高考被动语态考点透视

高考被动语态考点透视

一、被动语态各种形式的时态

近年来，在上下文语境当中，考查被动

语态各种时态的区别是被动语态最为重

要的考点和命题趋势。因此，了解和掌

握被动语态在各种时态中的具体运用尤

为重要。

（一）、一般现在时和过去时的被动语

态: am/is/are（was/were）+ done

[典型考例]

1. The flowers were so lovely that

they ________in no time. [2007 全国

卷I]

A. sold B. had been sold

C. were sold D. would sell

2. —Did you go to the show last

night?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area

_________invited[2008陕西卷]

A. were B. have been

C. has been D. was

解析：以上两题答案分别为C和D。考

例1和2的语境均是过去时态，前者说

明花儿可爱，不久便销售一空。flowers

与sell之间存在被动关系，故选C； 后

者中every boy and girl与invite之间也

存在被动关系,结合语境，every boy and

girl做主语，谓语动词用单数，故选D。

（二）、一般将来时和过去将来时的被

动语态：will(would) + be + done

3. No any future

appointment until all the candidates hav

e been interviewed. [2008北京卷]

A. will be made B. is made

C. is being made D. has been made

解析：答案A。until引导的状语从句，

主句是一般将来时，其后条件状语从句

应用一般现在时表示将来，主句主语和

谓语之间是动宾关系，故用一般将来时

的被动语态，所以选A。

（三）、现在进行时和过去进行时的被

动语态：am/is/are(was/were)+

being+ done

4. —Have you handed in your

schoolwork yet?

—Yes, I have. I guess it ______now.

[2007 辽宁卷]

A. has graded B. is graded

C. is being graded D. is grading

5. —What’s that noise?

—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The

new machine ______. [2008浙江卷]

A. was tested B. will be tested

C. is being tested D. has been tested

解析：以上两题答案均为C。考例4中

的now是现在进行时的标志，schoolwor

k与grade(批改)之间存在被动关系，故

选C。从考例5中What’s that noise?可

看出，机器是正被检验中，才会发出噪

音，可见动作是正在进行的，故选C。

（四）、现在完成时和过去完成时的被

动语态：have/has(had)+been+done

6. With the help of high technology, m

ore and more new substances ______

in the past years. [2007 上海卷]

A. discovered B. have discovered

C. had been discovered

D. have been discovered

7. Professor James will give us a

lecture on the Western culture, but

when and where ____ yet. [2007 浙江

卷]

A. hasn’t been decided

B. haven’t decided

C. isn’t being decided

D. aren’t decided

8. In recent years many football

clubs ___ as business to make a

profit. [2008上海卷]

A. have run B. have been run

C. had been run D. will run

9. I like these English songs and they

_______many times on the radio. [2008

安徽卷]

A. taught B. have taught

C. are taught D. have been taught

解析：以上四题答案分别为D、A 、B

和D。考例6中的in the past years,考例

7中的yet、考例8中的in recent years

和考例9中的many times均是完成时的

标志，而且各题句子的主谓之间均存在

逻辑的动宾关系，结合句子时态，选用

现在完成时的被动语态。

10. I got caught in the rain and my

suit____. [2007 北京卷]

A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has

been ruined D. had been ruined

解析：答案C。句意：我被雨淋了，现

衣服毁了。用现在完成时被动语态来说

明(过去)淋雨对（现在）衣服毁了所造成

的影响。

11. John had to have his car repaired

in a garage because [2007

上海春]

A．damaged

B．was being damaged

C．had damaged

D．had been damaged

12. At the end of the meeting, it was

announced that an agreement ______.

[2007 江苏卷]

A. has been reached

B. had been reached

C. has reached D. had reached

解析：以上两题答案分别为D和B。考

例11中的car与damage以及考例12中

的agreement和reach之间存在被动关

系，并且damage和reach的动作分别先

于repair和announce发生，结合两题时

态，所以选用过去完成时的被动语态。

考点归纳：① 表示现在或经常发生的被

动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态；表

示现在之前发生的被动动作或过去某个

时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在且

该动作的结果对现在造成影响，用现在

完成时的被动语态。② 表示过去某个时

候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被

动语态；表示过去某个时候之前发生的

被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。③

表示现在或现阶段正在发生的被动动

作，用现在进行时的被动语态；表示过

去某个时候或过去某段时间正在进行的

被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态。

二、含有宾语补足语的被动语态

13. The wet weather will continue tom

orrow, when a cold front ______ to arr

ive. [2008全国I卷]

A. is expected B. is expecting

C. expects D. will be expected

14. He __ as a national hero for

winning the first gold metal for

his country in the Olympics. [2008重

庆卷]

A. regarded

B. was regarded

C.has regarded

D. had been regarded

解析：以上两题答案分别为A和B。考

例13和14的主干部分还原为主动语态

分别为：expect a cold front to arrive; r

egard him as a hero。它们的主语cold

front（冷锋）和he与各自的谓语均存在

动宾的逻辑关系。

考点归纳：有些动词如expect,keep,

name,call,consider,think,find后跟宾语＋

宾语补足语。这一主动结构变为被动结

构时，只需将主动结构中的宾语变为被

动语态中的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，

这时它就成了主语补足语。

三、含有双宾语的被动语态

15. — Do you have any problems if y

ou ______ this job?

— Well, I’m thinking about the salar

y…. [2008湖南卷]

A. offer B. will offer

C. are offered D. will be offered

解析：答案C。该句主干还原为主动是：

offer you this job。You与offer之间是

动宾关系。

考点归纳：“双宾”句型变被动时，可将

“间接宾语”或“直接宾语”变成主语，被留

在谓语动词后的一个称为“保留宾语”。

大多将“间接宾语”变为被动句主语。“间

宾”作保留宾语时，前面常加介词to或f

or.

四、被动语态与系表结构的区别

被动语态中的过去分词是“动词部分的

主干”，表“动作”，要用“相应的时态”；

而系表结构中的过去分词已变为形容

词，表“性质”或“状态”，常用“一般时态”

16. As the years passed, many

occasions—birthdays, awards,

graduations—________ with Dad’s

flowers. [2007 湖南卷]

A. are marked B. were marked

C. have marked D. had marked

17. When you get the paper back,

pay special attention to what ________

.[2007 四川卷]

A．have marked B. have been marked

C．had marked D．had been marked

解析：以上两题答案均为B。前者句意：

随着岁月的流逝，许多场合，如生日，

获奖，毕业，都有父亲的鲜花。 be mar

ked with:“留下记号；有……”，表状态。

后者句意：当发回试卷时，请留意被批

改的地方。此处be marked表被动。

考点归纳：①.如果强调动作或句中有介

词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为

被动语态，否则为系表结构。例：

The glass is broken． （系表结构）

The glass was broken by the boy．（被

动语态）

②．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，

一般为被动语态。

例：The door is locked． （系表结构）

The door has already/just been

locked．（被动语态）

③．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态

外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表

结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成

时态。

例 The machine is being repaired．（被

动语态）。

五、主动形式表示被动意义

18．The water_____ cool when I

jumped into the pool for morning

exercise. [2006 全国II卷]

A. was felt B. is felt

C. felt D. feels

解析：答案C。某些感官动词和系动词

之后接形容词，其主动形式可以表示被

动意义。此类常见的词有：look, smell,

taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等

19. I like getting up very early

in summer. The morning air is so

good__________ [2008宁夏卷]

A. to be breathed B.to breathe C.brea

thing D.being breathed

解析：答案B。当nice，good, easy，

fit，hard，difficult， important，

impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容

词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又

是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用

不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。

如：Japanese is not difficult to

learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）

考点归纳：动词的主动形式表示被动意

义的常见情形还有：

①表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的

这类动词有begin, start, open, close, en

d, finish, stop等。例如：School begins

in September

②主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性

的动词.常见的这类动词有write,

read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock

等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。

例如： The machine runs well. ③表示

主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, s

mell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例

如：Your idea sounds reasonable. ④在n

eed, require, want(需要) ,be worth 后

接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。例如：

The shoes require washing.

六、虚拟语气中的被动语态

20. If Newton lived today, he would b

e surprised by what ________ in scien

ce and technology. [2007 天津卷]

A.had discovered

B. had been discovered

C. has discovered

D. has been discovered

解析：答案D。句意：今天如果牛顿还

活着，现今科技的重大发现一定会让他

很惊讶。由于该句是对现在的虚拟，wh

at与discover之间当然选用现在完成时

的被动语态。

考点归纳：解这种题型的题目时，首先

一定要分清句子的哪部分是虚拟，哪部

分是事实，即陈述部分。然后，再根据

语境判断与选择恰当的语态，只有这样

方可确保万无一失。

七、被动语态的特殊结构

1. 感官动词或某些使役动词用省略to的

动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变

为被动语态时须加上to。

The little boy was made to do a

difficult job.

He was seen to enter the classroom.

2. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词

短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其

中的介词或者副词。

The child was taken care of by his

Grandmother.

3. 完成进行时和将来进行时都不存在被

动语态，如确需使用被动语态则用完成

时态或一般时态代替。

We have been talking about the matter

for an hour.

→The matter has been talked about for

an hour.

动词的时态和语态

1. [14江苏]23. —How much do you know

about the Youth Olympic Games to be held

in Nanjing?

—Well, the media ________ it in a

variety of forms.

A. cover B. will cover

C. have covered D. covered

2. [14安徽]23．The twins, Who _____ their homework, were allowed to play

badminton on the playground.

A. will finish B. finish

C. have finished D. had finished

3. [14安徽]30．People are recycling many

things which away in the

past.

A. had thrown B. will be throwing

C. were throwing D. would have

thrown

4. [14大纲]22. Unless extra money____,

the theatre will close.

A. was found B. finds

C. is found D. found

5. [14大纲]32. The reports went missing

in 2012 and nobody ______ them since.

A. sees B. saw

C. has seen D. had seen

6. [14福建]27. the past year as an

exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda

appears more mature than those of her age.

A. Spending B. Spent

C. Having spent D. To spend

7.[14福建]23.—Haven't seen you for ages!

Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and there for

one year, teaching as a volunteer.

A. stayed B. stay

C. had stayed D. am staying

8.. [14湖南]22. If Mr. Dewey _____

present, he would have offered any

possible assistance to

the people there.

A. were B. had been

C. should be D. was

9. [14湖南]28. Since the time

humankind started gardening, we _____to

make our environment more beautiful.

A. try B. have been trying

C. are trying D. will try

10. [14湖南, a

present, you should think about it from the

receiver’s point of view.

A. bought B. have bought

C. will buy D. buy

11. [14山东]1. Writing out all the

invitations by hand was more

time-consuming than we_____.

A. will expect B. are expecting

C. expect D. had expected

12. [14山东]5. They made up their mind

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