转基因植物致敏性的预测方法

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中国生物工程杂志

第23卷第12期

CHINA

B10佃CHNOLOGY

2003年12月

转基因植物致敏性的预测方法

翟黧:安妻价巍蠹焘慧?Q褂A

(国家新药安全评价研究中心沈阳

ll∞21)LXI’I

摘要转基因植物的过敏性评估是转基因植物安全性评价中的重要内容,简要介绍了国际上转基因致敏性评估采用的基本策略,重点阐述了氨基酸序列同源性分析技术在致敏性评价中的应用,同时针对当前致敏性评估的局限性,讨论一种致敏性评估的新方法——预测蛋白的免疫原性。通过对两种方法的介绍,旨在说明现代生物信息学在转基因植物致敏性评估中的应用价值。关键词转基因植物致敏性

同源性分析免疫原性预测

生物信息学

近年来转基因植物的环境释放和商品化应用面临的安全性问题受到社会的普遍关注,转基因植物的安全性评价已成为当前研究的重要课题”1。转基因植物的食用安全性是人们关注的焦点,目前安全评价主要集中于毒性、致敏性和营养学改变几个方面,由于很多常见食物能够产生严重的变态反应,因此转基因植物的致敏性问题受到格外的重视”’31。本文旨在对当前致敏性评价的基本策略作简要的介绍,重点讨论相似性比较在过敏原预测中的应用,同时探讨一种过敏原预测的新方法。

图1转基因檀物致敏性评估决策树

l致敏性评估的基本策略

转基因植物的致敏问题主要是食用过程中发生的食品致敏,所以评估方法也基本上参照食品致敏中的研究方法,现代分子生物学的发展特别是生物信息学的诞生使过敏原的评估有了新的途径。早在1996年,国际食品生物技术委员会和国际生命科学变态反应免疫学研究所(IFBc,115I)就综合了现有的食物致敏的有关知识和研究方法提出了转基因食品的致敏性评估策略,即所谓的决策树法

(decision

tree

(FA0,WH02001)["

晰明了,具有很强的操作性。转基因植物的致敏性评价中,对目的基因的来源特别关注。如果基因来自于已知的致敏材料,则基因转化要受到限制,除非证明基因编码的不是致敏原。同已知致敏原氨基酸序列的相似性比较是致敏性评估的首要途径,不论基因是否来自致敏生物,如果表达产物同致敏原序列相似,那么成为致敏原的可能性将增大。证明基因表达产物是否过敏的直接方法是特异血清筛选试验,即通过检测表达蛋白同对基因源过敏个体的lgE抗血清的反应。如果基因来自非致敏性材料,又没发现同已知过敏原的相似性,FAo,wHO建议进行靶血清筛选试验。靶血清筛选扩大了检测的范围,血清来自对基因源相近的物种致敏的患者,如对于来自没有致敏史的单子叶植物的基因致敏性评估,靶血清应该选择对其它单子叶植物过敏的个体的血清。过敏原蛋白在胃肠道中都有一定

appr∞ch)”J。这一评估法很快被

FAo,wHo专家组所接受,作为转基因植物致敏性

评价的指导方法。2001年FAO,wH0以IFBC,115I

决策树为基础,发展了新的决策树(图1)。

这一决策树同以前的相比,除去了机“m试验部分,增加了靶血清筛选和动物模型试验,更加清

收稿日期:2003.∞-lO

*电子信箱:唧ing@眦il

8yIn

cn

万 方数据

万 方数据

万 方数据

万 方数据

转基因植物致敏性的预测方法

作者:作者单位:刊名:英文刊名:年,卷(期):

邢立国, 杨错, 王捷, 蔡磊明

国家新药安全评价研究中心 沈阳 110021中国生物工程杂志CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY2003,23(12)

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