定语从句翻译

定语从句的翻译(1): 较短的限制性定语从句可译成带“的” 的定语词组。

在英语中，定语从句很常见，有的结构比较简单，有的结构相当复杂，有的与先行词关系密切(限制性)，有的与先行词关系不甚密切(非限制性)，有的定语从句还具有原因、结果、让步、目的、条件、假设等意义。

英语的定语从句种类较多，翻译时有比较大的灵活性，可根据其结构和含义采用不同的译法。

限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，尤其是一些较短的限制性

定语从句，没有它主句的意义便不完整，可按照汉语定语前置

的习惯将其译成带“的”的定语词组，放在先行词的前面。例如：

1. The boy who just went out is my nephew. 刚出去的那个孩子是我的侄儿。 2. The book I read this morning is a dictionary. 我今天上午看的那本书是词典。

3. He is the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中惟一懂法语的人。

4. The house whose roof was damaged has

now been repaired.

屋顶坏了的屋子现在已经修好。 5. Shanghai is the place where he was born. 上海是他出生的地方。

6. I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他来迟的原因。 练习:

People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blinded.

We must know such symbols which are used to represent chemical elements.

定语从句的翻译(2)：非限制性定语从句或较长的限制性定语从句可译成后置的并列分句。

非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作附加说明，在文字上一般有逗号与先行词隔开，与先行词的关系较为松散。非限制性定语从句在语意上接近于并列结构，翻译时通常可译成并列

分句，放在先行词的后面。例如

1. Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife’s.

史密斯先生昨天来看过我，他是我妻子的亲戚。

2. Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water.

人类不能在月球上居住，那里没有空气和水。

3. We have two spare rooms upstairs, neither of which has been much used in the past two years.

我们楼上有两间空房，前两年没怎么用。 4. John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party. 约翰不能来参加聚会，他妻子病了。

5. Metal has many useful properties, of which strength is the most important.

金属有许多有用的性能，其中强度最重要。 练习

Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy.

Day light comes from the sun,

which is a mass of hot, glowing gas.

定语从句的翻译(3)：突出全句重点的限制性定语从句 可以和主句融合在一起译成一个 句子。

有些限制性定语从句与主句关系十分紧密，并且在意义上突出了全句的重点。而主句仅起结构上的作用，其本身的意义并不突出。这时，可将原句中的主句和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子。英语中带定语从句的There be ... 结构汉译时常用这种方法来处理。例如： 1. There are some films I’d like to see. 我有几部电影想看。

2. There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。

3. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。

4. What’s the time you usually go to bed? 你通常什么时候睡觉？

5. Her hair is the same colour as her mother’s. 她的头发和她母亲的头发一样颜色。

练习

Science plays an important role in the society in which we live. Strength, hardness and plasticity (可塑性) of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry. 定语从句的翻译(4)：分译成独立句

英语中的非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，有些只是用来对其先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明。翻译时可将其与主句分开，译成一个独立的汉语句子。将非限制性定语从句单独译成一句可以使译文层次分明，并符合汉语句子简洁、明了的表达习惯。例如： She has two brothers, who are both doctors. 她有两个兄弟。他们都是医生。

We will put off the party until next week, when we won’t be so busy.

我们把聚会推迟到下星期。那时我们不会这样忙。 练习

Galileo, who made the first telescope, died in 1642.

The most important form of energy is electric energy, which is widely

used in our daily life.

定语从句的翻译(5)：在逻辑上跟主句有状语关系的定语从句可译成

汉语的偏正复句。

英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上跟主句有状语关系，具有原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等含义，其表层结构虽为定语，实际上却起状语作用。翻译时要注意根据原文的逻辑关系将其译成相应意义的汉语偏正复句。例如： He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.

他三岁丧父，所以记不起父亲。

He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一件上衣，虽然他用不着。 Those who are in favour please hold up their hands. 如果赞成，就请举手。 练习

Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.

My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results.

汉语的偏正复句。

英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上跟主句有状语关系，具有原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等含义，其表层结构虽为定语，实际上却起状语作用。翻译时要注意根据原文的逻辑关系将其译成相应意义的汉语偏正复句。例如： He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.

他三岁丧父，所以记不起父亲。

He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一件上衣，虽然他用不着。 Those who are in favour please hold up their hands. 如果赞成，就请举手。 练习

Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.

My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results.

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