. 其他成分：其余的都是定语，只是：of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent

在翻译的时候可以单独成句；

翻译点拨：这个句子翻译起来会很顺，只需要调整定语的位置就好了；同时由于主语很长，也可以将主语单独成句，其中名词，形容词都可以转译为动词； 然后用伟大的代词“这些”来作为主语。

参考译文： 但美国具有着特有的地理条件,不同民族之间相互作用, 在原始新大陆维护旧世界秩序具有绝对的困难，这些因素引起了重大变化。

108昨天的句子重点就是识别出三个主语的并列，再次强调一下：BUt和And 放在句首是不影响找句子主语的（因为我以前上课说过句子的主语是之前没有介词和连词的名词，当时为了课堂的简洁我没有排除and和but这两个并列连词，所以有同学困惑了，很抱歉！）。昨天一男老师说的挺好的，就是识别出三个The；确实在句子开头的冠词the也是很重要

的主语标志。一男老师微信：liuyinanlaoshi

今天的句子是批评美国的高等教育的句子，其实这些缺点在中国也有。

Yet despite self-congratulatory rhetoric about being “the envy of the world,” a disheartening proportion of higher education gets failing grades when it comes to dealing with that apathy toward learning.

词汇突破：self-congratulatoryrhetoric 自吹自擂的说辞 the envy of the world 让世人羡慕 disheartening 令人沮丧 failing grades 不及格的分数 apathy 冷漠

切分： Yet despite self-congratulatory rhetoric about being “the envy of the world,”/ a disheartening proportion of higher education /gets failing grades /when it comes to dealing with that apathy toward learning.

翻译点拨：self-congratulatory rhetoric 在翻译的时候可以转译为动词：自吹自擂为… Disheartening 可以单独以为：令人沮丧的是…

a disheartening proportion 令人沮丧的比例，这样翻译出来也可以只是会很别扭； 其实令人沮丧的比例=令人沮丧的是，大部分的…

参考译文: 然而，尽管自吹自擂为世人所羡慕，但是令人沮丧的是，在对待学习漠不关心这件事情上，大部分的高等教育只能拿到不及格的分数。

109TO GREENS, men like John Shimkus—the chairman of a congressional body that oversees work to curb air, soil and water pollution—represent a special sort of bogeyman（可怕的人）. Mr Shimkus, a Republican from rural Illinois, is not just

staunchly pro-industry, anti-regulation and skeptical of claims that man’s activities menace the planet. He also brings his Bible to work. At a hearing on greenhouse gases, he opened it and quoted God’s words to Noah after the Flood. “Never again will I destroy all living creatures,” God promised. This, said Mr Shimkus, was “infallible” proof that neither man’s actions nor rising flood waters will destroy the Earth. So let’s not worry too much about global warming. （文章的开头大写一个词或者两个词是为了强调，是国外的写作习惯而已） 词汇突破：greens 环保人士 Oversee 掌管，监管 Curb 限制 Body 机构

Bogeyman 可怕的人 Republican 共和党人 pro-（前缀）支持 claim 观点，申明,主张，

be skeptical of claims that：(可以直接理解为：不认同…的主张； 当that后面的句子过长的时候可以直接翻译为：不认为…) hearing 听证会（昨天刚学的单词哦） staunchly 坚定地 menace 威胁 Noah 诺亚

Infallible 确凿的，永远可靠地，不会失效的，不会犯错的。

句子解析：1. TO GREENS, men like John Shimkus—the chairman of a congressional body that

oversees work to curb air, soil and water pollution—represent a special sort of bogeyman（可怕的怪物）.

句子主干： men represent a special sort of bogeyman（可怕的怪物）

定语： like John Shimkus—the chairman of a congressional body that oversees work to curb air, soil and water pollution—（破折号里面是John Shimkus的同位语） TO GREENS，(对于环保人士而言) 状语

翻译：根据汉语的习惯可以先翻译定语，让定语部分单词成句：

John Shimkus，是掌管国会控制空气，土壤和水污染工作机构的主席，对于环保主义者而言，他这样的人代表着一类特别的怪物。

2. 3. Mr Shimkus, a Republican from rural Illinois, is not just staunchly pro-industry, anti-regulation and skeptical of claims that man’s activities menace the planet. He also brings his Bible to work.

Shimkus先生是一位来自伊利诺伊州乡村的共和党人，他不只是坚定的支持工业，反对监管，不认为人类的行为正在威胁着这个星球。而且他还带着圣经去上班。

4.5. At a hearing on greenhouse gases, he opened it and quoted God’s words to Noah after the Flood. “Never again will I destroy all living creatures,” God promised.

在温室气体的听证会上，他打开圣经，引用在大水之后，上帝对诺亚说的话。上帝承诺：“我绝不会再次摧毁这个星球上的所有生物.”

6. 7. This, said Mr Shimkus, was “infallible” proof that neither man’s actions nor

rising flood waters will destroy the Earth. So let’s not worry too much about global warming.

Shimkus 说道，这就是最确凿的证据，说明无论是人类的行为还是洪水都不会摧毁地球。所以不要太担心全球变暖。

（好吧，我只想说“奇葩”，这就是美国！）

110一个国家如果在物质上极大的充裕了之后，当国民对于物质财富的追求不再强烈的时候，这个国家的活力必然会下降。我们常常厌恶当下社会的物欲和贪婪，却殊不知这正是我们经济繁荣的源动力。而且中国的家文化把这种对于财富的追求推到了一个顶端，很多人的忙碌并不是为了自己而是为了孩子甚至孙子；这种无私的对于家庭的责任和爱是其他民族所没有的，而且这种爱和责任会传承下去；无所谓好坏，只是我们的文化决定了这样一种社会运行的模式。

Economic growth over the business cycle is driven mostly by swings in demand, and in recent years demand has been held back: households have been repaying their debts; the government has restrained its spending and raised taxes; and interest rates, having reached zero, are unable to fall further.

词汇识别： Economic growth over the business cycle商业周期中的经济增长 swings in demand需求的波动held back停滞Repay偿还Restrain抑制 主干识别：并列句一：Economic growth is driven mostly by swings in demand 并列句二：demand has been held back 其他成分：冒号对并列句二进行解释；

1.households have been repaying their debts;

2.the government has restrained its spending and raised taxes;

3. interest rates, having reached zero, are unable to fall further. 第3句的主干是：interest rates are unable to fall further having reached zero 状语

参考译文： 商业周期中的经济增长主要是由需求的波动来推动的。最近几年，需求停滞了：家庭一直在忙于偿还债务；政府抑制支出提高税收；银行利率已经降到零点无法再降。 111For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s, down-shifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life--growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle --as a personal recognition of your limitations.

【主干识别】 Down-shifting in the mid- 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift as a personal recognition of your limitations.

【难点揭秘】not so(as) much…as 这个比较结构的理解通常理解为：与其说，不如说；例如：He was not so much angry as disappointed.（他与其说愤怒不如说失望。） 【其他成分】For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s介词短语作状语；growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one同位语；as a personal recognition of your limitations状语。 【微观解析】for 介词 the women of my generation名词 who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s定语从句修饰the women of my generation。

【译文赏析】对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活（用有机肥种植蔬菜，并且冒险去过一种更加简单和更少物质的生活方式）不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身能力是有限的。 112今天的句子很短，但是却代表了一种类型的句子一定好好的仔细看！这是一个GMAT

的句子，考研真题很多思路与GMAT的思路很像。

Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.

刚一看这个句子的时候有同学会感觉到不习惯，看看这个句子先： The sun rises that looks beautiful.

其实在本质上是一样的，关键在切分句子为句子主干和次主干，再来理清楚各自之间的关系： The sun rises that looks beautiful. 切分： The sun rises;

The sun looks beautiful; 所以刚才的句子就是：

Consequently, nothing seems good or normal；

that does not accord with the requirements of the free market； 第二句分句在修饰nothing： 直接翻译:

没有任何不符合自由市场要求的东西看上去是好的或正常的。 转译：

任何不符合自由市场要求的东西看上去都是不好的或不正常的；只有符合自由市场要求的东西看上去才是好的和正常的；双重否定的句子还是很多的：

The problem is that the compound（化合物） has mixed effects in the brain, a not unusual occurrence（现象） with psychoactive drug(精神刺激类药物).

参考译文:问题在于这种化合物对于大脑有混合的作用。这对于精神刺激类药物而言是常见

的事情。

113 Trade bills tend to pit the president, who must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy and its standing in the world, against the House, where members are more concerned with the risk of job losses in their districts. One way of reconciling these interests in the past has been for the president to help congressmen secure earmarks. This kind of bribery is no longer available to party leaders, leaving the president more reliant on his power to charm. 词汇突破：pit 使…为难； weigh up 考虑 standing 地位 the House 众议院

reconcile 和解（关注微信号：liuyinanlaoshi 精彩讲解哦） earmarks 款项 bribery 贿赂 reliant on 依靠 charm 取悦;迷惑

She could charm the birds from the trees. Secure 获得，得到

第一句：Trade bills tend to pit the president, /who must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy and its standing in the world,/ against the House, where members are more concerned with the risk of job losses in their districts. 主干：Trade bills tend to pit the president

定语从句：who must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy and its standing in the world

状语： against the House, 和众议院不一样（where members are more concerned with the risk of job losses in their districts 定语从句）

参考译文：贸易法案常常让总统感到为难，因为他必须考量任何交易对于美国经济的影响和美国在世界上的地位，这和众议院不一样，众议院的成员更关心自己选区的失业风险。 第二句： One way of reconciling these interests in the past has been/ for the president(状语)/ to help congressmen secure earmarks.

参考译文：对于总统而言，过去协调这些利益是靠这些议员获得一些款项。

第三句：This kind of bribery is no longer available to party leaders, leaving the president more reliant on his power to charm.

参考译文：现在这种贿赂从党派领导那里得不到了，这就使总统更依赖他的权力来解决问题了。

Trade bills tend to pit the president, who must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy and its standing in the world, against the House, where members are more concerned with the risk of job losses in their districts. One way of reconciling these interests in the past has been for the president to help congressmen secure earmarks. This kind of bribery is no longer available to party leaders, leaving the president more reliant on his power to charm. 词汇突破：pit 使…为难； weigh up 考虑 standing 地位

the House 众议院

reconcile 和解（关注微信号：liuyinanlaoshi 精彩讲解哦） earmarks 款项 bribery 贿赂 reliant on 依靠 charm 取悦;迷惑

She could charm the birds from the trees. Secure 获得，得到

第一句：Trade bills tend to pit the president, /who must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy and its standing in the world,/ against the House, where members are more concerned with the risk of job losses in their districts. 主干：Trade bills tend to pit the president

定语从句：who must weigh up the impact of any deal on America’s economy and its standing in the world

状语： against the House, 和众议院不一样（where members are more concerned with the risk of job losses in their districts 定语从句）

参考译文：贸易法案常常让总统感到为难，因为他必须考量任何交易对于美国经济的影响和美国在世界上的地位，这和众议院不一样，众议院的成员更关心自己选区的失业风险。 第二句： One way of reconciling these interests in the past has been/ for the president(状语)/ to help congressmen secure earmarks.

参考译文：对于总统而言，过去协调这些利益是帮这些议员获得一些款项。

第三句：This kind of bribery is no longer available to party leaders, leaving the

president more reliant on his power to charm.

参考译文：现在这种贿赂从党派领导那里得不到了，这就使总统更依赖他的权力来解决问题了。

[114] It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.

51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. [C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.

[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised. It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.

外面是一个危险的世界。如果你走出去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿。如果你点燃炉灶，可能会把房子烧掉。但是假如门垫或炉灶上没有警示语告诉你可能发生的危害，那么你

或许可以就自己所受的伤害通过法律诉讼，成功地获得赔偿。大约自80年代初以来人们就一直是这样认为的，当时陪审团已开始认为更多的公司应对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责。 原文解析：在我们的长难句练习中我们就已经学习过这样一个句子：

Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes. （要抄每日一句的同学就抄这句！） 这个句子的正常语序应该是：

or , the thinking has gone so since the early 1980s,... ... 51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. 解析：顾客可以通过诉讼免除自己的灾难。

relieve sb. of sth./be relieved of 意为“免除某人某事；解除某人某事；使某人摆脱某事”。 （这个搭配没有减轻，缓解的意思！！！） 灾难是不可能通过诉讼而被免除的。

Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. 解析：受伤的顾客可望得到法律制度的保护。

第一段指出，外面是个危险的世界，如果你走出去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿；如果点燃炉灶，可能烧毁整栋房屋。可幸的是 ，如果门垫或炉灶没有警告你可能发生的危害，你可以就自己所受的伤害诉诸法律，成功地获得赔偿。或者，更确切地说，自80年代初 以来人们一直这样认为，从那时起，陪审团开始认为更多的公司应该对其顾客遭受的不幸负责。 [C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. 解析： 公司将会通过提供新的警示标签避免被起诉。

文中没有提到是否会逃避责任的问题，尤其是说通过提供新的警告而避免更是无从谈起。 [D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised. 解析：陪审团倾向于对公司所承诺的赔偿严加挑剔。主干错误：挑剔的不是公司作出的承诺，而是对公司的挑剔。主干错误

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