美国宪法修正案 中英文对照版

美国宪法修正案

Amendments to the Constitution

修正案[一]

国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由，剥夺言论自由或出版自由；剥夺人民和平集会和向政府诉冤请愿的权利。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[I]

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

修正案[二]

管理良好的民兵是保障自由州的安全之所必需，此人民持有和携带武器的权利不得侵犯。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[II] A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

修正案[三]

士兵在和平时期，未经房主许可不得驻扎于任何民房；在战争时期，除依法律规定的方式外亦不得进驻民房。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[III]

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

修正案[四]

人民保护其人身、住房、文件和财物不受无理搜查扣押的权利不得侵犯；除非有合理的根据认为有罪，以宣誓或郑重声明保证，并详细开 列应予搜查的地点、应予扣押的人或物，不得颁发搜查和扣押证。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[IV]

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

修正案[五]

非经大陪审团提出报告或起诉，任何人不受死罪或其它重罪的惩罚，惟在战时国家危急时期发生在陆、海军中或正在服役的民兵中的案件 不在此限。任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体伤残的危害；不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪；未经正当法律程序，不得剥夺任何人的生命、自由 或财产；非有恰当补偿，不得将私有财产充作公用。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[V]

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

修正案[六]

在一切刑事诉讼中，被告应享受下列权利：由犯罪行为发生地的州和地区的公正陪审团予以迅速和公开的审判，该地区应事先已由法律确 定；获知控告的性质和原因；同原告证人对质；以强制程序取得有利于自己的证据；并取得律师帮助为其辩护。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[VI]

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

修正案[七]

在习惯法诉讼中，争执价额超过20元，由陪审团审判的权利应予保护；案情 事实经陪审团审定后，除非依照习惯法的规则，合众国的任何法院不得再行审理。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[VII]

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

修正案[八]

不得索取过多的保释金，不得处以过重的罚金，或施加残酷的、非常的刑罚。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[VIII]

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

修正案[九]

本宪法对某些权利的列举不得被解释为否定或轻视由人民保有的其它权利。

[1791年12月15日] Amendment[IX]

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

修正案[十]

宪法未授予合众国，也未禁止各州行使的权力，分别由各州或由人民保留。

[1791年12月15日批准] Amendment[X]

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

修正案[十一]

合众国司法权，不得被解释为可扩大适用受理另一州公民或任何外国公民或国民对合众国一州提出的或起诉的任何法律或衡平法的诉讼。

[1798年1月23日批准] Amendment[XI]

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

修正案[十二]

选举人应在本州岛岛集会，投票选举总统和副总统，所选的总统和副总统至少应有1人 不是选举人本州岛岛的居民；选举人应在选票上写明被选为总统之人的姓名，并在另一选票上写明被选为副总统之人的姓名。选举人须将所有被选为总统及副总统的 人分别开列名单，写明每人所得票数，在名单上签名作证，封印后送至合众国政府所在地，呈交参议院议长。参议院议长在参议院和众议院全体议员面前开拆所有证 明书，然后计算票数。获得总统选票最多的人，如所得票数超过选举人总数之半，即当选为总统。如无人获得这种过半数票，众议院应立即从被选为总统之人的名单 中得票最多者（不超过3人）中投票选举其中一人为总统。但选举总统时应以州为单位计票。每州代表有 一票表决权。以此种方式选举总统的法定人数为全国2／3的 州各有1名或数名众议员出席，选出总统需要所有州的过半数票。如选举总统的权力转移给众议院而该院 在次年3月4日前尚未选出总统，则副总统应 总统死亡或宪法规定的其它有关总统丧失任职能力的条款代行总统职务。获得副总统选票最多者，如所得票数超过选举人总数之半，即当选为副总统。如无人获得过 半数票，则参议院应从名单上得票最多的2人中选举1人 为副总统。以此种方式选举副总统的法定人数为参议员总数的2／3，选出副总统需要参议员总数的过半数票。但依宪法无资格当选为合众国总统的人不得当选为合众国副总统。

[1804年6月15日批准] Amendment[XII] The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;--The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other

constitutional disability of the President. (See Note 14)--The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

修正案[十三]

第一款在合众国境内或属合众国管辖的任何地方，不准有奴隶制或强制劳役的存在，但惟用于业经定罪的罪犯作为惩罚者不在此限。 第二款国会有权以适当立法实施本条规定。

[1865年12月6日批准] Amendment[XIII]

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

修正案[十四]

第一款在合众国出生或归化合众国并受合众国管辖的人，均为合众国和他所居住的州的公民。无论何州均不得制定或实施任何剥夺合众国 公民的特权或豁免权的法律；无论何州未经正当法律程序不得剥夺任何人的生命、自由或财产；亦不得拒绝给予在其管辖下的任何人以同等的法律保护。

第二款众议员名额应按各州人口总数的比例分配，但不纳税的印第安人除外。各州年满21岁 且为合众国公民的男性居民，除因参加叛乱或犯其它罪行者外，其选举合众国总统与副总统选举人、国会为议员、州行政和司法官员或州议会议员的权利被取消或剥 夺时，该州众议员人数应按上述男性公民的人数同该州年满21岁的男性公民总人数的比例予以削减。

第三款无论何人，凡先前曾以国会议员、合众国官员、州议会议员或州行政或司法官员，宣誓拥护合众国宪法，而又参与反对合众国的暴 乱或谋叛，或给予合众国敌人以帮助或庇护者，不得为国会参议员或众议员、总统和副总统选举人，或在合众国或任何一州任文职、军职官员。但国会可以每院三分 之二的票数取消此项限制。

第四款经法律认可的合众国公债，包括因支付平定暴乱或叛乱有功人员的养老金和奖金而产生的债务，其效力不得怀疑。但合众国或任何 一州都不得承担或偿付因资助对合众国作乱或谋叛而产生的任何债务或义务，或因丧失或解放任何奴隶而提出的任何赔偿要求；所有此类债务、义务和要求均应被认 为是非法和无效的。

第五款国会有权以适当立法实施本条各项规定。

[1868年7月9日批准] Amendment[XIV]

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State,

excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,(See Note 15) and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of

representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in

suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

修正案[十五]

第一款合众国或任何一州不得因种族、肤色或以前的奴隶身份而否认或剥夺合众国公民的选举权。

第二款国会有权以适当立法实施本条规定。

[1870年2月2日批准] Amendment[XV]

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

修正案[十六]

国会有权对任何来源的收入规定并征收所得税，所得税收入不按比例分配于各州，也不必考虑任何人口普查或统计。

[1913年2月3日批准] Amendment[XVI]

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

修正案[十七]

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