历年高考英语阅读汇总120篇+详细解析

? 历年高考英语阅读汇总120篇 (共120篇+详细解析)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 (第1篇)

You know how wonderful you are, and you know that others know how wonderful you are, but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy? For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship. When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do, but the good news is that there is. Don't let jealousy spoil your relationships. Tackle it headon and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.

It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is, but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that. Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited), just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you. If they refuse to respond, then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling. Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.

When you figure out what is annoying your friend, ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better. If, for example, (s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from tee swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you. Remember, though, that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise. Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy. Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.

Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy. This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies. Before taking extreme action, chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise.If you can't, be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friendand how far you won't.

解读：本文是关于人际关系的话题。尤其是青少年朋友之间会因为嫉妒而使相互间的友谊被破坏，本文着重讲述如何处理被朋友嫉妒及处理过程中可能遇到的困难。

1. According to the author, the jealousy emotion is________. A. normal B. productive C. destructive D. extreme

[解析] 细节理解题，由第一段第二句．..that this jealousy is hurting，your friendship.可知。

[答案] C

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?

A. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you. B. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.

C. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel. D. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there's something between you.

[解析] 细节理解题。由第二段第二句Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you可知。

[答案] A

3. The underlined \ A. friendship B. relationship C. admiration D. jealousy

[解析] 细节理解题。由文章第一段可知。 [答案] D

4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. There's always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy. B. Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.

C. You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts, chances or self development. D. You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution [解析] 推理判断题。 [答案] C

5. The purpose of the passage is________. A. to explain what causes jealousy B. to offer some advice on making friends

C. to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend D. to explain how destructive the jealous emotion is

[解析] 作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文酌写作目的是介绍处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法。 [答案] C (第2篇)

Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting.But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by

providing instruction for 10 15 minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day - which really for handwriting is pretty much.

Many adults remember learning that way - by copying letters over and over again. Today' s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by itself.Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.

Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility,_which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency - writing without having to think about it. Fluency continues to develop up until high school.

But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about onefourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs.

But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board, which administers the SAT college admission test. More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.

[语篇解读] 文章介绍了在键盘普及的年代美国的书法教学情况。 1．We can learn ________ from Paragraph 1.

A. teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in teaching job B. most teachers prefer to teach handwriting C. teachers spend little time in teaching handwriting

D. a keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting entirely

[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中\handwriting\可知书法教学是基本的教学要求，A项为正确推论。根据\found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach

handwriting\可知，很多老师不愿意教书法课，B项错误；根据第一段末句可知C项错误；根据全段判断，只是说键盘普及使一些人认为书法渐渐过时了，D项错误。

[答案] A

2．Which of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA? A. The students are taught by practicing a long period. B. The letters are repeated many times. C. Handwriting includes two skills. D. To write in cursive is taught first.

[解析] 细节认定题。根据第二段可知，传统的书法教学重复很多遍并且持续时间长，因此A、B两项内容正确。根据第三段第一句可知C项内容正确；根据最后一段第二句可知D项内容错误。

[答案] D

3．The underlined word \ A. easy to read B. complex C. unexpected D. unreadable

[解析] 推测词义题。根据下文\可推测画线词的意思是\清楚，易读\。

[答案] A

4．The best title for the passage is ________. A. How to improve handwriting in school B. Right or wrong: the death of handwriting C. Handwriting involves two skills

D. Handwriting lessons are on the way out

[解析] 标题归纳题。作者对美国书法教学的现状作了叙述，没有自己的主观评论，故选择B。A项没有涉及，C项只是其中一部分内容，D项只是一部分人的观点。

[答案] B

5．The author' s attitude towards whether still to learn handwriting in school is________. A. negative B. objective C. critical D. optimistic

[解析] 态度判断题。根据全文的叙述，作者只是将美国书法教学的现状和不同人的观点呈现出来，并没有发表自己的见解，因此作者持客观的态度。[答案] B

[长难句解读] One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting.今年公布的一项研究发现，大约每四个教师中就有三个说他们不准备教书法了。published this year为过去分词短语作后置定语，found后面为宾语从句，其中又含有一个宾语从句they are not prepared to teach handwriting。

(第3篇)

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10. Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity rates. The study of 8,179 people was reported in the British Medical Journal.

Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970, 366 of the participants said they were vegetarians - although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.

Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106, compared with 101 for

non-vegetarians; while female vegetarians averaged 104, compared with 99 for non-vegetarians. There was no difference in the IQ scores, between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.

Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class, but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.

Vegetarians were more likely to be female, to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians. However, these differences were not reflected in their annual income, which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.

Lead researcher Catharine Gale said, \are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults, together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health, may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in adult life.

But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said，\_and _egg. Do people become vegetarians because they have a very high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be more aware of health issues？\

[语篇解读] 研究表明，素食和高智商有一定的关系。

1．What' s the result of the research mentioned in the text?

A. Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life. B. Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life. C. Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life. D. Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的\IQ points higher on average at the age of 10\可知A项正确。根据\可知这一结果可帮助解释B项中的现象，但B项并非这次研究的结果。故本题选A。

[答案] A

2．It was found in the research that________.

A. most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried out

B. vegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetarians C. female vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians

D. vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians [解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的\strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken\可知答案。

[答案] B

3．Catharine Gale talked about \ A. doubtful B. favorable C. negative D. objective

[解析] 推理判断题。根据第六段可知Catharine Gale只是客观地讲述研究结果，并没有表示自己的立场。故选D项。

[答案] D

4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but to many factors. B. The rate of getting heart disease is linked to your lifestyle.

C. The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain. D. The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.

[解析] 推理判断题。文章最后一句的意思是：人们成为素食者是因为他们智商高还是因为他们足够聪明而更注意健康问题？由此可见Dr Frankie Phillips认为素食和高智商的因果关系尚未明确，就像弄不清楚是因为有蛋才有鸡，还是因为有鸡才有蛋一样。故C项正确。

[答案] C

5．What' s the best title for the text? A. Get more IQ points! B. Be a vegetarian, please! C. Vegetarian diet cuts heart risk

D. A high IQ is linked to being a vegetarian

[解析] 标题概括题。本文介绍了一项研究结果：素食与高智商有关，故D项正确。作者并未提出建议，所以A、B两项错误；文章中虽然提到了心脏病，但不是文章的主旨，故C项错误。

[答案] D

[长难句解读] (1) A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10.

本句是含有定语从句的复合句。who were vegetarians by 30是定语从句，修饰先行词people。 (2)There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.

There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those是主句，who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken是定语从句，修饰先行词those。

(第4篇)

The hole in the Earth's ozone layer (臭氧层) has until now protected Antarctica from the worst effects of global warming. But scientists have warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures on the continent could rise by around 3 ℃ on average, with melting ice contributing to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 metres.

In the past decades the western Antarctic has seen rapid ice loss as the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have, paradoxically, been cooling, resulting in a 10% increase in ice in the seas around the region. This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in Antarctica, making much of the continent surface colder than usual.

But now that the gasses that cause the ozone hole have been banned, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60 years. By then the cooling effect will have faded out and the Antarctic will face the full impact of global warming. This means an increase in average air temperatures of around 3 ℃ and a reduction in sea ice by around a third.

The biggest threat to the continent comes from warming seas. Robert Johnson, a scientist who monitors Antarctica ice sheets, said, \metres thick. But once warm ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and could break up very quickly.\and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from western Antarctica has already resulted in a 10% rise in global sea level in recent decades.

Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming is required

immediately or it may be too late. \but it is an important part of the Earth's system，\70% of the world's fresh water and that is enough, if it melts completely, to raise sea levels by 63 metres.\

Even in a worse-case situation scientists don't expect the ice to entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, average sea level rise will be around 1.4 metres higher by the end of the century.

1. The underlined word \ A. rapidly B. approximately C. contradictorily D. apparently [答案] C

2. What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctica? A. It is causing the ice to melt faster. B. It is making much of the continent colder.

C. It is making the effects of global warming in the region worse. D. It is reducing the amount of water in Antarctica. [答案] B

3. What do scientists think is the biggest danger facing Antarctica? A. Rising sea levels.

B. Warming sea water temperature. C. Water pollution. D. Growing ice sheets. [答案] B

4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Antarctica is currently experiencing the full effects of global warming. B. The average temperature has increased by 3 ℃ in recent decades. C. Antarctica contains most of the world's fresh water. D. Ten percent of Antarctica's ice has already been lost. [答案] C

5. The best title for the passage is________.

A. Our planet in danger B. Antarctica melting away C. Action plan to save Antarctica D. Let's save the ozone layer [答案] B (第5篇)

We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to stay in your warm home and, every now and then，come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters (爬行生物) like to do the same thing!

Winter is the time when bugs (虫子) invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.

Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapauses. There' re different kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn' t when the temperature drops.

They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell how much sunlight there' s each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can' t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.

They' re looking for protection. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don' t really know they' re coming into your house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behavior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on your clothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your homes for warmth and food, but they don't care about humans.

[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍的是：为什么虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。 1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter. B. To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits. C. To mean that bugs will invade humans' houses for their winter. D. To put forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.

[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，虫子和人类一样，也会喜欢待在温暖的屋里，再结合文章的后面几段可知，本段暗示虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。

[答案] C

2．According to the text, what is diapauses?

A. It is the same as the animals' hibernation. B. It often appears in warm areas all the year. C. It is done to keep bugs active in winter. D. It is a deep sleep similar to hibernation. [解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知答案为D。 [答案] D

3．What often decides bugs' diapauses? A. The lower local temperature. B. The amount of sunlight. C. Kinds of environmental signals. D. The insects' inside temperature.

[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的\environment\可知，虫子的\是由多种环境可依赖性因素决定的，不一定全靠温度或者光照。

[答案] C

4．According to the text, bugs invade humans' homes to________. A. attack humans B. look for enough food C. seek for protection

D. show their evolutionary results

[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，虫子进屋是为了寻求保护，把自己置身于安全形势之下，而不仅仅是为了寻求食物。

[答案] C

5．What would be the best title for the text? A. Bugs' life on cold wintry days

B. Why do bugs invade your home in winter? C. Good relations between humans and bugs D. What does diapauses mean?

[解析] 标题概括题。整篇文章主要告诉读者的是：在冬天里，为什么虫子会入侵人类的住所。 [答案] B

[长难句解读] (1)There're different kinds of diapauses，but all are similar to hibernation，a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold.

此句是but连接的并列复合句，but后的部分中a time是hibernation的同位语，而且后面接了when引导的定语从句。

(2)Bugs are cold-blooded，meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside.

句中的meaning相当于which means；meaning后接that引导的宾语从句，在此宾语从句中含有the same as结构。

(第6篇)

July 21st,2007 was a typical English summer's day - it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however，the road into our village was flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids weren't with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls, ceilings pulled down.

At first we tried to push on through. We didn't want to move the children out of home, so we camped upstairs. We put a sheet of plastic across the floor to protect us from the damp. But after three months, we felt very sick, so we moved to a wooden house in a park. The house was small, but at first we were all just delighted to be in a new place. Unfortunately, things took longer than expected and we were there for 10 months. The life there was inconvenient. What surprised me most was how much I missed being part of a community (社区). We had lived in a friendly village with good neighbours，and I'd never thought how much I'd miss that.

Although our situation was very bad, it's difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what's happening elsewhere. I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought，\茅草房) that was swept away, and our house is still standing. We're lucky.\

We moved back home in August. With December coming，there's still reconstruction work to be done, so it's difficult to prepare for Christmas. But I can't wait-I'm going to throw a party for our friends in the village to say thanks for their support. This year, I won't need any gifts - living away from home for months has made me realize how little we actually need or miss all our possessions. Although we are replacing things, there's really no rush-we have our home back, and that's the main thing.

[语篇解读] 洪水给生活带来了困难，但在灾害面前，也能获得更多对人生的认识。 5．What does the underlined word \ A. Wrong. B. Missing. C. Right. D. Found.

[解析] 猜测词义题。从第一段中\，I rushed home from work...\可知作者还是像往常那样赶回家，因此没有什么不正常的，故选择A。

[答案] A

6．It can be inferred from the text that the author________. A. was sick of staying upstairs B. cared much about her children

C. could not stand living in a wooden house

D. did not deal well with her family affairs during the flood

[解析] 推理判断题。从第一段第五句Thank God the kids weren't with me，...可以看出作者最关心(在意)孩子。

[答案] B

7．Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph? A. Because her situation was not serious. B. Because many other places were flooded. C. Because she had been to Northern India. D. Because some others suffered even more.

[解析] 事实细节题。当作者看到印度北部遭受的洪水灾难比自己的更惨痛的报道时，深感自己应该庆幸。

[答案] D

8．What does the author mainly want to express by telling her story? A. She valued human feelings more than before. B. She realized she almost didn't need possessions. C. She found Christmas gifts no longer badly needed. D. She thought her own home was the most important.

[解析] 主旨大意题。从最后一段对即将来临的圣诞节的准备\our home back，and that's the main thing.\可知作者通过这次洪水认识到了她比以前更加珍惜人们之间的情感，故选择A。

(第7篇)

14 days from just ￡ 2,090 pp Fully inclusive from the UK

Price covers: International airfares, departure taxes, fuel charges, local transportation, accommodation, all meals, entrance fees, guides, daily tours and visas for UK citizens.

◆Days 1 3: UK Shanghai

Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food. Visit the beautiful Yu Gardens, Old Town, Shanghai Museum, cross the Great Nanpu Bridge and tour the Pudong area. Also explore Xintiandi with its 1920' s style Shikumen buildings and end your stay in Shanghai with an amazing Huangpu River evening tour.

◆Days 4 7: Shanghai Yangtze River Tour

Fly to Yichang and change (approx: one hour)to board your Yangtze River ship for the next four nights. Enjoy a tour of the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝)before sailing on the grand Yangtze River, passing through the impressive Three Gorges. We take a side trip to the Lesser Three Gorges or travel up the Shennong Stream in a peapod boat and enjoy various shore trips along the way.

◆Day 8: Chongqing Chengdu

Get off in Chongqing and drive to Chengdu for an overnight stay. ◆Days 9 10: Chengdu Xi'an

Visit the famous Panda Reserve to see the lovely animals.We then fly to the historic city of Xi'an for two nights' stay and enjoy traditional Shui Jiao. Next day, explore one of the most important discoveries of the 20th Century - the Terracotta Warriors(兵马俑) ，followed by the ancient City Wall and a performance of Tang Dynasty dancing.

◆Days 11 13：Xi'an Beijing

Visit Little Wild Goose Pagoda and see the ancient objects at the wellknown Shaanxi Provincial Museum before walking through the lively Muslim Quarter to see the Great

Mosque.Later fly to Beijing for three nights' stay and try Peking Duck.During our stay in Beijing, we stroll through Tiananmen Square to the Forbidden City, the largest and best preserved collection of ancient buildings in China, and visit the Summer Palace. Next day we take a walk on the Great Wall, tour the unique Temple of Heaven and enjoy an attractive Chinese Acrobatic Show.

◆Day 14: Beijing UK

Fly back to the UK, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories. [语篇解读] 本文是一则广告，介绍到中国旅游的一些日程安排。

1．The underlined word \． A. buy B. reserve C. taste D. make

[解析] 词义猜测题。该句说的是飞抵上海，在晚上应该是\品尝\传统的上海食物。其他选项明显不符合句意。

[答案] C

2．The first and last scenic spots to be visited in Xi'an are________. A. the Terracotta Warriors and the Great Mosque

B. the Terracotta Warriors and Shaanxi Provincial Museum C. Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Great Mosque D. Little Wild Goose Pagoda and the Muslim Quarter

[解析] 细节理解题。依据Days 910：Chengdu-Xi'an这个部分可知，在西安最先看的景点是兵马俑；再依据Days 1113：Xi'an-Beijing可知，离开西安前看的景点是the Great Mosque(清真寺)。

[答案] A

3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad? A. Tbe tourists will have to pay extra for fuel and meals.

B. The tourists will visit the 1920's Shikumen buildings in Beijing.

C. The tourists will take a side trip to the Three Gorges Dam during the tour. D. The tourists will stay in Beijing for three nights before leaving for the UK.

[解析] 细节理解题。依据Days 1113：Xi'an-Beijing这个部分的内容可知，游客要在北京呆三个晚上，所以选D。

[答案] D

4．The ad is mainly intended to________. A. encourage the British to travel in China B. attract the British to traditional Chinese food C. offer services of booking air tickets to tourists

D. provide the British with a better understanding of China

[解析] 写作意图题。这是一则广告，把旅游的日程安排以及中国的文化古迹、人文地理及美食介绍给英国游客，自然目的是A。

[答案] A (第8篇)

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions - those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person' s perception (感知) of another' s \a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either \primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a \of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studics by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth \food bottle. Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of \

universal.Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as \， or \influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses (假设) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of\

description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

\，\Bargh.

[语篇解读] 最近的心理学研究发现，人们对\温暖\或者\寒冷\的感受可以改变人们的情感。 5．According to Paragraph 1, a person' s emotion may be affected by________. A. the visitors to his office B. the psychology lessons he has C. his physical feeling of coldness D. the things he has bought online

[解析] 细节理解题。由文章第一段的第三句话可知，温暖的感觉激发温暖的情感，而冷饮在手则会阻止你做出不明智的决定，因此可以说一个人的情感可能会受到冷的感觉的影响。

[答案] B

6．The author mentions Harlow' s experiment to show that________. A. adults should develop social skills B. babies need warm physical contact C. caregivers should be healthy adults D. monkeys have social relationships

[解析] 细节理解题。在试验中，猴子喜欢去靠近布制的\妈妈\而不喜欢\金属线\做的\妈妈\。这使心理学家们强调养育者应该让孩子们多接触一些令人感觉温暖的东西，以帮助孩子们成长为有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故B项正确。

[答案] B

7．In Bargh' s experiment, the students were asked to________. A. evaluate someone' s personality B. write down their hypotheses C. fill out a personal information form D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

[解析] 细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中的\，the students were asked to rate the personality of'Person A'based on a particular description.\可知选A。在试验中，学生被要求评价某人的性格。

[答案] A

8．We can infer from the passage that________.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide C. physical temperature affects how we see others D. capable persons are often cold to others

[解析] 推理判断题。全文都在论述人们对\温暖\或\寒冷\的感觉可以影响人们对事物的评价。因此，物理温度会影响我们看待他人的方式。因此选C。

[答案] C

9．What would be the best title for the passage? A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation C. Developing Better Drinking Habits D. Physical Sensations and Emotions

[解析] 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是人们对物理温度的感觉对人们情绪的影响，D项概括性比较强。

[答案] D (第9篇)

In ancient Egypt ，the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.

Shades of that spirit spread over today' s conversations.Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked lightheartedly out the door，picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, \picnic. The weatherman says it' s going to rain.\peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.

Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus.As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, \minutes ago.\

It' s not the news that makes someone angry. It' s the unsympathetic attitude with which it' s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn' t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.

Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you are tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn' t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.

Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, \winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.

[语篇解读] 当我们告诉别人不好的消息时，我们应该以同情的表情和语气来表达。 1．In Paragraph 1 ，the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to________. A. make a comparison B. introduce a topic C. describe a scene D. offer an argument

[解析] 逻辑推理题。从第一段可知，作者用\法老的故事\来引出文章的话题，所以答案选B。 [答案] B

2．In the writer' s opinion, his neighbor was________. A. friendly B. warmhearted C. not considerate D. not helpful

[解析] 事实细节题。文章中第二段，作者的邻居高兴地向作者传达一个坏消息，他没有考虑作者的感受，由此可知作者的邻居很不会体贴人，考虑事情不周全。

[答案] C

3．From \！\ A. was mad at the sales agent B. was reminded of the cruel pharaoh

C. wished that the sales agent would have bad dreams D. dreamed of cutting the sales agent' s head that night

[解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章第三段推断可知，作者对售票员的这种行为非常愤怒，所以答案选A。 [答案] A

4．What is the main idea of the text?

A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication. B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success. C. Receiving bad news requires great courage. D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.

[解析] 主旨大意题。本文告诉我们\在日常交流中，当向别人传达坏消息时应该委婉地表达出来，以照顾到对方的感受，这在日常交流中是非常重要的\。由此可知答案为A项。

[答案] A (第10篇)

A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃.Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.

In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources (资源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二

氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.

There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world' s wood supply.

Rainforests are often called the world's drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.

[语篇解读] 文章论述了热带雨林的重要作用以及对环境的影响。 5．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they________. A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃ D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth [解析] 因果判断题。由文章第一段内容可以得出答案。 [答案] D

6．What does the word \ A. We will lose much more than we can gain. B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C. People have a strong desire for resources.

D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. [解析] 由上下文内容可知，A项正确。 [答案] A

7．It can be inferred from the text that________. A. we can get enough resources without rainforests B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns [解析] 推测判断题。由文章最后一段内容即可得出答案。 [答案] B

8．What might be the best title for the text? A. How to Save Rainforests B. How to Protect Nature

C. Rainforests and the Environment D. Rainforests and Medical Development

[解析] 主旨大意题。整篇文章主要论述了热带雨林的重要作用以及砍伐热带雨林对环境所造成的影响。

[答案] C (第11篇)

What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods，including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes - the list goes on and on.

The idea came from Pierre Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tufts University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升级) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skoll, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he_has_never_looked_back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet.

eBay sells connections, not goods, putting buyer and seller into contact with each other. All you have to do is take an ephoto, write a description, fill out a sales form and you are in business; the world is your market place. Of course for each item (商品)sold eBay gets a

percentage and that is a great deal of money. Every day there are more than sixteen million items listed on eBay and eighty percent of the items are sold.

[语篇解读] 文章向我们介绍了eBay网的一些情况。

1．We learn from the text that eBay provides people with ________. A. a way of buying and selling goods B. a website for them to upgrade C. a place to exhibit their own photos D. a chance to buy things at low prices [解析] 根据第一段内容可知。 [答案] A

2．Why did Pierre create eBay after graduating from university? A. For fun.

B. To make money.

C. For gathering the engineers. D. To fulfill a task of his company. [解析] 由第二段第三句话可知。 [答案] A

3．From \ A. did not feel lonely B. was always hopeful

C. did not think about the past D. became more and more successful

[解析] Peter由原来的业余爱好开始，逐步走向成功，创建了世界知名网站。 [答案] D

4．How does eBay make money from its website? A. By bringing sellers together. B. By charging for each sale. C. By listing items online. D. By making ephotos.

[解析] 由最后一段第一句话可知，这个网站通过提供交易平台，然后收取适当的服务费。因此B项正确。

[答案] B (第12篇)

I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didn't care about my work, and he didn't care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone，\are？\

At that time I didn't realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires，and shouted at the phone，\think you are？Bad telephone ! Bad telephone！\

I stood watching her, speechless. What on earth?

She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, \objects in this room - if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go！\

Then she turned to me, kissed me, and said calmly，\，you just have to learn how to take control. \

After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight，I noticed that something in my mood(情绪) had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone？Her antics_helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.

[语篇解读] \我\对自己的经纪人取消我的表演并且不及时接电话的行为大为恼火，冲电话大吼以泄愤，但接着妻子就此事的一系列异常及夸张的行为让我意识到自己对小事情反应过火，最后我的情绪得到好转，冷静了下来。

5．Why did the author shout at the telephone? A. He was mad at the telephone. B. He was angry with his agent. C. He was anxious about his wife. D. He was impatient with the secretary.

[解析] 推理判断题。从文中第一段\经纪人要取消我的表演、不接我的电话\等内容可得知我很生气。

[答案] B

6．What did the author's wife do after she heard his shouting? A. She said nothing. B. She shouted at him. C. She called the agent. D. She threw the phone away.

[解析] 事实细节题。从文中第二段最后一句得知她把电话丢进了垃圾桶里。 [答案] D

7．What made the author laugh? A. His own behavior. B. His wife's suggestion. C. His changeable feelings. D. His wife's sweet kiss.

[解析] 推理判断题。从文中最后一段中\

telephone？...realized I had been driven crazy by small things.\得知\我\为自己刚才的行为感到好笑。

[答案] A

8．What does the underlined word\ A. Smart words. B. Unusual actions. C. Surprising looks. D. Anxious feelings.

[解析] 猜测词义题。由文章的最后一段第一句可知妻子行为异常。 [答案] B

[长难句解读] After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out，shouting at everything in sight，I noticed that something in my mood had changed.看着一个疯狂的女人冲进冲出，并冲着她看到的每样东西大喊大叫后，我注意到自己的情绪已不知不觉地发生了变化。\．..in sight\为介词短语作状语，后面的主句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。

(第13篇)

How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals

\糖尿病)．Believing my career(职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it-the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.\

Karen Pickering

Swimming World Champion

\of my diary. This is the key to suceess-you can't follow a career in any field without being wellorganized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.\

Kirsten Best Poet & Writer

\something. Then，there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as'calm'，'peace'or'focus'， either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool.\

[语篇解读] 本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力，最后都取得了胜利。

1．What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about? A. Difficulties influenced his career. B. Specialists offered him medical advice. C. Training helped him defeat his disease. D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.

[解析] 推理判断题。第一部分写了Sir Steven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到了金牌，故D项符合题意。

[答案] D

2．What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary? A. Her training schedule. B. Her daily happenings. C. Her achievements. D. Her sports career.

[解析] 事实细节题。第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。

[答案] A

3．What does the underlined word\ A. Ways that help one to focus.

B. Words that help one to feel less tense. C. Activities that turn one's attention away. D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.

[解析] 猜测词义题。从下文\可以推出是指分散作家注意力的活动。 [答案] C

4．According to the passage，what do the three people have in common? A. Courage. B. Devotion. C. Hard work. D. Selfconfidence.

[解析] 事实细节题。第一部分中\，第二部分中\及第三部分中\都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处。

[答案] D

[长难句解读] Trust yourself，write down your goals for the day，however small they are，and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.相信你自己，不论目标多小，每天把它们写下来，这样你会向实现它们又迈进了一步。\祈使句＋and/or＋现在将来时句子\结构中，祈使句可转换成由if引导的条件句。本句含有两个祈使句，第二个祈使句又含有一个让步状语从句。

(第14篇)

People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. \individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, \Wong. \～10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.\

The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.

It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.

While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.

The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. \of food intake is in nature，\，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal.\

[语篇解读] 人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。

5．When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it________. A. faces danger B. has breeding rights

C. eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself

[解析] 推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。

[答案] A

6．The underlined words \ A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found out C. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away

[解析] 猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。

[答案] D

7．The experiment showed that the smaller fish________. A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willingly

C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish [解析] 事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。 [答案] B

8．What is the text mainly about? A. Fish dieting and human dieting. B. Dieting and health. C. Human dieting.

D. Fish dieting.

[解析] 主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。 [答案] D (第15篇)

Find Which Direction Is South

Do you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.

It' s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it' s still morning. If you don't know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but you'll need to be patient.

①Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow. ②Try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. You haven' t got any string？OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.

③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.

④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again. ⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks.

⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.

⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick. ⑧That point is south of where you are.

⑨Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.

[语篇解读] 你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。

1．To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because________. A. it is not easy to find a proper stick B. it is not easy to position the stick C. it takes hours to make the marks

D. it takes about half an hour to make the marks

[解析] 推理判断题。依据文章中的③⑤可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心。 [答案] C

2．The passage would probably be most helpful to________. A. those who draw maps B. those who get lost

C. those who make compasses D. those who do experiments

[解析] 推理判断题。依据文章第二段，\我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致\，可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为B。

[答案] B

3．Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?

[解析] 依据文章中⑥的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是A。

[答案] A

4．The author presents this passage by________. A. telling an interesting story

B. describing an activity in a lively way C. testing an idea by reasoning D. introducing a practical method

[解析] 细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。

[答案] D

(第16篇)

Plants can't communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower' s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.

Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away - or even chemicals that attract the bugs' natural enemies.

Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The \plants make when they're attacked.Scientists say the enose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.

The research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)．

The enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage - by insects or with a hole punch - had been done to the tomato leaves.

With some finetuning，a device like the enose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

[语篇解读] 植物会说话吗？植物如何\交流\？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反应。

5．We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by________. A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals

[解析] 事实细节题。从文章第一段中的\，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that...\可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流，所以答案选C。

[答案] C

6．What did the scientists do to find out if the enose worked? A. They presented it with all common crops. B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. C. They collected different damaged leaves.

D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

[解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实enose的效果，科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选D。

[答案] D

7．According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the enose is that it can________. A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quickly

C. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

[解析] 事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的\，the device could tell which type of damage...\可知，最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的\伤害\。

[答案] C

8．We can infer from the last paragraph that the enose________. A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhouses C. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects

[解析] 逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的\推断可知，enose还没有运用到greenhouses中，由此推断B是答案。

[答案] B (第17篇)

The year 2009 is the Year of Ox. The ox is a representative of the farming culture of China. In the farming economy (经济), oxen are the major animals pulling plows (犁)．

Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as \treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures.

In the past, oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the Chinese. Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities. For example, some people who live in southwest China will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13. They believe that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members. In order to express their love for oxen, people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar (农历), and during their run they will take their oxen along，which indicates they regard the creature as human.

Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. In addition, the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs, which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the Chinese nation.

[语篇解读] 牛年说牛，文章介绍了有关牛的一些民间文化。

1．The words \ A. animals for taking goods B. creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture D. tools in the farming economy

[解析] 猜测词义题。由第二段中的\内容可以得出答案，介词for是对前面作解释说明：为什么牛被看成陆地之舟。

[答案] A

2．From the third paragraph, we know that________. A. oxen are no more important today than in the past B. ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soup C. oxen are treated as human in some areas of China D. people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month

[解析] 理解判断题。由文章第三段的首句以及最后一句内容可得出答案。 [答案] C

3．Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs? A. The special role of oxen in farming. B. People' s respect and love for oxen. C. The practical value of an ox's body. D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.

[解析] 细节判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句话可得出答案。 [答案] B

4．Why does the author write the text? A. To stress the importance of oxen in farming. B. To introduce the Chinese folk culture. C. To describe how to celebrate the Year of Ox. D. To explain how to develop agriculture with oxen.

[解析] 写作意图题。由文章内容可知，作者是为了介绍有关牛的一些民间文化。 [答案] B (第18篇)

Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.

Components of Soil

Soil is made up of a number of layers (层) , each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.

Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.

Water Beneath the Soil

Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. Once in the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.

As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.

Soil pH

Soil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.

The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。 5．The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called________. A. litter B. topsoil C. humus D. subsoil

[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的\of rock mixed with rotten plant...which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients\可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoil layer。

[答案] B

6．According to the text, which of the following is NOT true? A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.

B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil. C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.

D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.

[解析] 考查细节判断。根据文章第二段中的\，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus\可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。

[答案] B

7．We can infer from the passage that the water table lies________. A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil

[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的\water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate\可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。

[答案] C

8．The underlined word \minerals from soil are________.

A. rushed away into the river B. cleaned and purified by water C. destroyed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and become part of it

[解析] 考查词义猜测。根据本句中的\可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。

[答案] D (第19篇)

The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success.Instead, it' s purposeful practice.Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you' d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn' t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.

This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self.It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.She'd be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.

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