新目标八年级英语下册知识点归纳(1)

新目标八年级英语下册知识要点归纳

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

重点短语：

1.There will be sth.= There is /are going to be sth. 将有?.. 2.be free 3.on computer 4.live to be + 岁数 5.fewer +可数名词复数 更少... 6.less +不可数名词 更少的? 7.(many /much) more +可数名词复数/不可数名词 更多的? 8.be crowded 9.in five years一般将来时) 10.five years ago 五年前(一般过去时) 11.Sb will be +职业 某人将成为? 12.live in ? 13.fly to the moon 飞到月亮上 14.fall in love with ?爱上? 15.be able to do sth =can do sth 能做? 16.keep a pet 17.What will the weather be like tomorrow ? 18.come true 19.hear of ? 20.in the future 21.help sb (to) do sth = help sb with +名词? 22.hundreds of 23.thousands of 24.try to do sth尽力做? 25.try not to do sth 26.make/let sb +动词原形 27.the same as ?28.look like ? 29.wake up 30.It’s +形容词+(for sb)+to do sth 对某人而言，做某事是?的 31.over and over again 32.There be sb/sth +doing +地点 某处有?在做? 33.look for ? 34 live along 35 feel lonely 36 a lonely mountain village 语法小结：

一、一般将来时

1． be doing表将来：是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 We are having fish for dinner.

We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.

2． be going to do表将来：

一是表示―意图‖，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。

Are you going to post that letter?

How long is he going to stay here?

I am going to book a ticket.

二是表示―预见‖，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。

It’s going to rain.

George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat. 3. will/ shall do表示将来： 一是表示预见。

You will feel better after taking this medicine. Do you think it will rain? 二是表示意图.

1

I will not lend the book to you.

Take it easy，I will not do it any longer. 基本结构：

She will come to have class tomorrow. Will she come to have class tomorrow? She won’t come to have class tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? There be 的一般将来时两种

there will be

there is going to be

三、课文难句解析

1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？ 1) money 金钱；货币 paper money 纸币；钞票 2) in 100 years 在100年之后

―in+一段时间‖常用在将来时态中，常用how soon提问 eg． I'll come in an hour.

I'll see you again in three days.。

2. There will be less leisure time．空闲时间会更少。

less 形容词：较少的 little--less –least 修饰不可数名词 few—fewer --fewest修饰不可数名词 many/much—more--most修饰<不>可数名词

eg． Jane's less beautiful than Mary.

Five is less than six．

3. I think there will be more pollution． 我认为将会有更多的污染产生。

1) think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为―there will be+物+其他成分‖。

eg． I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。 I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。 2) pollution表示―污染‖，用作不可数名词。

例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution．他们采取大量措施制止水污染。 4. I don't agree． 我不同意。

I don't agree． ―不赞成某人或某人的观点‖， I agree。 表赞成 1) agree with sb: ―同意某人意见‖

eg． Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?

I don't agree with what she said． 我不同意她所说的。

2) agree to(+接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分) 表示赞同某建议，安排

eg．I agree to your idea． 我同意你的想法。

3) agree on(或upon)表示―就某时间，地点，人物等取得一致意见‖

2

eg．They both agreed on the date for the meeting．他们双方都同意开会的日期。 4) agree to do sth，表示―同意做某事‖。

eg．They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon．他们同意明天下午动身。

5. What （do you think） Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子? (插入语，用于特殊疑问词之后）其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。 eg． Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书? Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?

6. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们

1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示―因为‖。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。

eg．John didn't go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。 2) hate表示―不喜欢，憎恨‖，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示―讨厌做某事‖。

eg．He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。

I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。

7. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。

1) go doing sth. 结构，表示―去做……

go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船

eg．My father goes fishing every week． 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。 I like going skating．我喜欢去滑冰。

2) every day与everyday区别：

every day表示―每天‖，通常与一般现在时连用；

everyday表示―日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的‖，是形容词。例如：

eg．I get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。 He wears everyday clothes today．今天他穿一身便服。 8. During the week I’ll look smart，and probably will wear a suit． 1.wear强调状态： She wears a white skirt today.

2.put on 强调动作：It's cold outside. Put on your coat please. 3.dress后面加―某人‖：Tom is old enough to dress himself 4.be in后面加衣服或颜色：She is in a red dress. She is ...

9. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow?

What be … like? 用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见， ―……怎么样?‖ 类似的 What do you think of…? How do you like…?。

eg．What is the book like? ＝What do you think of the book?

＝How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?

3

go skating 去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳go shopping 去买东西

What's the weather like today?＝How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

2) What is／are…1ike? 可用来提问天气情况 也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问 还可以用来对其特性提问。

eg．What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样? What's the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样? What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?

10. There were many famous predictions that never came true．(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测

1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。 2) come true指―理想，梦想等实现‖。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。

eg．My dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。

Her dream to go to university has come true． 她上大学的愿望实现了。

Unit 2 What should I do?

重点短语：

1.want sb to do sth =would like sb to do sth 2.argue with ..和?争吵 3.out of style 过时 4.in style 流行的 5.adj/adv +enough足够的? 6.enough +n 足够的 7.What’s wrong with ?? =What’s the matter/trouble/problem with?? 某人/某物怎么啦？ 8.call sb up =call sb 9.a ticket to a ball game 一场球赛的票 10.write sb a letter =write a letter to sb 11.on the phone 12.talk about 13.be surprised at sth/doing sth 对?感到惊讶 14.get a part time job 找到一份兼职工作 15.borrow sth from ?从?借到? 16.lend sth to sb 把?借给? 17.ask sb for sth 向某人请求 18.either也 否定句句末 too 肯定句句末 19.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买? 20.like to do sth /like doing sth 21.That’s a good idea 22.tell sb (not) to do sth 23.I don’t know what to do 24.else别的 位于特殊疑问词和不定代词之后(somebody else , what else) other 放在名词之前 25.except sb/sth/doing sth 除?之外 (不包括) besides 除?之外还有 26.be upset 沮丧 27.leave sth +介词地点 把?遗忘在? 28.get on/along well with sb 29.have a (fight with) sb 30.give some advice 31.busy enough 32.from?to 33.It’s time for +名词 = It’s time to do sth 该做?的时候了 34.as much as possible 35.complain about sb/sth/doing sth 抱怨? 36.under too much pressure 37.take part in 38.see sb doing sth 看见某人在做? see sb do sth 看见某人做了? 39.compare ?with?把?和?作比较 40.send sb. sth. =send sth to sb 41.Sb. find

4

it +形容词+to do sth某人发觉做某事是?的 eg: We find it important to learn English . 42.on the one hand 43.on the other hand 2．目标句型：

1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could … 4. You should… 5.

You shouldn’t… 3．语法

情态动词的用法 Ⅰ 【重难点分析】

情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ

* 情态动词也可称为―情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)‖，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。

* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。 * 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。 * 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。 一、九大情态动词的时态关系： 1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might 3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would

5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替） 二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to) （1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”： 1. He can't be at home. (否定句)

5

他不可能在家。

2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗?

3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。 （2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”： 1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。 2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。 3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。 （3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：

1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。 2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。 （4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：

1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。

2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。 （5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：

1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。 2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。 3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？ 三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must) （1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”： 1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？

6

2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。 3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？ （2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”

1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走？

2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气) 请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？

（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见 1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？

2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？ 3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？ （4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can ) 1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。

2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。 3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？

4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？

5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。

6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求) 你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。 （5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：

1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。 2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强) 你们不准在池里钓鱼。

7

四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)

1．argue v．争论；争吵 argue with sb．与某人吵架 I argued with my best friend．

Don’t argue with him.

2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也

He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either． I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.。

② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）

I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．

We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too? 3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要??

Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work． 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。 I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。 If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。

He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back． 他不想向老师要回他的书了。 4．the same as... 与??相同

Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。 5．except 除??以外；（不包括??在内）

My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited． 除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。

All the students went to the park except him．＝ Only he didn't get to the park． They all toured America except her. 除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。 besides 除??以外（包括在内）

We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。

There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客 6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的

Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？ ─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) ─ I've got a headache．我头痛。

8

What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。 adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地 He answered wrong．他答错了。

They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。 7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽

The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。 We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。

Can she get on well with all the other students in her class? 她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?

8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架

I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin． 我不想和我的堂兄打架。 They never fight with each other.They are really good friends. 他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。 五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)

What should I do? You could write him a letter． What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him What should they do? They shouldn't argue． 六、词语辨析

1. ①get sb. to do? 使??做（以人为对象时，有“说服??使做??”的含义） He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。 You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。

②ask sb. to do? 邀请（人）做??

We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会 ③ tell sb. to do?让某人做某事 例如：

The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。 2、be in style 时髦的，流行的 be out of style 过时的，不时髦的

例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。

Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。

七、课文解释

1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。 此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊

9

eg. My friend always surprises me.

2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流

eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。

Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的电话 3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话

He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话 =He gave me a call from New York.

4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信 5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券

eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。 6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。

eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。 7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出

You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。 8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）

此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的” eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面 9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。 此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。

10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。 此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”

11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。 此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things” 12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。 Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把??忘在，落在（某处）的意思。 eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。 13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。 Try to do?努力做，试着做，尽量做 而try not to do 是尽量不做??

10

eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。

14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。 enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够??的”

eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。 15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下

16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事 see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事

eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球 17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做??（事）很难

He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

重点短语：

1.in front of?在?的前面(范围外) in the front of (范围内) 2.get out of ?从?出来 3.take off from? 从?起飞 4.land on ?降落? 5.call the police 报警 6.at around 10 o’clock 在大约10点钟 7.follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事8.walk down ?沿着?走 9.jump down 跳下来 10.take a photo 照像 11. on/in the tree在树上 12.run away 逃跑 13.think about ?考虑? 14.ask sb (not) to do sth 请某人(不要)做某事 15.in silence 沉默地16.at that time 在那时 at this time 在这时 17.in space 在太空中 18.Man walked on the moon for the first time . 人类第一次在月球上行走. 19.all over the world =around the world 全世界 20.in the city of ?在?市21.take place = happen 发生 22.hear about ? 听说? 23.be born 出生 24.as +形/副(原级)+as ?与?一样 25.The girl was shopping when the alien got out. /While the girl was shopping ,the alien got out . 当女孩在买东西的时候，外星人出来了.

2．目标句型：

1. What were you doing when...? 2. I was doing sth. when... 3. How about... / What about...? 4. What happened next? 5. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did...

3．语法

1. 过去进行时

2. 情态动词的用法Ⅱ 【重难点分析】

11

一. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。 They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。 过去进行时的构成：

肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing

否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing 疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。

基本用法：

1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：

What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？

I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。

I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。

2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：

When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded. 3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：

I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 4. when作并列连词，表示―（这时）突然‖之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：

I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。 二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅱ

4、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须” （shall, should, may, might, must, ought to） （1）shall 和 should 用于表示“必须”：

①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。 ②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该) 我应该尽快给他回信。 ③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't ―不应该‖含有劝告的意思) 你不应该总是以貌取人。

④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定) 新规则于一月一日起生效。

（2）may 和 might 用于表示“应该\多用于法律等条文，一般上多用 shall):

12

①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定) 应以支票付款。 ②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该) 你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。

（3）must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：

①. You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。

②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务) 我们必须服从命令。

③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用 needn't 或 don't have to) 我现在就得付款吗？

5、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算” (will, would, shall, should)

（1）will 和 would 用于表示某种意图：

①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。 ②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？ ③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事？

④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我们不愿呆在这里太久。 （2）shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图：

①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not) 如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。

②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。

6、情态动词表示“意愿” （will, would, shall, should） （1）will 和 would ：

①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。

②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用 would 比 will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗？

③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗？ ④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称) 如果他愿意，他会做的。 ⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气) 你能原谅我吗？

（2）shall 和 should ：

①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)他会拿到他的津贴的。 ②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意，坐多久能行。 ③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿) 你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？

三. 重点词汇

1．cut v．切；剪；割 cut (one’s)hair 理发

Be careful．Don't cut yourself．小心，别切到自己。

2．alien n．外星人

Nobody knows whether there are aliens or not．没人知道到底有没有外星人。 An alien got out of the UFO. 一个外星人从不明飞行物里出来。

13

3．land v．登岸；登陆；降落

The plane will land in ten minutes．飞机将在十分钟后降落。

A UFO landed in the middle of the field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。

4．while conj．当??的时候；在??之时 While I danced, she sang．我跳舞，她唱歌。

While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。

5．right adv．正好；恰好

The accident happened right over there．事故正好发生在那里。 He lives right in the center of the city. 他恰好住在市中心。

6．surprised adj．惊奇的；吃惊的

I was surprised that he was late for the party．我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。 She was surprised that I didn’t know about that. 她很吃惊我竟不知那件事。

7．kid v．欺骗；哄骗

I'm not kidding you．我没有骗你。

You’re kidding = No kidding. 别开玩笑了。

8．anywhere adv．到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中） Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?

They didn’t go anywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去

9．happen v．发生

A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday． 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 What happened to him on that day? 那天他怎么了？（发生了什么事？） sth. happen to +名词 发生于……身上

She hoped nothing bad would happen to him．她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。

10．get out of 从??出去

She tried to get out of helping her mother．她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。

Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。

11．run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走

The thief ran away when someone noticed him．当有人注意到他的时候，那个贼立刻逃走了。

12．at the doctor's 在诊所；在医院

I'm thinking of going to the tailor's．在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。

Mr. Cool’s = Mr. Cool’s clothes store at Jason’s = at Jason’s store She is staying at Mary's．她住在玛莉家。

I want to go to the tailor’s. 我想到裁缝店去一趟。

14

13. see sb. Do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事 she saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来.

四．词语辨析

1、in front of 与in(at) the front of

in the front of 在……的前面 （表示―有距离的前面‖，在一个参照物的前面） e.g.: There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车

in(at) the front of 在……的前头，前排（列）（在一个范围内的前面部位） eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排

2、get out of 与get into 是反义词 get into走进，进入

eg. He get out of the car and get into the building.

3、be amazing与be amazed

be amazing 令人惊奇的（修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性 e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。 Isn’t that amazing .那不很令人意外吗？

be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)（某人）对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语) eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news. 我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.

4、be surprising与 be surprised

be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing一样，也是修饰事物的） e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局 be surprised (at sth./to do…/that从句) （某人）对…(因…而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised 一样，也是人作主语。

eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。

5、in a tree与 on a tree

eg. Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗？

on a tree 在树上（指长在树上的东西） Look! There are many apples on the tree.

6、my flight to New York 与 fly to New York 前者是一个名词短语，后者是一个动词短语。 eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m. She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m.

五.课文解释：

1. You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象这事有多惊奇！ eg. You can imagine how fast he runs!

2. I followed it to see where it was going follow sb. to do sth. 跟随…去做…

15

eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there.

3. She didn’t think about looking outside the station. Think about (doing) sth. 她未想到去车站外看看.

4. say to sb. 对某人 say to oneself 自言自语

e.g.: He said to himself, ―Don’t be afraid.‖ 他自言自语,―不要害怕‖

5. look for 寻找（强调找的“过程”） find 找到（强调找的―结果‖） eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldn’t find it.

6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从床爬起来很难。 It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。

He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.

7. be killed 被杀害 be destroyed by… 被……摧毁……

8. walk home together in silence 沉默着一起走回家 in silence 状语（状态）

9. Not all events in history are as terrible as this. 并不是所有的历史上的大事件都像此事这样可怕。 Not all 并不是所有的（部分否定）

As…as… 与……一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级)

10. become the first Chinese astronaut in space. 成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员

11. His flight around the Earth Lasted about 22 hours. 他的环绕地球的飞行持续了22个小时。

12. Do you think sth. good can come out of sth. terrible? 你认为坏事能变为好事吗？

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working

重点短语：

1.have a surprise(surprising) party for sb 为某人举行一个惊喜的聚会 2.get/be mad at sb/sth 对?生气/恼火 3.on Friday evening 在星期五晚上 4.not ?any more /any longer 不再 5.first of all =at first 首先 6.at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 7.pass sth on to sb 把?传给?8.be good at =do well in +名词/代词/doing sth.在?方面做得好 9.be better at =do better in +名/代/doing sth. 在?方面做得更好 10.be hard-working 勤奋的 11.I’m sorry to hear that 听到你那样说我感到难过 12.have a cold 感冒 13. be/keep in good health = keep/stay healthy 保持健康 14.end-of-year exams 年终考试 15.report card 成绩单 16.get +形容词 变得?(例get tired/get angry/get nervous) 17.be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 18.have a hard /difficult time +doing sth./with sth 在?方面很费时间/在?方面不顺利 19.get over ?原谅/

16

克服? 20.one’s own sth 某人自己的事物(my own work) 21.forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth 忘记已做某事 22.change one’s life 改变某人的生活 23.sound like +形容词 听起来? 24.open up one’s eyes to ?开阔某人的视野 26. most of ?在?中的绝大多数 27.between?and?在?与?之间 28.feel lucky 感到幸运的 29.some of ?在?中的一些 one of ?在?中之一 30.return to?回到? 31.return sth to ?把?还给?=give back sth to? 2．目标句型： 转述他人话语

What did sb. say? He said I …She said she… They said… 3．语法

直接引语和间接引语

【词汇学习】

1．mad adj．极为愤怒的；十分恼火的

She was mad with me for losing my keys．她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。

2．anymore adv．再；还（用于否定句）

He doesn't come here anymore．他再也不到这儿来了。

3．however adv．无论如何

He can answer the question however hard it is．不管问题有多难他都能回答。

4．suppose v．假定；认为；料想；期望

What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么?

5．nervous adj．紧张的；神经质的

I felt very nervous when I went into his office． 当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。

6．semester n．一学期；半年

We will have ten subjects in this semester．这个学期我们将学十门功课。

7．disappointing adj．令人失望的

Maybe this news is disappointing ．也许这是一个令人失望的消息。

8．be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该

You are supposed to be successful．你应该成功。

9．get mad 变疯；变得着迷

She gets mad about going to dance．她对跳舞着了迷。

10．get over 恢复，克服困难

Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗?

17

11. first of all 首先 12. pass on 传递

13. be supposed to 被期望或被要求…… 14. do better in 在......方面做得更好 15. be in good health 身体健康 16. report card 成绩单

17. get over 克服；恢复；原谅

18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放 19. care for 照料；照顾

20．have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚会 21．be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒

【重点句型分析】

1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？ you know是定语从句，修饰前日面的名词soap operas

2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？ That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something.

3. Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。 be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火

be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火

eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours. （此处的got mad at = was mad at） not… anymore 不再……

eg. She didn’t cry anymore. 她不再哭了。

4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书

bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处）

而其反义词为：take… to ―从（近处）拿（走）到（远处） eg. Could you bring some water to me? Please take the chair to Jim’s room.

5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人 pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人

eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.

6.You want to know why C didn’t return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。

18

此句中why C didn’t return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序。（陈述语序）

7．You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it. 你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。

be supposed to do ……被期望，应该(做……)

eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。

【课文解析】

1. In English, I’m better at reading than listening. 在英语方面，我的阅读比听力更好。

be better at doing (than doing)是be good at ……的比较级，意思为―更擅长……‖ eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball?

2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。 better 是well的比较级

do well in 在…方面做得好 eg. Does she do well in physics?

3. I finished my end –of –year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。

finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed?

4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。

5. It’s not right to copy other’s homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。 请记住这一句型：It’s right for sb to do … It’s right for sb to do…

6. I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework. 我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。 注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性 注意 2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同

7. She said it was much better if she din her own work. 她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。 much +比较级，意思是―…得多‖ e.g. He runs much faster than I.

19

8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you. 在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。

此句中may+ 动词原形，表示―可能……‖ sound like +名词，意思为―听起来像……‖

9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in China’s rural areas. 每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书。 send …to …派，送…到…

10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. 她的村庄位于海拔2千米。

11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的空气使她病了

make sb. do 使某人干某事（此处只能用动词原形，不能+to）

12.They love heaving volunteer teachers there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。 love doing (to do)

13.There often isn’t money for education. 经常没有钱来受教育。

14. I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world. 我能开阔学生们的视野，把他们带到外部世界。

15. give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的新起点 give sb. sth.给某人某物

16. She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.

她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响。

17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much. 杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者。

18. care for ―Mother Earth‖ 关心―地球母亲‖

19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危险中的野生动物

20. I can’t do anything about that. 我对于那件事无能为力。

【词语辨析】

1. hard working： 形容词，可作表语、定语

20

work hard： 动词短语，―努力工作‖hard 是副词，修饰动作work. eg. a hard-working student ; He is hard-working.

Alice works hard.

2. forget to do忘记做……‖(to do 表示将来的动作)

forget doing…―忘记曾做……‖(通常与will, shall, never连用) e.g. Don’t forget to call me.别忘了打电话给我。

She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。

I’ll never forget seeing the musical in New York.

【重难点分析】 直接引语和间接引语

（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如：

Tom said to me,―My brother is doing his homework.‖

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 例如：

She asked Jack, ―Where have you been?‖ →She asked Jack where he had been. He said, ―These books are mine.‖ →He said that those books were his.

（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

1.陈述句的间接引语

陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。

“I want the blue one.” he told us. ―我想要蓝色的。‖ 他说。

→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要蓝色的。 She said to me, ―You can’t settle anything now.‖她对我说：―此刻你无法解决任何事情。‖ →She told me that I couldn’t settle anything then. 她对我说那时候我无法解决任何事。

2. 疑问句的间接引语

直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：

(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。

21

如：

―Has he ever worked in Shanghai?‖Jim asked. ―他在上海工作过吗？‖吉姆问。 →Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 ―Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：―你能告诉我去医院的路吗？

→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。

(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：

―Which room do you live in?” He asked. ―你住哪个房间？‖他问我。

→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。

―What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问―你怎么看这部电影？‖

→She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。

如：

“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问：―这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？‖

→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s. 妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 ―Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. ―你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的？‖凯特问。

→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语

当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如：

Jack said, ―Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说：―玛丽，明天请到我家来。‖ →Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students,―Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：―不要讲话了。‖ →The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。 ―Don’t touch anything.” He said.―不要碰任何东西。‖他说。 →He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。

4. 动词时态和代词等的变动

(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：

直接引语 间接引语 today that day

now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before

22

tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go

bring take

(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：

现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时； ―I feel better today.‖ He said. ―我今天感觉好多了。‖他说。

→He said that he felt better that day. 他说他那天感觉好多了。 现在进行时变为过去进行时；

―Xiao Ming is doing some washing” Mum said. ―小明正在洗衣服。‖妈妈说。 →Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing. 妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。

Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!

重点短语：

1.If you go to the party ,you will have a good time .(if引导的条件状语从句，时态

是 “主将从现”) 2.go to the party 去参加聚会3.have a great/good time =have fun

= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 4.let sb in 让某人进入 5.take away 拿走 6.all the time = always 总是，一直 7.make a living 谋生 8.in order to ?为了? 9.study for ?test 为?考试而学习 10.stay at home 呆在家里 11.Let’s have/make it ?让我们约定在? 12.half the class 一半的学生 13.end-of-year party 年终晚会 14.go to college 上大学 15.travel around the world 环游世界 16.make a lot of money 赚很多钱 17.get an education 受教育 18.in fact 事实上 19.a professional soccer player 一名职业足球运动员 20.play sports for a living 以运动为谋生 21.get injured 受伤 22.be famous for?因?而出名 23.too much+不可数名词/too many+可数名词复数 太多的?24.much too +形/副词 实在太? 25.so much +不可数名词 /so many +可数名词复数 如此多? 26.the past tense of ? ?的过去式

【单元目标】

Ⅱ．Sentence structures：

1. If you do, you’ll? 2. I’m going to ?

23

3. You should? 4. Don’t you want to ?? 5. Don’t you think ? ? Ⅲ．语法小结

1. if条件句

2. 现在进行时表示将来的时间

一. if条件句

1. if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。

构成 时态 例句 条件从句 If＋一般现在时 If he comes, 主句 主语＋shall/will+动词原形 he will take us to the zoo. 2. 用法：

(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”，主句不能用be going

to表示将来，而应该用shall，will。

If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错误) If you leave now, you will never regret it. (正确)

(2)if “如果”，引导条件状语从句，if从句则用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。如：

If it rains tomorrow, I shan’t climb the hills.

If I go to college, I will never become a great soccer player.

注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。

I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。 二. 现在进行时表示将来的时间

1. 用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等， 也可用于其他动作动词，如：

We are having fish for dinner. 我们晚饭吃鱼。

We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。

这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。

A: Where are you going?

B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?

A: Yes, I am just coming. Wait for me.

2. 现在进行时表示将来和用be going to 表示将来意思比较接近，但是现在进行时更强调事先已安排好，即将去做的事情, 而be going to 一般只表示打算做某事，有做某事的意图。我们来看两个例子：

She is having a meeting at 9 tomorrow. 她明天早晨9点有个会。

24

We are leaving for London next week.我们下周出发去伦敦。 这两个句子里就是用现在进行时表示将来已经安排好要做的事情。

IV. 重点难点分析

1. too much 和 much too

too much 后接不可数名词，用来表示数量太多，意思是“??太多了（数量多）”；much too后接形容词，用来说明程度的，意思是“太??（程度深）”如：

much too heavy 太重了 （表程度）

错误：He has drunk much too water.

正确：He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。（修饰不可数名词，表数量）

2. be famous for 和 be famous as

be famous for 表示“因??而出名”， for后接表示出名的原因；

be famous as 表示“以??身份而著名”，as 后接职业、身份或地位，表示作为??职业、身份或地位是著名的，如：

France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。 France is famous as a romantic country． 法国作为一个浪漫的国家而出名。

3. I want you to remember the rules for school parties.

want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

4. travel around the world 周游世界

e.g. Her dream is to travel around China. 她的梦想是周游全中国。

5. If we have it today, half the class won’t come.

won’t 是 will not 的缩写

if 从句用一般现在时，表示假设，主语用一般将来时。

6.reasons for becoming a professional athlete 赞同成为一名职业运动员的理由 for prep. （表示赞成、支持），其反义词为against

eg. Are you for his plan or against it? 你是赞成还是反对他的计划？ Which team did you vote for? 你投票给哪一个队（组）？

7.reasons against becoming a professional athlete 反对成为一名职业运动员的理由。

against prep. 反对，与?对抗 +名词或动词ing的形式 eg. Are you against my plan?

Our played against No.1 Middle School at basketball yesterday. 8.begin the story with the words.以这些话开头讲这个故事。

25

begin ? with? “以?开始（开头）”

eg. The word begins with “s”.这个词以“s”开头。 Does he know that a year begins with January?

9. consequence 后果、结果

eg. We should consider the consequences before doing.

10. have a great time 玩得高兴

11. take away 运走，取走

eg. Don't take it away. I'll use it. 不要将它拿走，我要用。

12. make a living 谋生

v eg.He makes living as a driver. 他以开车谋生。

13. make money 挣钱

eg. After he became famous, he made lots of money.

14. let in 允许??进入，嵌入

eg. Don’t let the beggar in. 不要让那个乞丐进来。

Ⅴ.课文详解

1. For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.

对许多年青人来说，成为一名职业运动员可能似乎是一份理想的职业。

might (表示可能性，推测)

might do 或许，说不定（一般表示比may 较低的可能性） eg. She might win the prize .她或许会获得那个奖。

The child might be home already.那孩子说不定已回家了。 seem like+ 名词 好像?，似乎?

e.g. It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好几年不见了。

2. You'll be able to make a living doing something you love. 你能做你喜欢的事来谋生。

be able to +动词原形，“有能力做某事”

e.g. She is able to learn English well.。 Doing something you love. you love 定语，修饰前面的something。

3. People all over the world will know you. all over the world 作定语，修饰

它前面的名词people。

26

4. This is a great chance that many people do not have. 这是一个许多人所不能得到的难得的机会。

that many people do not have是一个定语从句，修饰它前面的chance。 great (表示程度，放在名词之前)非常的，异乎寻常的

eg. a great talk 健谈的人

She is a great friend of mine. 她是我非常要好的朋友。

5. Watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.一直看着你，你走到哪都跟着你。

all the time 一直

eg. Look! The monkeys are running and jumping all the time.看，猴子们一直在跑在跳。

everywhere 副词（adv.）到处

I've looked everywhere for it.为了找它，我到处找了个遍。 The dog followed him everywhere.无论在哪，那狗都跟着他。

6. get injured =be injured 受伤 injured (adj)

eg. He was badly injured in the accident.他在那次事故中受了重伤。

7. You'll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are. 你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。 who your real friends are是一个宾语从句，它作knowing一词的宾语，这是一种“特殊疑问词+陈述语序的”宾语从句。

e.g. I don’t know where he is from.我不知道他来自哪里。 特殊疑问词+陈述语序

Can you tell me how old he is? 你能告诉我他多大吗？ how old he is是宾语从句。

8.I can’t remember how to get to your house.我记不起来怎样去你家了。

how to get to your house是不定式作remember 一词的宾语（此处不定式是指一个特殊疑问词+to+动词原形）

这个不定式短语可以用宾语从句来替换如下： I can’t remember how I can get to your house. E.g. Can you tell me how to get to Luxun Park? We know who we will ask.

9.get enough exercise 得到充分的锻炼

27

exercise 名词，“锻炼”

10.go back home 回到家，此句可以换成return home

11. laugh at you 嘲笑你 laugh at sib.嘲笑某人 E.g. Don’t laugh at a person who is in trouble. 我们不要嘲笑陷于困境的人。

12. How many aliens dye their hair brown? 多少外星人把他们的头发染成棕色？ dye v.把?着色，染色

She dyed her white skirt green.她把白色裙子染成绿色的。

Ⅵ.词语辨析 1.get to 与arrive

get to 与arrive均为“到达”之意。

①get to后面接名词，e.g. get to Shanghai/New York

但“到达这里/那里”则为get here/ get there。因为here和there为副词，所以它们前面不加to。

②arrive是不及物动词，它后面不能直接跟名词，必须与介词in/或at连用之后+名词。 e.g. They arrived at Jim’s house at 2p.m. （小地点之前用介词at） When did they arrive in Beijing? （大地点之前用介词in） I didn’t know when he arrived. 我不知道他何时到达的。 此处arrived后面不需要宾语，故也不要加in或at。 “到达这里/那里”则改为arrive here/ there

“到家”则为”arrive home”，因为here, there, home均为副词，所以不加in/at。

2. join和take part in

join与take part in均为“参加”之意，是动词

①join后跟一个组织，政党，社团，团体等，“参加并成为其中一名成员” eg. join the Party 入党

join the League入团

She wants to join the singing club. join sb. 是“参加到某人的行列”之意

eg. Won’t you join us in a tennis match? 你不想参加我们网球比赛吗？ He joined us for dinner. 他与我们共进晚餐。

②take part in （动词短语）指参加（某种活动）

eg. Are you going to take part in the discussion? 你要参加讨论吗？ He took part in the speech competition? 他参加了演讲比赛。

Did they take part in that meeting last Monday? 他们上周一参加那次会了吗？

28

八年级下学期期中复习（一）

一．重点词汇

1. in the future

in the future “将来，一段时间之后的事”；

in future “今后”，可解释为from now on,如：

The little boy didn’t know what he would do in the future, but he did know that he wouldn’t talk with Bob in future because they had just had a big fight.

小男孩儿不知道将来要做什么，但他的确知道他今后不会再和Bob说话了，因为他们刚打了一架。

2. fall （过去式：fell；过去分词：fallen）

fall down 跌倒, 例如： He fell down to the ground.

fall in love with 爱上某人或某物, 例如： He fell in love with her. fall into 掉入, 例如：He fell into the river.

fall onto 跌倒在…之上, 例如： He fell onto the ground from his bike. fall off 从…跌落下来, 例如： He fell off his bicycle. 3. talk 的用法

talk about sth. 意思是―谈论某事‖, 例如：

Now let’s talk about your homework. 现在我们来谈谈你的作业。 talk with sb. 意思是―和某人交谈‖, 例如：

My mother is talking with my English teacher. 我妈妈在和我的英语老师交谈。 talk to sb.意思是―对某人谈‖, 例如：

The teacher is talking to the students. 老师在对学生们谈话。

talk over sth.作―讨论某事‖解，宾语是代词时须位于副词over之前, 例如： They talked over the matter at table.他们吃饭时讨论了这个问题。 give a talk意思是―作一个报告‖

注意要表示 ―告诉某人某事‖时，须用tell sb. about sth.这样的结构。 4. argue with sb和discuss

argue 重在就自己的看法、立场提出论证说理，以说服他人。

discuss 重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分, 如： I argued with him for a long time，but he refused to listen to reason. 我和他辩论了好久，但他拒不服理。

The women were discussing hats. 女人们在谈论帽子。

argue的常见搭配有：

argue on / about sth. 就…进行辩论

argue with sb．about sth．就某事与某人一起辩论

5. enough ―足够的，充足的‖

29

enough作为形容词放在名词之前，起修饰名词作用，作为副词修饰形容词或副词放

置其后，常用于： be+ adj.+enough to do sth.的句型，意为―足以能……‖，如： She has drunk enough water/water enough. 她已经喝了足够的水。 I'm strong enough for this work. 我够强壮，足以能胜任这项工作。

The boy is not old enough to go to school. 这孩子不够上学的年龄。 He runs fast enough. No one can catch up with him. 他跑得足够的快。没人能赶得上他。 另外，enough前除可用quite外，一般不用修饰；enough作名词用时，表示―足够，充足‖，如：

The man never has enough. 这个人永远不知足。

I've had enough，thank you. 我吃饱了，谢谢。 6. find, find out和look for

find表示―找到，认为，觉得‖，强调动作的结果。常指找到丢失或忘掉的东西，如： Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。

I can't find my book.我找不到我的书。

look for意为―找，寻找‖是持续性动词，强调动作，不表示结果，如： She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。 I’m looking for my watch. 我正在寻找我的手表。 比较：He can’t find his pen. 他找不到他的钢笔了。 --- What are you looking for? 你在干什么？

--- I’m looking for my maths book. I can’t find it. 我正找我的数学书，我找不到了。 find out作经过打听，询问 后搞清楚，弄明白。或指―查明‖的动作，―经过调查‖发现，查明真相，如：

I can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事实的真相。 7. be angry with sb；be angry at sth

（1）表示―对某人生气‖，可以说 be/get/become angry with sb. 也可说be/get/become angry at sb.

前者更普遍，后者更侧重于：―对某人的言行生气‖。 如：

Mother got angry at（with）me only because I had broken a precious cup． 妈妈对我发火，只是因为我打破了一只贵重的杯子。

I was very（rather）angry at what he said．我对他所说的话非常生气。 （2）表示―因某事生气‖，可说be/get/become angry at sth. 也可说be/get/become angry about sth. 如：

He was angry at（about）what I said．他对我所说的感到生气。 She was angry at being kept waiting．她因别人让她久候而生气。 8. on the tree和in the tree

表示―在树上‖既可以用on也可以用in，但用的词不一样，所隐含的意思也就不一样：

30

in the tree通常表示所提物体不是树上长出来的，而是挂在、落在或是停歇在树上，如：

The birds are singing in the trees. 鸟在树上唱歌。

The child is staying in the tree. 小孩呆在树上。

on the tree通常表示所提物体是树上长出来的部分，如：

They are busy picking the apples on the trees. 他们正忙着摘树上的苹果。 There aren’t many oranges on the tree. 这棵树上桔子不多。 9. the same… as 同……一样的 same

adj. 同一的，相同的，如：

Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的这个时间和我见面。 pron. 同样的事物，如：

I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。

the same…as 同……一样的，表示与as后的事物很相像，但并不是同一个，如： Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。

the same … that = one and the same 同……一样的，表示与as后的事物完全一致，完全一样，如：

He was wearing the same shirt (that) he'd on the day before. 他穿的那件衬衫, 是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。

I went out the same way (that) I'd got in. 我顺着进来的原路出去了。

10. help with+n. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，如：

He often helps me with my English.= He often helps me to study English. 他经常帮助我学习英语。 11. bored 和boring.

bored 表示被动的含义，例如： I feel bored about it. 它使我感到乏味。 boring 表示主动的含义，例如：

It is very boring to study English. 学习英语很无聊。 12. surprise 动词―使惊奇‖，如：You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳!

(1)surprise 还可以作为名词―惊奇，吃惊‖；―可惊的事情, 意外的事情‖。作为―令人吃惊的事情，意外的事情‖是可数名词，如： What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事!

Don't tell him about the present — it's a surprise. 不要告诉他礼物的事，这是件意想不到的礼物。 (2)surprising 形容词―令人吃惊的‖，表示主动的含义，如： They have heard the surprising news. 他们听到了那惊人的消息。 (3)surprised 形容词―感到惊讶的‖，表示被动的含义，如： I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。 (4)to one's surprise 使某人非常惊奇的是，如：

31

To my surprise，I found him sing well. 使我吃惊的是他歌唱得很好。

二. 重点结构

There be 结构变形：在there be结构中还可把be改变从而使得there be结构有了一些改变，具体总结如下：

1. There used/seem/happen/appear to be，如：

There might be snow at night. 晚上可能有雪。

There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看来没人愿意帮忙。 There used to be a building here. 过去这儿有一座楼房。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有个人在此经过。 There doesn't seem to be much hope. 好像没有太大的希望。 2. 在there be的be前还可以加上各种情态词，如：

There must be something wrong. 一定有问题。

There ought not to be so many people. 不应该有这么多的人。 There might still be hope. 可能还有点希望。

3. 特殊的表达方式：

(1)There is no sense in doing. 做某事是没有用的，没有意义的 There is no sense in making him angry. 跟他生气是没有用的。 There in no sense in going alone. 一个人去是没有好处的。 (2)There is no need to do. 没有必要做某事 There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。

There is no need to give him so much money. 根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。 (3)There is thought/said/reported to be 人们认为有/据说有/据报道有 There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer. 据报道，找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。 (4)There is no doing（口语）不可能…….

There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。 There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。

八年级下学期期中复习（二）

一．重点词汇

1. different kinds of

意为―不同种类的‖，―各种各样的‖，等于all kinds of，kinds of 后面接可数或不可数名词均可。

kind有两个词性：

1）kind作名词，意为―种类‖。 如：

There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有很多种动物。 2）kind作形容词，意为―和善的，友好的‖。

32

如：

It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 2. advice

意为―劝告，意见，忠告‖等，是不可数名词，前不加冠词。 可用―a piece of advice‖，―pieces of advice‖的结构来表示数量。 与advice搭配的动词短语有：

ask sb. for advice 向某人征求意见 follow/take sb's advice 遵从某人的劝告 give sb. some advice 给某人提出建议 如：

The doctor gave us some advice on how to improve our health. 医生对如何提高我们的身体素质提出了一些建议。

3. 辨析leave和forget

这两个词都有―遗忘，忘记‖的意思，但用法不同，注意区别。 1）leave+sth.+sp. 指―把某物遗忘在某地‖ 如：

I left my notebook in the classroom. 我把笔记本忘在教室里了。 2）forget to do sth.指―忘记去做某事‖ forget doing sth. 指―忘记做过某事‖ 如：

I forget to tell her about it. 我忘了把这件事告诉她。 I forgot telling her about it. 我忘记曾把这件事告诉过她。 4. in hospital

该短语译为―住院‖，hospital前面无冠词，表示抽象概念。 而短语―in the hospital‖则译为―在医院里‖，并非生病住院之意。 在英语中，介词和一些单数名词连用，可以表示抽象概念。 如

at school 上学 go to school 上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 in/ out of jail 坐牢/出狱

5. take a day off

该短语译为―休一天假‖。off表示缺席、不在、不工作或责任的免除，如： You mustn't take a day off just because you want to see a football match. 你不能只是为了想看一场足球赛而休息一天。 I think I will take the afternoon off， because I get sick. 我想我下午要休假，因为我实在是病了。

6. be mad at...―对……非常愤怒，恼火‖，如：

They were mad at missing the train. 没赶上火车，他们气得发疯。 mad还可以和其他的介词搭配构成一些短语。 如：

33

be mad about―对……狂热，着迷‖； go mad ―发疯，疯了‖。

7. bring...to... ―把……带到……来‖。其反义词组为―take...to....‖，即―把……带到……去‖，如：

It is raining heavily outside. Take an umbrella with you.外面正在下雨，随身带把伞吧。 Please bring the long ruler here，and take the short one away. 请拿把长尺子到这儿来，把这把短的带走。

Mum，please bring the English book and the CDs to school. I need them for my English class. 妈妈，请把英语书和CD碟带到学校来。我上英语课时要用的。

8. be supposed to 为―认为必须；认为应该；认为……必要‖，如： Am I supposed to clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗？

You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五必须结清这笔账。 9. remind

remind及物动词，意为―提醒，使记起，使想起。‖

remind + doing sth.和remind sb. of sth.都可以表示―提醒某人做某事情‖ 如：

Please remind him closing the window when he goes to school. 他去上学的时候，记得提醒他关窗户。 10. make money 赚钱，挣钱。 make money=earn money 赚钱

如： He makes money by fishing. 他靠打鱼赚钱。 11. hard与 hardly

hard 为副词，意思是―努力地，费力地，辛苦地‖, 如： He works hard.他努力工作。

hardly否定副词，意思为―几乎不‖，表示否定含义, 如： He works hardly. 他几乎不工作。 12. response

相当于answer，reply，但是比这两个词的用法要正式。

常用于词组response to sb./sth.―回复某人或某事‖，注意to在这里是介词，它后面要跟名词或代词。

如： I've had no response to his letter. 我还没有给他回信。 13. be good at 和 do well in

这两个词组都意为―擅长……、善于……‖；

be good at 侧重于惯常的行为，do well in 侧重于具体的事情，指做某事做得好，但是现在这两个词组用法的区别日益缩小，通常可以互换。

be good at的比较级是be better at，反义词组是be weak in； do well in 的比较级是do better in，反义词组是do badly in。 如： I am good at English composition. You must do well in this test.

34

二. 重点结构

1. It seems that…是一个固定句型，―看来，似乎是，好像‖的意思。相当于―主语+ seem+ to do‖， 如果动词不定式为to be ＋ 形容词时，to be往往省略。 It seems that she is very sad. 她似乎很难过。

= She seems (to be) very sad.

It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。 = He seems to like his new job.

It seems that与人称代词连用，意为：―感到好像，觉得似乎‖， It seems to me that it will snow. 我看要下雪。

2. What's wrong (with sb./ sth.)?

What's wrong? 的意思是―怎么啦？‖，用于询问发生了一件什么事情，也可以在what's wrong的后面接一介词短语，询问某人或某物出了什么问题。 — What's wrong? 怎么回事？ — I don't know. 我不知道。

— What's wrong with your bike， Jake? 你的自行车怎么啦，Jake？ — It is broken. 我的车坏了。

There is something wrong with his leg. 他的腿出了毛病。 类似的表达方法还有： What’s the matter (with sb./ sth.)? What’s the trouble (with sb./ sth.)?

What’s up?

3. It is + adj. / n. + for sb. to do sth.，做某事对某人来说……，在这个句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，也就是to do sth.是真正的主语，而it只是形式主语，如果不强调对某人的影响，可以省略for sb.

It’s very good for you to read more English books. 多读些英语书对你来说是很有益处的。 It is quiet surprising to hear the news. 听到这个消息确实很震惊。 4. If +一般现在时句子，主语+一般将来时。

是if引导的条件状语从句。这里最关键的是要注意从句与主句的时态。 If he is ill，he won’t go to school. 如果他生病了，就不会上学了。

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

1.现在完成进行时态结构：sb have/has been +ving 2.for+时间段 已?了3.since +时间点/从句(一般过去时)自从?起 4.How long ?多久 (对for/since提问) 5.a pair of ?一双、一条、一副?(eg: a pair of glasses/skates/shoes/pants ) 6.raise?for 为?筹集..(raise money for charity 为慈善机构募捐)7.the first ?to do sth 做某事的第一个人 (eg She is the first student to get to school .)8.the whole five hours =all the five hours 整整五个小时 9.three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半 10.Sb.run out of sth.某人用完了某物 11.thanks for sth /doing sth 谢谢

35

你?12.by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下 13.on my seventh birthday 在我第七个生日 14.be interested in sth /doing sth对?感兴趣 15.fly a kite 放风筝 16.finish doing sth 做完某事 17.the capital of ? ?的首都/省会 18.It was interesting for me to learn history. 学习历史对我来说很有趣. 19.more than =over 超过?，多于? 20.less than ?少于? 21.the +比较级，the +比较级 越?，就越? eg: The more trees we plant , the more beautiful our school is . 我们种的树越多，我们的学校就越美.22.比较级+and+比较级 越来越? 23.far from ?离?远

一.【单元目标】 Ⅱ．目标句型：

1. How long have you been doing…? 2. I’ve been doing…since… 3. How long did sb. do…? 4. He / She did sth. for…

5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start?

7. How many do you have? 8. What do you like to collect in the future? 9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?

Ⅲ．语法 现在完成进行时

二.【重难点分析】 1. 现在完成进行时 构成：

肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing

否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?

现在完成进行时表达―某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去‖，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。

(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。

(2)She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。

(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。 在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t，如：

(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？

(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？ (3)I haven’t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。

（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。） 2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：

(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。 如：

36

I have read a book about birds. （已经读完） I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去） (2)两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。 如：

She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）

三.【重点词汇】 1. since的用法： (1)conj．

①(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以

来；……以后 eg．

It was years since l had seen her．自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。 his just a week since we arrived here．我们到这儿刚好有一周了。 ②(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为 eg．

Since he says so，it must be true． 既然他这么说，那一定是真的。 (2)prep． 自……以来 eg．

I have lived here since childhood．自小我就住在这儿。 He hasn't been home sincel993．1993年以来他还没有回过家。 (3)adv．

①(与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来 eg．

He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since． 他1985年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。 ②以前

(4)构成短语：ever since 从那以后(一直) long since 很久以前；早已

2. since，from和for

(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：

The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。 They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end．他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。 (2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。 如：

Many things have happened since they came here．自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。

37

The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester． 老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。

(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。 如：

The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。 I studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。 I've known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。 How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候?

3. favorite 作名词，指―最爱的物品‖，favorite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。

例如：

My favorite food is dumpling．我最喜欢的食物是饺子。

4. stop表示“停止，结束，阻止”

The light turned red．I have to stop． 红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。 (1)stop作名词，意为―车站，站点‖。 例如：

I get off at the next bus stop．我在下一站下车。

(2)stop作动词，意为―停止‖，常用于stop doing sth.结构中，表示―停止做某事‖，指停止正在做的事。

例如：

The students stop talking．学生停止了讲话。(动名词talking作宾语) (3)stop to do sth. 则表示―停下来去做某事‖，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。 例如：

The students stop to talk．学生们停下来(开始)讲话。(不定式to talk作目的状语) We should stop to have a rest．我们应该停下来休息一会儿。

(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示―叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事‖。 例如：

What can stop me(my)going? 有什么能阻止我去呢?

Nothing shall stop us from studying．什么都不能阻止我们学习。 5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不”

I have to finish the work by myself． 我不得不自己完成这项工作。

6. run out of… 意为“从……地方跑出来；用光……”

Class is over．The students run out of the classroom． 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出来。 四.【课文解析】

1. How long have you been in class today?

你今天上了多长时间的课？(或你在课堂多长时间？) (1)how long ―多长‖或―多长时间‖。对长度或时间段提问。 -- How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了?

38

-- For two years. 两年了。

(2)in class 在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class ―在课外‖。 We should read more books out of class. 我们在课外应该多读些书。 I have been in class for one hour. 我上了一个小时的课。 (3)现在完成时

①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 eg．

I have seen the film many times．这部电影我已看过多次。(已经非常了解这部电影) ②表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。

eg．

I have lived here since 2001．自从2001年以来，我一直住在这儿。(―住‖这动作延续到现在)

③构成：“have／has+过去分词”构成。 eg．

--Where is Jim and Mike? 吉姆和迈克在哪儿?

--They have gone to the Great Wall． 他们去游长城了。

2. Alison was the first one to start．艾丽森是第一个开始(滑)的。

(1)“be the first / second…+n. + to do…”表示“……是第一/ 二个做某事的”。 He is the last one to leave here. 他是最后—个离开这里的。 She was the first one to get to the school．她是第一个到校的。

(2)to start在这里是动词不定式作定语。

3. I'd like to collect stamps because they are interesting．我喜欢集邮，因为它们特别有趣。 (1)would like to do表示―想要做某事‖。 例如：

Would you like to come to join my birthday party? 你愿意来参加我的生日晚会吗? (2)collect意为―收集，搜集‖，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。 例如：

I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much．我非常喜欢收集各种中国邮票。 4．Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster． 非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。

(1)thanks for…相当于thank you for…意为―为……感谢你‖，后多跟名词短语或动名词。 例如：

Thanks for your last letter. 谢谢你的上封来信。 (2)send sb. Sth.相当于send sth. to sb. 表示―送给某人某物‖

He sent me a present for my birthday.

He sent a present to me for my birthday．我过生日他送了我一件礼物。 5. By the way，what's your hobby? 顺便提一下，你的个人爱好是什么?

(1)这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句，by the way在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意

39

思是―且说，顺便提一下，还有‖，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。

例如：

We shall expect you，by the way，dinner will be at eight．我们正在等着你，还有晚饭是八点开。 I was reading when the earthquake occurred，by the way，it was ―The Last Day of Pompeii‖．地震发生时我在看书，顺便提一下，我看的是―庞培城的末日‖。 By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗? (2)名词hobby表示―爱好‖是可数名词。 例如：

Your hobby is reading． 你的爱好是看书。

One of my hobbies is astronomy． 我的爱好之一是天文学。 Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby． 很多男人菜做得好，只是作为一种爱好。 6．It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries．它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。

(1)make 使役动词―使；让‖，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带to，类似的还有let和have。

eg．

He made the students laugh．他把同学们逗笑了。

The children must be made to clean their own room． 必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。 Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper. 李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。 (2)think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为 eg．

think about a plan 考虑一项计划

I always think about her when it snows．每当下雪的时候，我总是想起她。

What do you think about the film last night? 你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?

He was thinking about the time he spent in the army．他正在回想他在部队度过的日子。 We need to think about the plan．我们需要考虑一下这个计划。

(3)介词between表示在二者之间

There is a fence between his garden and our garden． 在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。

You're to sit between Moira and me． 你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。 五.【词语辨析】

1. every和each

(1)each一定数目中的―每一个‖；―个别‖意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。 eg． Each one has his weakness． 每人都有每人的弱点。

(2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的―每一个‖；―总合‖意义较重，表示―大家一致‖。 eg． Every one of us is here． 我们都到了。 (3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。 2. interest，interesting与interested

(1)interest作名词，意为―兴趣，趣味‖，用作动词时指―使(人)产生兴趣‖。 例如： He shows an interest in music． 他对音乐感兴趣。

40

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/0n0g.html