高英hiroshima 教案 2

教 1．To familiarize students with Hiroshima-the first atomic bomb 学 2．To familiarise students with story writings 重 点 3．To enable students to appreciate the writing style of the text 1、Words and expressions Have a lump in my throat, preoccupation, be oblivious of, ritual, cab, pop open, ito,screech,ignorance,usher,internezzo,heave,canal,enbankment,cautiously,overwelm,crush,linger on, inhibit, spinal column, flexible, agitated, sink in, confess, smell of, by trade, spare, testing and treating, genetic, free me from my earthly cares, read the answer 2 、Sentence patterns That must be… Was I not at the scene of the crime? 教学…whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler 难This done,I entered… 点 I was just about to…when… It is humiliating to… 3、Rhetorical devices Metonymy, euphemism, alliteration, rhetorical question, 4 、Writing style First-person narrator 5、Background knowledge Second world war,first atomic bomb Translate paragragh 2,7,30,36. 练习 Exercise2,7,9, Written work:My visit to… 课观看电影“广岛记实”。 外学习

Lesson Two Hiroshima – the ―Liveliest‖ City in Japan

Objectives: 1) Introduce students to the narrative writing, facts vs. opinions,

theme, point of view, tone.

2) Familiarize students with rhetorical techniques of ?irony‘. Class Procedures:

General questions about the text.

1) Why is the city of Hiroshima so special in the history of mankind?

(It was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945. It was also the first ever used in military action in the human history) Background about the bombardment:

a) the name Hiroshima in Japanese means: broad island.

b) The reason it was chosen to be bombed: During the war, it was a regional army

headquarters as well as a major rail center and producer of war materials.

Hiroshima: Was it Necessary? (an article)

This is the summary of an article Hiroshima: Was it Necessary?.

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With the end of the European war, the Allies focused their efforts on Japan. Japan still fought fanatically, despite being badly hurt by bombing and blockade.

The Potsdam Proclamation, which demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan, was issued. It made no mention of Japan's central surrender condition: the status of the Emperor. Japan rejected the Proclamation.

The Japanese believed the Emperor to be a god (this is a key point).

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Russia declared war against Japan.

Japan, because of its military, still refused to surrender.

Japanese peace advocates, fearing the imminent destruction of the Emperor, prevailed upon the Emperor to break with tradition and make government policy by calling for peace now. The Emperor did so.

As the result of the Emperor's call for surrender, the entire Japanese cabinet, including the military, agreed to surrender. The cabinet saw that this would allow the Emperor to be retained.

Even Japan's doves would have fought to the death had they not felt the Emperor would be spared. They saw \

President Truman had been advised of the importance of the Emperor to the Japanese. Japan was seeking Russia's help to end the war in July 1945. The U.S. was aware of this at the time thru intercepted Japanese cables. But the U.S. did not keep up with this change in Japan's position.

The U.S. chose military methods of ending the war rather than diplomatic methods. The desire for revenge helped make military methods more attractive.

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Was it necessary to use the atomic bomb on Japan to end the war without an invasion of the Japanese mainland? Quotes from historians who felt it was not necessary can be found in: Article. Quotes from prominent Americans who felt the atomic bombings were not necessary can be found in: Quotes.

We probably could have ended the war sooner with fewer deaths on all sides by using the full carrot and stick: 1) offer retention of the Emperor for a quick surrender; and 2) threaten Russian invasion and 3) atomic destruction as the alternative. None of these key incentives to surrender were used prior to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

Had the above method failed, and had the Russian invasion failed to bring surrender soon, the atomic bombs were still available - but as a last resort.

After the atomic bombings, Japan was allowed to retain their Emperor, anyway.

c) the time of the bombing: 8:15, a.m. August 6, 1945.

d) The damage: destroying almost everything within a radius of 6,000 to 8,000

feet( 1.830-2,450 meters). 71,000 were instantly.

Over people killed Many

more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation.

Survivors are still dying of leukemia (白血病), pernicious anemia (恶性贫血症), etc. almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.

e) the radiation generated by the bomb caused long-term problems to those affected. Many people died within the first few months and many more in subsequent years because of radiation exposure. Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in having malformed babies or being unable to have children. It is believed that more than 140,000 people died by the end of the year. They were citizens including students, soldiers and Koreans who worked in factories within the city. The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000.

f) Post-war memorial: Peace Park includes a cenotaph memorializing the victim and a museum housing relics of the holocaust.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial, a remnant of the city at ground zero of its nuclear bombardment After the war Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with new modern buildings rising all over the city. In 1949, Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament, at the initiative of its mayor Shinzo Hamai (b. 1905-d. 1968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima was receiving more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. The Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. In 1994, the City of Hiroshima hosted the Asian Games.

Record of the time by witnesses

Kimiko Takai

6th grade girl (5 years old at the time)

I shiver whenever I think of August 6, 1945, the day when Hiroshima was destroyed in just a few minutes.

I and a friend were playing at a neighbor's house when I heard the roar of an airplane.

\next-door lady, but she was more scared than I was. She shook me loose and threw her arms around her husband. Then she took a cloth band out of a drawer and tied it around her waist. After that, she and her husband ran out of the house.

My playmate Tatsuko and I didn't know what to do. Suddenly, it got dark and something began to drop from the ceiling. We were so frightened that we just hung on to each other with our eyes wide open. It got lighter and lighter and after a while I heard Tatsuko's mother calling for her. She sounded very worried.

She took Tatsuko with her and I was left alone. I started to cry. A neighbor with dirt all over her face came out of the wreckage and said, \

She ran off, too, and I was alone again. A little later, I heard my sister's voice through my sobs. I Iistened carefully. I could hear her calling, \glad that my eyes got full of tears. My mother came, too.

\hasn't been burned. Maybe, she's already dead,\

But we couldn't waste time. We were scared and wanted to get to a safe place.

As we walked along, we saw soldiers with bloated stomachs floating down the river. They probably had to dive into the river to get away from the flames. A little farther on, we saw many dead people piled up at the side of the road. As we walked on, my father saw a woman whose leg was caught under a large timber. She couldn't get free so he shouted for help but no one came. Everyone was too busy trying to get away to pay any attention to anyone else. Finally, my father shouted angrily, \with a rusty, old saw.

Further on, we saw a man who must have been burned to death while he was walking.

Mother said that she couldn't go any further and told us to go on without her. She sat down to rest but we couldn't go on by ourselves, leaving her behind. Then she scooped up a handful of muddy water from the roadside and drank it. This must have made her feel better because she got up and joined us again.

As we got to the countryside, farmers stared at us in amazement and asked us what had happened. When we passed farm houses, people would come out and give us rice balls to eat, or ask us whether we would like to wash our faces.

We stayed with our relatives for about a month.

After we arrived, Mother complained that her back hurt. I looked at her back and found a piece of glass about 3/4 inches wide and 1 1/2 inches long stuck in it. It had gone in quite deep because she had been carrying my brother on her back. We went to see a doctor and learned that we had been rather lucky. Many people had died and hundreds had been injured.

From the next day, Father went out looking for my sister. The bomb had exploded over Aioi Bridge, near the Hiroshima post office where my sister worked. She must have died without time to call for her mother or even to say, \office to collect some manure that day and both were killed. Their ashes were brought back to us, though. Not even my sister's ashes have come back to us.

All but one of the workers at the post office was killed. He picked up the remains of the other workers and then took a little of the ashes to each of the dead persons' families. We put the ashes before God and prayed that my sister would rest in peace.

Masatada Asaeda

3rd Grade Student in 1945

When we were playing in the school ground, an airplane came, but we kept on playing, only saying \I covered my face with my hands. When I opened my eyes and looked around, it was dark and I couldn't see anything. While I was feeling around in the darkness, it became light. I was thinking of going home, and I found that all the houses around me had been destroyed and fires were burning here and there.

I started running home, crying and calling, \house had been. I just went around this way and that, and then I heard my sister calling my name. I was shocked when I saw her, because she was stained with blood all over. I looked at myself; the skin of both my arms and feet had peeled away and was hanging off. I didn't know what all this meant, and I was frightened, so I burst into tears. Meanwhile, Mother had crawled out from the pile of tiles and dragged an overcoat and Father's cloak out of a trunk and wrapped us in them.

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