高考复习之连词冠词 - 图文

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中小学1对1课外辅导专家 龙文教育学科老师个性化教案

教师 学科 学案主题 英语 学生姓名 年级 高三 课时数量 (全程或具体时间) 上课日期 教材版本 第(3)课时 人教版 授课时段 高考复习之连词冠词讲解 教学内容 高考复习之连词冠词 同上 教学目标 个性化学习问题解决 教学重点、难点:语法点讲解及运用 重点:同上 难点 连 词 【考点概述】 高考主要考查连词在一定语境中的正确使用,考查并列连词和从属连词的使用和区别。所以,准确理解语境是做好有关连词试题的关键。 【真题体验】 1. (08重庆卷) The artist was born poor, ____ poor he remained all his life. A. and B. or C. but D. so 2. (08 四川卷,12) In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children. A. but B. while C. because D. though 3. (08 江苏卷) It is often said that the joy of traveling is ____ in arriving at your destination ____ in the journey itself. A. 不填; but B. 不填; or C. not; or D. not; but 4. (08山东卷) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so 5. (09江西卷,33) The fact has worried many scientists _____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though 教学过程 6. (08北京卷,23) ——Did you return Fred?s call? —— I didn?t need to _____ I?ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because 7. (09四川卷,12)Owen wouldn?t eat anything _____ he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while 8. (09江苏卷,31) _______ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 9. (08 全国卷Ⅰ,32) The weather was _____ cold that I didn?t like to leave my room. A. really B. such C. too D. so 10. (09 湖南卷,34) _____ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as Key: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 1

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 考点一:并列连词 1.表示并列关系的并列连词 And(和、而且); both... And(既又);not only (just)... but also... (不但……而且); neither... nor... (既不……也不……); as well as(除之外,不仅,而且); or(或)。 如: (08 全国卷Ⅱ) Stand over there, and you?ll be able to see the oil painting better. 又如: 真题1 考查并列连词的用法。 and 表并列; or 表选择;but表转折; so 表原因或结果。 后一分句把表语提前,表强调之意;故答案为 A项。 2.表示转折关系的并列连词 并列连词 but(可是,但是)表示转折关系。表示转折关系的还有其它词或短语:however(然而,但是); nevertheless(然而,不过); still(但是,然而); while(而,然而); whereas(但是,相反); yet(可是); in spite of(尽管); on the contrary(相反)。 如: (08 湖南卷,23)I thought we?d be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead of time. 我原以为去听音乐会会迟到,但结果却提前到了。 又如真题 2 考查表转折关系的连词,but 和 while 都表示转折,但 while 意为“而,然而”,有对比、比较之意,故选 B。 3.表示选择关系的并列连词 Or(或);or else(否则);otherwise(要不然);either... Or(或……或,不是……就是);rather than(而不是);not... but... (不是……而是)。 如: 真题 3 答案为D 项,not... but 意为“不是……而是……”。 4.表示因果关系的并列连词 For(因为); so(所以)等。 如: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 又如真题 4,for 引导一个表示补充说明原因的并列分句,故答案为B。 考点二:从属连词 1.引导名词性从句的从属连词 (1)主从连词:that, whether, if(只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分)。 (2)连接副词:when, where, how, why(连接副词性从句,在从句中担任句子的状语)。 (3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(连接名词性从句,在从句中担任句子的主语、宾语或定语)。 如: (08北京卷) The companies are working together to create ____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 答案: C. 考查名词性从句。 what在此处引导宾语从句,又充当后面宾语从句的主语。 又如,真题 5 考查同位语从句的连接词。句中that 从句作 the fact的同位语。故选C 项。 2.引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1)when; while; as; whenever; after; before; (ever) since;as soon as (2)no sooner... Than; hardly / scarcely... when / before; the moment / minute / second / instant;immediately; directly; instantly (3)each time; every time; shortly after; till; until; the first / last time; by the time; next time; all the time (4)the day; the week; the year; the morning; the afternoon; any time 等。 如:Immediately the class was over, the students ran out. The next time I come here, I will visit my uncle. 2

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词 As; because; since; now that; seeing that; considering That; in that等。 如: 真题 6 根据题意表示原因用 because,故选 D 项。 4.引导条件状语从句的从属连词 If(如果); unless; so / as long as(只要); in case(万一); Once; if only; provided that; providing that; on condition that;for fear that; suppose / supposed / supposing that;given that等。 真题 7 句意为:欧文不肯吃任何东西,除非他亲自做。根据句意答案为 C。 又如: (08 安徽卷)—— Do you have a minute? I?ve got something to tell you. ——Ok, so long as you make it short. “你有时间吗? 我有事和你说。” “好的,只要你长话短说。 ” 5. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where (在那里),wherever (无论在哪里),everywhere (处处),anywhere (任何地方); 如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 真题 8,此处 where引导地点状语从句,指失业率和犯罪率高的地方。故答案为B。 6. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词 so... That(如此……以致); so that(结果); such... That(如此……以致于);so(因此);that(以至于);with the result that等。 如: 第 9 题句意为:天气是那么冷以至于我都不想离开房间。考查so... that...如此……以至于……引导结果状语从句。答案为D。 7.引导让步状语从句的从属连词 though / although (虽然); as (虽然); even if / though (即使);whether... or... ; whether... or not (无论……还是……);However(无论怎样); whatever(无论什么); whoever(无论谁);no matter how / what... (无论多么 / 什么.......), whichever, while, granting / granted that (即使,尽管),等。如: Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. 又如真题10,此处用 although 引导让步从句,指“虽然警察认为他嫌疑最大”。根据句意答案为A 项。 8. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词 as / just as(像……一样); as if / though(好像,似乎)等。如: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. It looks as if it is / was going to rain. 9.引导比较状语从句的从属连词 as... As(和……一样);not as / so... as... (与……不一样), than(比) 等。 如: I?ve never met anyone cleverer than you. Elephants would die out if man could shoot as many as they wished. 考点三:易混连词比较 1. when, while和 as when从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的;强调时间点。有时when 引导的时间状语从句在意义上与主 句是并列关系,when 相当于 and then, and suddenly。当从句的 动作发生在主句动作之前,只能用 when 引导,不用 as 或 While。 while 从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的,强调时间段,侧重主句动作与从句动作同时发生。 as 强调主从句的动作同时发生,可译为 “一边……一边……”,若表示“随着(时间的推移)”,只可用as。如: (04 上海卷,38) Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ___ she was bitten in the leg by a lion. A. when B. while C. since D. once 句意:Jasmine 和家人在“生动物园度假的时候,被狮子咬伤了腿。when 在本句中相当于 and 3

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 then, and suddenly,故答案为 A 项。 又如: I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a Tailor?s shop. (并列连词) = I caught sight of a tailor?s shop when / while / as I was wandering through the street. 2.because, since, as和 for because 用来说明人所不知的直接的原因,语气最强,引导的从句可以置于句首或句末,以句末居多,放在句首时通常用逗号。 since 可译为“既然”,往往表示一些对方已知道,或推断的、自然发展的原因,语气不如 because 强,引导的从句常置于句首。 as 表原因时,语气较 since 弱,表示不谈自明的原因,引导的从句常置于句首。 for 是并列连词,语气最弱,对前面分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。引导的分句置于句末,分句前要用逗号。 如:Because it was raining heavily, we went there by bus. Since everyone is here, let?s begin our meeting. As she was in a bad mood, we left her alone. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. (04 浙江卷,31) _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 句意为:鉴于进入模特行业绝非易事,优秀的模特需求量总是很大。根据句意选项 A、D 不可能,而C 项句子前后没有直接的因果关系,故选 B 项正确。 3.whether 与 if 二者都表“是否”,都可引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句一般可通用。如: I doubt if / whether the story is true. 以下情况中,只用whether,不用 if: (1)位于句首时,只用 whether,不用if。 如:Whether he comes or not has nothing to do with me. (2) 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时, 只用 whether, 不用 if。如: The question whether we will put off the meeting hasn?t been decided yet. (3)作介词宾语时,只用 whether, 不用 if。 如:It depends on whether he will come. (4)直接与 or not连用时,只用whether,不用 if。如: We don?t know whether or not she will come. 4. though, although 与 as though 与 although 引导让步状语从句时常可换用,但 though 可用于倒装语序,而 although 不能。 as 引导让步状语从句一定要倒装,即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as 之前。如: Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. Try as he might, he could not find a job. 【考点训练】 一、单项填空 1. (09安徽卷,22) —— I wonder how much you charge for your services. —— The first two are free _______ the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 2.(07 湖南卷,21)Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _______ the way they actually are. A. as B. or C. but D. and 3.(08 全国卷Ⅰ) The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _____ the season. A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however 4

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 4. (08 四川卷) There were some chairs left over _______ everyone had sat down. A. when B. until C. that D. where 5.(08 湖南卷) _______ the Internet is of great help, I don?t think it?s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 6.(08 江苏卷) _____ you eat the correct foods ___ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will 7.(08 福建卷) Nancy enjoyed herself so much ____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where 8.(08北京卷,30)The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 9. The first time we enjoyed ourselves was _____ we were visiting the Summer Palace. A. where B. how C. when D. why 10.(08 陕西卷,8) Tomorrow is Tom?s birthday. Have you got any idea_ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 11.(08 江西卷)Animals suffered at the hands of Man _____ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that 12.(05 辽宁卷,30)Follow your doctor?s advice, ______ your cough will get worse. A. or B. and C. then D. so 13. You may be allowed to watch TV ____ you _____ your homework. A. even if; finish B. on condition that; have finished C. in case; finish D. in order that; will finish 14. (06北京卷,29) ——Could you do me a favor? —— It depends on _____ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 15.(06 四川卷,23)—— Mom, what did your doctor say? —— He advised me to live _____ the air is fresh. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 一、 单项填空 1. A. 考查连词用法。while 此处是“但是,却,而”之意。用于强调二者之间的差别。“前两项服务免费,而第三项服务需要30 美元。”故选 A。 2. C. 根据句意应表示转折,故C 项正确。3.A. 本题考查状语从句连词用法。此处 whatever the season 是whatever the season is 的省略。 4.A. 句意:当所有人都坐下了,还有一些椅子剩下。 when用在句子中有 even though 之意。故答案为A。 5. B. 此题考查从属连词的用法。 While 此处表“虽然”,与though, although 意思相近,这是一个让步状语从句,故选B。其它几个连词都不能引导让步状语从句。 6.A. 此题考查的重点是 only if 与 unless 引导条件状语从句的区别。 Unless“除非”“如果不”引导状语从句,主句多用否定句,因此与题干不符。这里如果用 only if引导,后面的句子主谓倒装一下,更能准确表达此句所要讲的道理。故选A。 7.C. 句意:去年 Nancy 在悉尼拜访她朋友的时候,她玩得很开心。 本题考查时间状语从句,故用连词 when。 8.C. 句意:这些公司正在一起努力创造出他们所希望的21 世纪最好的交通方式。 what在此处引导宾语从句,又充当后面宾语从句的主语。故选 C 项。 9.C. 本题考查表语从句的连接词。 题干中the first time 暗示强调的是时间,故选 C 项。 5

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 10. D. 句意:明天是汤姆的生日,你认为晚会应当在哪儿举行?根据句意,从句缺地点状语,所以选D。 11. D. 句意:动物遭受着人类造成的灭顶之灾,因为人们摧毁他们是为了开垦更多的耕地以给更多的人提供食物。根据语境,此句是表示因果关系的状语从句。 in that 因为,符合要求。 12. A. 考查并列句连接词。根据 “祈使句 + and / or + 句子”句型和句意可知 A 正确。 13. B. 句意:你被允许去看电视的条件是先完成作业。 on condition that等于 so long as 只要。B 项正确。 14.C. which哪一个(有范围);what = the thing(s) that;which-ever = any (one)of... That;whatever = anything that. 根据句意 C项正确。 15.D. A 项错误是因为副词不能作介词的宾语;B 项是因为没有先行词;C 项先行词 the place 作 live 的宾语时应加介词in。故用 D 项引导地点状语从句。 冠词在高考单项填空中的7大考点 一、a与an的用法区别 a用于辅音前;an用于元音前。一般说来,元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音。 【真题再现】(1)Have you ever seen ______ tree as tall as this one? (1985全国) A. a B. such C. an D. / 解析:表示一类事物中的任一个用不定冠词,又因tree以辅音[t]开头(也是以辅音字母开头)用a。句意是:“你曾见过与这棵树一样高的树吗?”答案是A。 但需请注意以下3点: (1) 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词 hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用an。 【真题再现】(2)I have been waiting for him for ______hour and a half. (1980全国) A. the B. a C. an D. whole 解析:表示数量“一”用不定冠词,又因hour以元音开头,故用an。答案是C。 (2) 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用a。 【真题再现】(3)Five years ago her brother was _____university student of _____physics. (1990上海) A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; / 解析:因为university是以辅音[j]开头的要用a,排除B和C;physics是学科名词,前面不用冠词。答案是D。 (3) 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题 在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的。 【真题再现】(4)Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _____”m” here. (1989上海) A. an B. the C. / D. a 解析:因为字母m的发音是以元音[e]开头的,所以用an;这里的an的意义与one相当,表示“一个”。答案是A。 6

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 二、不定冠词的主要用法 1. 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前,表示泛指某类人或事物中的一个,意为“一个/位/座/项/段/次……”。a用在辅音前,而an用在元音前。 【真题再现】(5)-Have you seen ______pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it ______black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (1997全国) A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 解析:两空都指一类事物中的一个,句意分别是“你看到过一支钢笔吗?”“是一支黑色的钢笔吗?”答案是D。 (6)—Where is my blue shirt? —It's in the washing machine. You have to wear ______different one. (2003春) A. any B. the C. a D. other 解析:表示不得不穿另一件衬衣,故用不定冠词。答案是C。 (7)An accident happened at _____crossroads a few metres away from ______bank. (2003上海) A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; / 解析:句子大意是:“在离某个银行几米远的一个交*路口发生了一起事故。”注意bank和crossroads都是单数可数名词。答案是A。 (8)The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast. It is __17th century cottage. (2004浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 解析:两者都是指某类事物中的一个。句意是:威尔逊一家住在海岸附近的一座A形的房子里;那是一座17世纪时建的别墅。答案是D。 (9)There was _____time _____I hated to go to school. (2004湖北) A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when 解析:前者指“一段时间”用a time;后者是定语从句,代表先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语,用when引导。答案是B。 (10)In ______ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of ______heart disease by 76%. (2006湖南) A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a 解析:表示“一项调查”,用不定冠词a;heart disease前通常不用冠词。答案是C。 2. 表示“(数量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”。 【 真题再现】(11)I earn 10 dollars __hour as ___ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an; a D. an; the 解析:前者表示“每一(小时)”用不定冠词,又因hour以元音开头,用an;后者是在表示职业身份的单数可数名词前,用不定冠词a。答案是C。 (12)There's ______ dictionary on ______ desk by your side. (2003京春) A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 解析:前者表示“有一本词典”用a;后者是特指“你旁边的那张桌子”用the。答案是A。 (13)For a long time they walked without saying ___word. Jim was the first to break ____silence. (2004湖南) A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 解析:without saying a word(没有说一句话)中的a表示数量“一”。the silence是特指前面提到的这种沉默。答案是B。 (14)Mrs. Tailor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting -she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江) A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a 解析:前空表示数量一用不定冠词,因8的读音是以元音开头的,用an;后空have a gift for (有……天赋)是固定搭配。答案是C。 3. 用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前。 7

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 【真题再现】(15)When he left _____college, he got a job as _____reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津) A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the ; the 解析:leave college意为“大学毕业”;在as后表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词。答案是A。 三、定冠词的主要用法 1. 定冠词the的基本用法,即表示特指,相当于this(这), that(那), these(这些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到过的人或事物,或者双方都知道的人或事物。 【真题再现】(16)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ______. (2004四川) A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 解析:price特指双方都知道的某个价格。句意是:如果你买10个以上,他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士。答案是C。 (17)_____on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _____major concern of the country. (2004北京) A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填 解析:因为division后有介词短语between…and…的限制,这是特指的,所以要用the;又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词,表示“这个国家所关切的一件大事”,所以前面要用不定冠词。答案是B。 (18)On ______ news today, there were ______ reports of heavy snow in that area. (2004春) A. the; the B. the;不填 C.不填;不填 D. 不填;the 解析:前者是特指今天的消息,用the,排除选项C和D;在there be结构后的名词前通常不用the。答案是B。 (19)If you grow up in _____ large family, you are more likely to develop _____ ability to get on well with ______ others. (2005江西) A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the 解析:第一空是单数可数名词表示泛指用不定冠词a;第二空后的不定式作定语表示特指用the;第三空是复数表示泛指,不用冠词。答案是B。 (20)—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. —You shouldn?t put drinks near ________ computer. (2006北京) A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 解析:前者是特指谈话双方心里都知道的键盘用the;后者是泛指任一台电脑用a。选B。 (21)Don?t worry if you can?t come to ___ party. ——I?ll save ______ cake for you. (2006浙江) A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little 解析:前面的party是特指双方心目中都知道的那个晚会,用the,排除B和D;因在肯定句中,用而不用,排除C。答案是A。 2. 用于“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的”那一个人或事物。 【真题再现】(22)Which is _____country, Canada or Australia? (1992全国) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 解析:表示“(两个国家中)较大的那一个国家”用the,选D。注意若去掉句中的country,则应选B。 (23)If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ____. (1995上海) A. good B. the best C. better D. the better 解析:表示“(在这两者人中)John是较好的那一个”,用the better,答案是D。 (24)Of the two sisters, Betty is __ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 8

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 解析:表示“两姐妹中较的年青的那一个”,在比较级前加the。答案是C。 3. 用于介词短语中的方位名词前。 【真题再现】(25)Summer in ___south of France is for ___most part dry and sunny. (2000京春) A. /, a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the 解析:在带介词的方位名词前用the;for the most part (多半,大部分时间)是固定词组,答案是D。但在没有介词的方位名词前,不用冠词。如: We stood at the top of the mountain _____east of the city, watching _____burning sun rising. A. 不填;a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填;the 解析:east of前没有介词,不用the;sun前一般用the,但有形容词修饰时,用a表示“一个……样的太阳”。答案是A。 4. 用于最高级形容词或副词前。 【真题再现】(26)-Where?s ______nearest bookstore? -There?s one at _____ end of the street. (2000上海春) A. the; an B. a; the C. the; the D. a; an 解析:前者是最高级形容词前用the后者at the end of(在…的尽头或末尾)固定词组选C。 (27)Of all ______reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father?s advice was ______ most important one. (2006辽宁) A. the; a B. 不填;a C. 不填; the D. the; the 解析:前者是表示特指用the;由前面的of all…表示范围可知后者是最高级也用the。选D。 5. 用于play后的西洋乐器名词前。 【真题再现】(28)Alice is fond of playing ___piano while Henry is intersted in listening to ___music. (1989全国) A. (不填);the B. (不填); (不填) C. the; (不填) D. the; the 解析:前者是play后西洋乐器名词piano前习惯上用the;抽像名词music是不可数名词,不是特指时不用冠词。答案是C。 (29)After watching _____TV, she played ______violin for an hour. (1991全国) A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析:play(弹,演奏)后接的西洋乐器violin前要用the;watch TV是习惯说法,不用冠词。答案是D。 注意:在象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前,就不用冠词。 6. 用于“the +逢十的复数基数词”前表示年代。 【真题再现】(30)It is not rare in _____that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 解析:表示在几十年代,用“the+逢十的复数基数词”,排除选项A和C;表示在某人几十多岁时,用“one?s+逢十的复数基数词”。答案是D。 7. 用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”(越……就越……)句型中。 【真题再现】(31)It is believed that _____ you work, _____result you'll get. (1993上海) A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better 解析:由句式“the+比较级,the+比较级”可判断答案是A。 8. 用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位,意为“按/以……(卖/租/付款)”,常与buy, sell, rent, charge等动词连用。 【真题再现】(32)As a rule, the workers are paid ______.(2004上海春) A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours 解析:表示工人的工资“按小时付”用by the hour。选A。注意:在by weight(按重量)中不用the。 9

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 9. 用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位或衣着”中:用于该句型的动词常常是表示“打、抓、牵、拉、拍、踢”等之类的动词。 【真题再现】(33)A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg. (2001上海) A. a B. one C. the D. his 解析:表示一棵子弹打在这个士兵的腿上,表示人体部位的名词前用the。答案是C。 四、零冠词的主要用法(即不用冠词的情况) 1. 复数可数名词表示泛指和不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。 【真题再现】(34)Beyond ______stars, the astronaut saw nothing but ______space. (1990全国) A. the; (不填) B. (不填); the C. (不填); (不填) D. the; the 解析:前者是特指用the,后者space作“太空”讲是不可数名词,不用冠词。答案是A。 (35)Most animals little connection with ______animals of ______different kind unless they kill them for food. (2000全国) A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the 解析:前者是复数名词表示泛指不用冠词,后者的kind是单数可数名词前用a;也可看作是a kind of animals(另一种不同的动物)。答案是B。 (36)Mr. Smith, there's a man at_____ front door who says he has _____news for you of great importance. (2001京春) A. the, 不填 B. the, the C. 不填, 不填 D. 不填, the 解析:news是不可数名词,只是说“他有重要的消息要告诉你”但并不知究竟是什么消息,不用冠词;指双方都知道的前门前用the。答案是A。 (37)I don?t like talking on ______telephone; I prefer writing ______letters. (2002春) A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填 解析:前者on the telephone是习语后者letters是复数名词表示泛指,不用冠词。答案是B。 (38)The sign reads \全国) A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C the; the D. a; a 解析:前者是泛指,fire是不可数名词,不用冠词;后者是特指贴这告示边的那个红色按钮,另外,从前面break the glass也可得到启示。答案是B。 (39)Tom owns ___larger collection of ___books than any other student in our class. (2004江苏) A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the 解析:books是复数可数名词泛指书这类东西,而非特指具体的什么书,所以不用冠词;又因collection (收藏品) 是单数可数名词,又不是特指,所以用不定冠词。答案是B。 (40)It is often said that _____teachers have _____very easy life. (2005北京) A.不填;不填 B不填;a C. the; 不填 D. the; a 解析:第一空是名词复表示泛指, teachers泛指老师这类人,不用冠词;have /lead /live a … life(过着……样的生活)是习惯说话。答案是B。 (41)Everywhere man has cut down ______ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _____ wood as fuel or as building material. (2006重庆25) A. the; the B. the; / C. /;the D. /;/ 解析:因forests是名词复数表示泛指,不用冠词,排除选项A和B;而这里的wood是特指被砍伐后的“那些木材”,故用定冠词,排除D。答案是C。 2. 在as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。 【真题再现】(42)_____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆) A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 解析:as作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句时,一般将表语或状语提到句首,当作表语10

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 的名词是单数名词时,通常省略不定冠词。答案是B。 3. man(人,人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。 【真题再现】(43)While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which completely changed _____ man?s understanding of colour. (2004广东) A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a 解析:man作“人,人类”解,前面不加冠词;受名词所有格(man?s)修饰的名词前(understanding),也是不能用冠词的,所以第二空不用冠词。make a discovery (作出发现)是固定搭配。答案是A。 4. 学科名词前不用冠词。 【真题再现】(44)She is _____ newcomer to _____chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全国) A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the 解析:作表语的身份名词前一般用不定冠词,a newcomer表示一位新成员;physics是学科名词,前面一般不用冠词。答案是C。 注:下列3种情况虽未曾考过,但仍需注意: (1)球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。如play football踢足球。 (2)在某些独立主格结构中。如: The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。 (3)在表示“变成”的turn后作表语的名词不用冠词。如: He will never turn traitor. 他绝不会成为叛徒。 五、三种冠词表示类别时的用法比较 泛指一类人或事物时,不可数名词前不用冠词,可数名词有下列三种情况: 1. “不定冠词a(n)+单数可数名词”:指某类人或事物中的任何一个或者某一个。 【真题再现】(45)Jumping out of ______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______exciting experience. (2002全国) A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the 解析:前者指一类事物中的任一,即处于一万英尺高的“任何一驾飞机”,用不定冠词;后者指“一次令人激动的经历”,也用不定冠词。答案是C。 2. “定冠词the+单数可数名词”:指某类事物的整体。多用于讨论科技问题,常与invent, become extinct (=die out)等动词连用。 【真题再现】(46)Alexander Graham Bell invented _____telephone in 1876. (MET91) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 解析:这是是指表示电话这类东西的整体类别,用the。答案是C。 3. “零冠词+复数可数名词”:指具有某类人或事物特点的全体。 【真题再现】(47)Many people are still in ______habit of writing silly things in ______public places. (1993全国) A. the; the B. 不填;不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填 ; the 解析:public places(公共场所)是复数名词表示泛指;第一空受of短语修饰表示特指。选C。 六、有关冠词使用的疑难问题 1. 序数词前冠词的使用问题:强调顺序时用定冠词;当不强调顺序,而是表示在原来的基础上增加,即“又,还,再”时,用不定冠词。如: 【真题再现】(48)The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____third one because _____second one is rather too small. (2002上海春) A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 11

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 解析:第一空表示“还,再”用不定冠词;第二空强调顺序用定冠词。句意为:蛋糕很好吃,因为他第二块太小了,所以他想再吃一块。答案是C。 2. school, bed等前面冠词的使用问题:像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词,但若指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词,此时多用于go to或者be in/at之后。 【真题再现】(49)-Where is Jack? -I think he is still in_____ bed, but he might just be in _____ bathroom. (1992全国) A. 不填;不填 B. the;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;the 解析:题中bed是指其用途,即:be in bed在睡觉。第二空指双方都知道的洗手间。选D。 (50)When you come here for your holiday next time, don?t go to ___hotel; I can find you _____bed in my flat. (2004全国) A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 解析:题中bed不是指其用途,而是泛指“床”这类事物中的一个。hotel是特指这次住的那个旅馆。句意是:你下次来这里度假,就不要住那个旅馆了,我在我的公寓里帮你弄一张床。答案是A。 (51)This book tells ______ life story of John Smith, who left _____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. (2005辽宁) A. the; the B. a; the C. the;不填 D. a;不填 解析:因后面的of John Smith是特指,所以用定冠词the;leave school(毕业)不用冠词。答案是C。 3. 专有名词前的冠词使用问题:一般不用冠词,如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词:①“the+姓氏复数”:表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”。 【真题再现】(52)__will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993上海) A. The Evens B. The Evens? C. The Evenses D. Evenses? 解析:能在句中作主语,应当是指Evens一家人或Evens夫妇。 答案是C。 (53)—Who did you spend last weekend with? —______. (1998上海) A. Palmer?s B. The Palmers? C. The Palmers D. The Palmer?s 解析:从句话可知应当回答的是who,表示姓某的一家人或夫妇,是“the+姓氏的复数”。答案是C。 ②“a(n)+人名”:表示“……式的人物”或“(有)一个名叫……的人”。 【真题再现】(54)I know _____ John Lennon, but not _____famous one. (2005山东) A. 不填;a B. a; the C. 不填;the D. the; a 解析:前空表示“(有)一个叫……的人”用a;后空表示特指,用the。句意是:我认识一个叫John Lennon的人,但不是那个著名的John Lennon。答案是B。 (55)—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn?t ______Mr. Smith here. (2006全国I30) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 解析:由语境可知是“这里没有一个叫史密斯先生的人。”表示“一个叫……的人”要用不定冠词。答案是B。 ③由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the。 【真题再现】(56)The most important thing about cotton in history is _____part that it played in _____Industrial Revolution. (2004重庆) A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the 解析:前者因为part后面有一个表示特指的限制性定语从句修饰,用the;后者“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,要用the。答案是C。 (57)On May 5, 2005, at _____World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang 12

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 Hao won the gold medal in men's doubles with _____ score of 4:1. (2005江苏) A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 解析:第一空是由普通名词构成的专有名词,前面要用the;第二空是指以4比1这样“一个分数”,用不定冠词a。答案是D。 (58)After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport. (2005安徽) A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. 不填; the 解析:因ride“一段车程”是可数名词,前面用不定冠词;第二空是由普通名词构成的专有名词,前面用the。答案是B。 (59)According to ______World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent ______spread of AIDS. (2006陕西) A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the 解析:前者是由普通名词构成的专有名词,用the,排除C和D;后者有表示限制性的of短语,为特指,也用the。答案是B。 注:(1)表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the。如the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基),the China of the 1960s(20世纪60年代的中国),the Smith you?re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。(2)若是在“专有名词(人名或地名)+普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如Beijing University(北京大学), Yale University(耶鲁大学)。 4. 物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题:一般不用冠词,但特指时要用the。 【真题再现】(60) In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by _____beauty of _____nature that he stayed for another night. (1991上海) A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 解析:beauty虽是抽象名词(不可数),但后有表示特指的of 短语,用the;nature作“大自然, 自然界”解是不可数名词,通常不用冠词。答案是C。 (61)I know you don?t like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国II) A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the 解析:music是抽象名词(不可数),前者是泛指的,不用冠词;后者是特指昨晚所看电影中的音乐,用the。答案是D。 注:下列两种情况也用冠词:(1)有的抽象名词具体化后,前面要加不定冠词。如a surprise一件预料之外的事,a pity /shame (一件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人),a pleasure(一件快乐的事),a time(一段时间)。(2)不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯/罐/瓶”。如:I?d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要来杯茶。 5. 表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题:一般不用冠词,但特指时用the;表示在某一个,或者受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a/an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天),a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。 【真题再现】(62)I can't remember when exactly the Rohinsons left _____city. I only remember it was_____ Monday. (2005湖南) A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a 解析:前者是指说话双方都知道的那个城市,是特指,用the;后者是指“某个”,用不定冠词a。答案是D。 6. 独一无二的事物名词前冠词的使用问题:像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe等独一无二的事物名词前通常不用冠词,但前面有形容词修饰,表示“一个……的……”时,用不定冠词。 【真题再现】(63)Wouldn't it be_____ wonderful world if all nations lived in _____ peace with one another? (1994全国) A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. the; the 13

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 解析:in peace(和平地、友好地)是固定词组;world前有形容词,用a表示“一个……的世界”。答案是A。 (64)It is _____world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen. (2004福建) A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. /, / 解析:题中两个world都有定语修饰,后者是前者的同位语,所以两个都用不定冠词。句意是:这是一个奇妙的世界,一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。答案是B。 注意:下列几种况虽然未曾考过,但也要注意: (1)含有day的节日前一般不用冠词,如May Day, New Year?s day, Christmas Day, April Fool?s Day, Mother?s Day等;但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the,如the Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。 (2)有后置定语的名词是特指某人或某物时,用the;但若指一类事物时用a/an。如I?d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. (我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。) (3)两个并列名词指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,第二个名词前不用冠词,如a teacher and writer(一位教师兼作家),a horse and cart(一辆马车),a knife and fork(一付刀*);但若是指两个人时,第二个名词前一般也要加冠词,如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。 (4)表示唯一职位或头衔的名词一般只有在作表语、同位语、补足语时,才可以不用the。 (5)表示三餐的名词前通常不用冠词,但有定语修饰时,可用不定冠词,如a good lunch丰盛的午餐。 七、习语中的冠词 1. 含定冠词的习语 【真题再现】(65)His daughter is always shy in ___and she never dares to make a speech to _____. (2001上海) A. the public; the public B. public; the public C. the public; public D. public; public 解析:前空表示“在公开的场合”,用in public;后空表示“公众”,用the public。答案是B。 (66)For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living. (2006山东21) A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the 解析:表示“演艺事业”stage前面习惯上要加the;后者表示“一种谋生的方式”用a。选B。 2. 含不定冠词的习语 【真题再现】(67)-I'd like _____information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have _____word with the manager. He might be helpful. (1995全国) A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a 解析:have a word with(和某人谈谈)是固定短语,排除选项B和C;information是不可数名词,前面不能直接用不定冠词,排除D。答案是A。 (68)Many people agree that ________knowledge of English is a must in ________international trade today. (1996全国) A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the 解析:前者a knowledge of….(掌握,精通)是习惯说法;后者trade是不可数名词,一般不用冠词。答案是A。 (69)One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ___good knowledge of basic word formation. (2002上海) A. / B. the C. a D. one 解析:knowledge一般作不可数名词,但表示“了解/掌握/精通……”时,常用a good knowledge of…。答案是C。 (70)When you finish reading this book, you will have _better understanding of _life. (2004辽) A. a, the B. the, a C. /, the D. a, / 14

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 解析:have an understanding of(了解,懂得)是固定搭配;又因为life作“生活、人生”解,是不可数名词,不是特指,不用冠词。答案是D。 3. 用零冠词的固定短语 【真题再现】(71)Paper money was in _____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in____ thirteenth century. (1999全国) A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填 解析:前者in use(在使用中)是固定词组;后者是在序数词前加the。答案是C。 (72)If you go by _____ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _____ fast one. (2005全国卷III) A. the, the B. 不填, a C. the, a D. 不填, 不填 解析:因为by train /bus等中习惯上不用冠词,排除A和C;表示“一辆快车”用a fast one,其中one是代词,代替train。答案是B 书面表达(满分30分) 你的英国朋友正在做一个课题;世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文:*词数100-120 一、通常方式1.生日聚会2.生日礼物3.生日祝福 二、我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由 15

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 参考范文 Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways, but the most common way is to hold a birthday party, at which friends get together to have fun drinking, singing and dancing.On the birthday, one usually receives nice gifts and good wishes from friends and parents.Sometimes, parents will prepare a special dinner or a cake to show their love for their children. Since birthday celebration is one of the important activities in one?s life, it can be done in more meaningful ways.For example, we can buy some flowers or cook a delicious meal for our mothers on that day.In this way, we express thanks to our parents in return for their love. 课堂练习 课后作业 本节课教学计划完成情况:照常完成□ 提前完成□ 延后完成□ ____________________________ 学生的接受程度: 5 4 3 2 1 ______________________________ 学生的课堂表现:很积极□ 比较积极□ 一般积极□ 不积极□ ___________________________ 学生上次作业完成情况: 优□ 良□ 中□ 差□ 存在问题 _____________________________ 学管师( 班主任)_______________________________________________________________ 学生成长记录 备注 班主任审批 教学主任审批 学生签字 16

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 参考范文 Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways, but the most common way is to hold a birthday party, at which friends get together to have fun drinking, singing and dancing.On the birthday, one usually receives nice gifts and good wishes from friends and parents.Sometimes, parents will prepare a special dinner or a cake to show their love for their children. Since birthday celebration is one of the important activities in one?s life, it can be done in more meaningful ways.For example, we can buy some flowers or cook a delicious meal for our mothers on that day.In this way, we express thanks to our parents in return for their love. 课堂练习 课后作业 本节课教学计划完成情况:照常完成□ 提前完成□ 延后完成□ ____________________________ 学生的接受程度: 5 4 3 2 1 ______________________________ 学生的课堂表现:很积极□ 比较积极□ 一般积极□ 不积极□ ___________________________ 学生上次作业完成情况: 优□ 良□ 中□ 差□ 存在问题 _____________________________ 学管师( 班主任)_______________________________________________________________ 学生成长记录 备注 班主任审批 教学主任审批 学生签字 16

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