C200汽车电动助力转系统及悬架统设计 - 图文

东北大学毕业设计（论文） 摘要

摘要

C200型号汽车的转向系统采用电动助力转向系统(EPS)。其主要部件由转向操纵机构、转向助力机构、转向器和转向传动机构组成。其中转向操纵机构包括转向盘、转向管柱、转向轴和转向万向节；转向助力机构主要由电机、减速机构和电磁离合器组成，它起着转向辅助动力的产生，传递和中断的作用；C200型号汽车采用齿轮齿条式转向器；转向传动机构包括横拉杆和转向节臂。电动助力转向系统由电动助力电机直接提供转向助力，与传统的机械、液压助力转向系统相比具有转向灵敏、能耗低、与环境的兼容性好、成本低等优点，是汽车转向系统的发展方向。

同时，为了增加汽车的舒适度，C200型号汽车采用了双横臂式独立悬架。双横臂式独立悬架主要由弹性元件，减振器，导向机构三部分组成，三部分分别起到缓冲、减振和导向的作用。双横臂独立悬架使两车轮单独运动，互不影响，有助于消除转向轮不断偏摆的不良现象。当摆臂不等长时，适当的上下横臂长度，可以使车轮和主销的角度以及轮距的变化都不太大。不大的轮距变化可以由轮胎变形来适应。因此，不等长的双横臂式独立悬架在汽车的前轮上应用的较广泛。

关键词：电动 转向系 转向器 减震器 齿轮齿条 独立悬架

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东北大学毕业设计（论文） Abstract

Abstract

The steering system of C200-type automobile (for short: C200A) utilize electric power steering system (for short: EPSS), which mainly comprises the steering control mechanism, the steering mechanism, the redirector and the steering transmission mechanism. The steering control mechanism encompasses the steering wheel，the steering pipes, the steering shaft and the steering gimbal. The steering mechanism includes motor, retarding mechanism and magnetclutch, which facilitates in generating, transmitting and discontinuing power when steering. C200A adopts rack-and-pinion steering-gear, while the steering transmission mechanism consists of steering knuckle tie rod and steering knuckle arm. EPSS, driven directly by motor, owns advantages such as sensitive, low energy consumption, environmental compatibility, and low cost compared with traditional mechanical and hydraulic power steering systems and is future’s developing directions.

Concurrently, C200A adopts double-wishbone-type independent suspension which facilitates in reducing steering wheel’s continuously swing by making two wheels move independently mainly involving elastic element (act as a cushion), shock absorber (helps in reducing vibration) and guide mechanism (helps in guiding) so as to enhance the comfort level of automobiles.

By choosing the length of the top xarm and bottom xarm appropriately, the angle of wheel and master pin and the variation of talking point will be smaller. Small tread is accommodated by the tire deformation. As such, double-wishbone-type independent suspension in unequal length is widely used in contemporary society.

Key words: electric power, steering system, redirector, shock absorber, gear and rack, independent suspension

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东北大学毕业设计（论文） 目录

目录

毕业设计（论文）任务书 ......................................... 错误！未定义书签。 摘要......................................................................................................... i Abstract .................................................................................................. ii 目录....................................................................................................... iii 第1章 绪论 ..................................................................................... - 1 -

1.1课题背景 .............................................................................................. - 1 -

1.1.1电动助力转向背景介绍 .............................................................................. - 1 - 1.1.2汽车悬架系统研究背景 .............................................................................. - 2 -

1.2 国内外发展现状 ................................................................................. - 3 -

1.2.1汽车电动助力转向系统发展现状 .............................................................. - 3 - 1.2.2汽车悬架系统发展现状 .............................................................................. - 3 -

第2章 机械系统整体设计方案 ...................................................... - 5 -

2.1 确定设计参数 ..................................................................................... - 5 - 2.2 电动助力系统设计方案 ..................................................................... - 5 - 2.3转向器的设计方案 .............................................................................. - 6 - 2.4 悬架系统的设计方案 ......................................................................... - 8 -

第3章 电动助力转向系统的设计计算 ........................................ - 11 -

3.1转向系计算载荷的确定 ..................................................................... - 11 - 3.2 电动助力元件的选型 ........................................................................ - 11 -

3.2.1 直流电机的选择 ........................................................................................ - 11 - 3.2.2 减速机的选型 ........................................................................................... - 13 - 3.2.3 电磁离合器的选型 ................................................................................... - 14 -

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东北大学毕业设计（论文） 目录

3.2.4 扭矩传感器的选型 ................................................................................... - 14 -

3.3 齿轮齿条转向器的设计 .................................................................... - 15 -

3.3.1选择齿轮材料、热处理方式及计算许用应力 ........................................ - 15 - 3.3.2 初步确定齿轮的基本参数和主要尺寸 ................................................... - 16 - 3.3.3 确定齿轮传动主要参数和几何尺寸 ....................................................... - 17 - 3.3.4. 校核齿轮 .................................................................................................. - 18 - 3.3.5齿轮齿条转向器转向横拉杆的运动分析 ................................................ - 19 - 3.3.6 齿轮轴的校核 ........................................................................................... - 20 - 3.3.7 齿轮轴轴承的校核 ................................................................................... - 22 - 3.3.8 花键的校核 ............................................................................................... - 23 - 3.3.9 其他尺寸计算 ........................................................................................... - 23 -

第4章 双横臂式独立悬架的设计计算 ........................................ - 24 -

4.1 悬架主要参数的确定 ........................................................................ - 24 -

4.1.1悬架频率的选择 ........................................................................................ - 24 - 4.1.2悬架的工作行程 ........................................................................................ - 24 -

4.2弹性元件的选择 ................................................................................. - 24 -

4.2.1悬架刚度计算 ............................................................................................ - 24 - 4.2.2选择弹簧材料 ............................................................................................ - 25 - 4.2.3弹簧参数选择 ............................................................................................ - 25 - 4.2.4校核弹簧 .................................................................................................... - 25 -

4.3 导向机构设计 .................................................................................... - 25 - 4.4 减震器计算 ........................................................................................ - 27 -

4.4.1 减震器工作原理 ....................................................................................... - 27 - 4.4.2 相对阻尼系数 ........................................................................................... - 28 - 4.4.3 减震器阻尼的确定 ................................................................................... - 28 - 4.4.4 减震器最大卸荷力的确定 ....................................................................... - 29 - 4.4.5 减震器工作缸直径的确定 ....................................................................... - 29 -

东北大学毕业设计（论文） 目录

第5章 制动器的设计计算 ............................................................ - 30 -

5.1 概述及设计要求 .............................................................................. - 30 - 5.2 制动器的选择及结构方案分析 ...................................................... - 30 - 5.3 制动器主要参数的确定 .................................................................. - 31 - 5.4 制动器设计计算 .............................................................................. - 33 -

第6章 经济性和环保性分析 ........................................................ - 35 - 第7章 结论 .................................................................................... - 36 - 参考文献 .......................................................................................... - 37 - 结束语 .............................................................................................. - 39 - 附录................................................................................................... - 40 -

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