大学体验英语综合教程第三版第四册课后答案

Unit1 Passage a

4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. applaud supposedly mirror devalue entail flexibility strive obligation consequently fulfill 1. Taxes are a(n) ____________ which may fall on everybody.

2. We ____________ the authority's decision not to close the hospital.

3. The doctor's instructions must be ____________ exactly; the sick man's life depends on it.

4. Do these opinion polls really ____________ what people are thinking?

5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to____________ in use of words and phrases.

6. In her office memos she tended to____________ the work done by her staff.

7. The history of railroad transport has partly been a history of____________ for greater efficiency and profit.

8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it____________ .

9. He is____________ one of the greatest experts in that field.

10. Absolute secrecy is essential.____________ , the fewer who are aware of the project the better.

Answer: 1. obligation 2. applauded 3. fulfilled 4. mirror 5. flexibility 6. devalue 7. striving 8. entailed 9. supposedly 10. Consequently

5. Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.

1 This period is usually____________ the postwar period.

2 It would be a setback____________ if we were denied the use of their software.

3 We make people mentally old by retiring them, and we may even____________ make

them physically old.

4 I know that the public____________ aren't interested in this issue.

5 My sister was always____________ to me____________ a model child.

Answer: 1. referred to as 2. at best 3. by the same token 4. at large 5. held up ... as

7. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)

Answer: With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.

2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)

Answer: He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.

3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)

Answer: Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.

4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心 (conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)

Answer: At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.

5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)

Answer: We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway. 8. Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enough with the housework ... or when they die .

看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟，给汽车换机油或其他一些典型的由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候

2.One exception to the “unnecessary father” syndrome is the glowing media attention that athome dadshave received.

这种“无需父亲”综合征的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

3. By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails.

同样，家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。

4.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers that the absence of fathers form households causes serious problems for children, for society at large.

目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩 —— 继而也对整个社会 —— 带来严重的问题。 5. As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are — not only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well.

作为一个社会，我们需要认识到，对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。

Passage b

3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. sack clue expansiveness define sphere depression sustain division sour equality 1. Some people do, and some people do not, believe in____________ of opportunity.

2. He bravely____________ a great loss from the death of his father.

3. Police have still found no____________ as to the whereabouts of the missing woman.

4. In designing a bridge, one must allow for____________ in hot weather.

5. One of the workmen was____________ for his always being drunk.

6. When boundaries between countries are not clearly____________ , there is usually trouble.

7. Gardening is outside the____________ of my activities.

8. She said that the hat made me look silly, but perhaps that was____________ grapes.

9. The newspapers are full of such____________ news nowadays as crime, natural disasters, and rising prices.

10. The____________ of the world into developed and underdeveloped nations is a gross simplification.

Answer: 1. equality 2. sustained 3. clue 4. expansiveness 5. sacked 6. defined 7. sphere 8. sour 9. depressing 10. division

4. Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.

1. Too much social life got____________ of her studies.

2. Ann did what she could to keep the marriage from____________ .

3. Police____________ murder but are still holding several people for questioning.

4. If you go on burning yourself out____________ , you ' ll injure your health.

5. As a result of his grandfather ' s influence, John____________ art while at school.

Answer: 1. in the way 2. falling apart 3. have ruled out 4. at this rate 5. took up

6. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.

Mounting evidence suggests that men and women think differently, and this seems to hold true in the unfortunate case of prejudice. New research by evolutionary psychologists at Michigan State University suggests that prejudice in men tends to be linked to aggression, while prejudice in women tends to be linked to fear. These researchers propose a “male warrior hypothesis” in order to explain how our history of group conflict may have shaped male and female psychologies in distinct ways.

Essentially, men are more likely to start wars and to defend their own group, sometimes in very risky and self-sacrificial ways. Attacking other groups represents an opportunity to offset these costs by gaining access to mates, territory, resources and increased status. Women, meanwhile, live under the threat of sexual coercion by foreign aggressors, and are apt to display a“tend-and-befriend response”toward members of their own group, while maintaining a fear of strangers in order to protect themselves and their offspring.

Answer:

越来越多的证据显示男人和女人的想法不同，这似乎适用于偏见这种令人遗憾的情况。密歇根州立大学进化心理学家新的研究显示，男人的偏见倾向于与侵略行为有关，而女人的偏见则倾向于与恐惧有关。这些研究者提出了一种“男人皆武士的假设”，以便解释群体冲突的历史是如何以独特的方式塑造男人和女人的心理世界的。

本质上，男人更有可能发动战争，以保卫他们的群体，有时他们会以一种非常冒险的和自我牺牲的方式来这样做。攻击其他群体意味着有机会补偿这些损失，并且可以有机会得到配偶、领土、资源和地位的提升。与此同时，女人生活在外来侵略者性胁迫的威胁下，对自己的同伙往往容易表现出 “照顾和结友”的反应，而保持一种对陌生人的恐惧以保护她们自己和后代。

Unit2 Passage a

4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

substitute eternally arrangement commit resemble constantly trace mutual ultimate attach 1. Countless fossil discoveries allow us to____________ evolution of today’s organism from earlier forms.

2. All legislation, all government, all society is formed upon the principle of____________concession, politeness and courtesy.

3. Several euro-zone governments object to the____________ , which they said put them at disadvantage.

4. It could take decades before people finally accept that everything they believed to be____________ true was merely a temporary set of measures that worked for a limited period of time.

5. Researchers have found that artificial____________ for the natural sweeteners actually increase One’s appetite and make him eat more.

6. Indeed, many college students do not select their ____________ career path immediately after they graduate.

7. We can not____________ too much importance to self-discipline in one’s success.

8. An electronic dictionary has an edge over a printed one — all its information can be refreshed____________ .

9. Advertising adds to societal definition of beauty and makes many of us aspire to____________models that grace the cover of magazines.

10. In most of the Western world, suicide is not a crime, but helping another____________ it is.

Answer: 1. compelled 2. compassion 3. disclosure 4. exploring 5. malnourished 6. plaguing 7. pledge 8. breach 9. span 10. transaction

4. Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.

1. It’s crazy to have ￡7 000 ____________in the bank and not put to use.

2. John didn’t come to his office on time this morning, because his car____________on the way to work.

3. I admire him because he is the top student of his class____________

4. I____________him（您未填写此题）for better judgment than he later showed.

5. Be careful about your behavior, or your long-established reputation will be destroyed____________one hour.

Answer: 1. sitting idle 2. broke down 3. in all respects 4. gave ... credit 5. by the conduct of

6. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Legendary entrepreneur Warren Buffet says: “Trust is like the air we breathe. When it’s present, nobody really notices. But when it’s absent, everybody notices.” You can run your business from startup to retirement on ethical principles. Now is when you must put the right things in place to build an ethical corporate culture: mission, values, clear and accessible policies and processes, corporate citizenship and philanthropy. The first step is to be a model of ethical behavior yourself. If your employees see you cutting corners and consistently working in gray areas, then they are probably going to do the same thing regardless of what your code of ethics says. It’s a monkey-see, monkey-do world we live in.

Answer: 传奇企业家沃伦?巴菲特说：“信任就像我们呼吸的空气。它在时，无人会真正留意，但一旦它不在，每个人都会注意到。”若坚持道德原则的话，你能把生意从创业一直做到退休。现在正是把以下这些正确的方方面面安排到位来建立企业伦理文化的恰当时机：使命、价值、明晰可及的规章制度、企业公民意识以及慈善心等。第一步是自己要做道德行为典范。如果你的员工看到你四处钻营并一直混迹于灰色地带，那么他们就有可能做同样的事情，而不顾公司的道德守则如何规定。毕竟我们是生活在一个上行下效的世界中。 Unit 6 Passage a

4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

Primitive Reveal identify confrontation arouse self-esteem achievement professional abandon soar 1. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great ____________. 2. Your____________is your good opinion of yourself or your respect for yourself. 3. It is a ____________instinct to flee a place of danger. 4. Later, some of his findings____________ much popular interest in his book. 5. She____________herself with the campaign against drug abuse. 6.The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military____________. 7.Government employees swear an oath not to____________ official secrets. 8.Most of the students have already felt the pressure of____________ inflation. 9.Dozens of homes have had to be____________ as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. 10.After he won the amateur championship, he turned himself to a____________ boxer.

Answer: 1. achievement 2. self-esteem 3. primitive 4. Aroused 5. identified 6. confrontation 7. reveal

8. Soaring 9. abandoned 10. professional

5. Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.

1. Go ahead with it, and we will stand by you____________.

2.Last Sunday evening we went to the school playground to____________ the school football team.

3.The new evidence____________.

4.The garden has____________ our family for a long time.

5.For 12 years, we’ve sought to____________ this ultimate threat of disaster.

Answer: 1. through thick and thin 2. root for 3. backed up 4. belonged to 5. stave off

7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray ... as)

Answer:She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery. 2. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人犯的错误要少。(fewer ... than)

Answer:Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers. 3. 足球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得了胜 利。 (not ... but)

Answer:Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.

4. 尽管演员的演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能吸引住我们。(despite)

Answer:Despite the actors’ wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.

5.王教授是我能唯一指望救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)

Answer:Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.

8. Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. Die-hard football fans hit the heights when their team wins and reach the depths of despair when they lose.

当球队取胜时，铁杆球迷会兴奋到极点；而当球队失败时，他们又会极度低迷。

2. It reveals that football fans suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation than people who never watch Match of The Day.

这项研究显示，与那些从来不看“赛事集锦”的 人们相比，足球迷们所经受的沮丧和麻木要小。

3.This means you can be highly regarded not for your own achievement but through your connection toa team that wins.

也就是说， 你可能受到十分敬重，但这不是因为你自己的成就，而是因为你与获胜的球队有联系。 4. Not only that they tend to blame their team’s failures on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than onArsenal’s mistake or the other team’s skill.

不仅如此， 他们更愿意把他们球队的失利归咎于裁判不公或球运不佳，而非阿森纳队的差错或其对手的水 平。

5. That applies to all ardent sports fans. 这一点适合于所有的热情体育迷。 Passage b

3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

Recreation devote victim nothing propel conclude depress regardless finance benefit 1. Black is a cunning man, but he has finally become a(n) ____________of his own behavior. 2. They feared that rising inflation would further____________the economy. 3. We should ____________ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession. 4. The jury____________ , from the evidence, that she was guilty. 5. In the Mediterranean, there is a temperate climate____________to health. 6.You can’t accept ____________drug use and expect to control the drug problem. 7.John is a person____________ by ambition. 8.Many computer software corporations are experiencing ____________ reverses. 9.Don’t worry about my illness; what I need is____________ but a day’s rest. 10.We will persevere____________ of past failures.

Answer: 1. victim 2. depress 3. devote 4. concluded 5. beneficial 6. recreational 7. propelled

8. financial 9. nothing 10. regardless

4. Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.

1. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, ____________a tiny power

pack, in the patient’s chest.

2. I quite____________what you said, though I don’t believe that you can put it into practice.

3. Which sport has the most expenses ____________training equipment, players’ personal equipment and uniforms?

4. The doctor was asked to____________ the hospital because of an emergency case.

5. Beverage companies should____________collecting and recycling discarded plastic bottles and cans.

Answer: 1. along with 2. agree with 3. in terms of 4. go back to 5. be responsible for

6. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Psychological health and well-being should not be confused with the question of whether or not you suffer from mental or emotional disorder. The research on well-being concerns itself with the feelings of normal individuals, or subjects from the general population. When we talk about psychological health, we are referring to how ordinary people are doing in life. In other words, if you are feeling distressed, that doesn’t necessarily mean that you are mentally ill. Psychological health concerns itself with how you cope, how you are doing in response and whether you find life to be interesting and enjoyable.

Answer: 心理健康不应该因为你是否受到精神或情绪紊乱而感到困惑。关于健康问题的研究涉及正常人个体或者普通大众的感受。当我们说到心理健康，我们指的是普通人在生活中的所作所为。换句话说，如果你觉得压抑，这并不意味着你就有心理问题。心理健康涉及你怎样处理事情，你又怎样反应而且还涉及你是否觉得你的生活是有趣而享受的。

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