TOEFL(托福)常见词根词缀

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托福词根词缀

前缀: A=放在单词或者词根前,等于negative(否定)=not, without amnesty大赦,特赦,amoral 非道德的 apathy冷漠,漠不关心asymmetry不对称 放在单词前,表示“在,的” asleep, aside Ab,abs-=from, away from, off 加在词根前,表示“相反,变坏,离去” abnormal变态的,不正常的 abortion流产,堕胎 ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意。 accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract Ad=to, at, for ad-加在单词或词根前,表示“做,加强” adapt 使适合,使适应 addict使沉溺,使热衷 Ambi=on both sides, about, around: ambidextrous两手都很灵巧 ambient周围的 ambiguous含糊的,不明确的 Amphi=on both sides,around :amphibian水路两栖 An-在词根前,表示“不,无” :anonymous 匿名的,anarchism 无君主义 Ante=before :antecedent在先的 antechamber来宾接待室 antedate提前的日子 anticipate预期 Anti=against, opposite to anti-communist反共的 Antarctic南极的 apo- 表示“离开,远离” apogee Auto=self autobiography自传 autocracy专制政治 autogamy 自体生殖(gamy=marriage) autonomy自治区 Be-构成动词,表示“使……成为”befall, befriend, behold 构成介词,beside, behind, below, before, beneath Bene=well, good benefaction恩惠 benefactor恩人 beneficial有益的 benign良性的 Bi=double, two bicameral两院制的 bicolored两色的 bigamy重婚的bilingual双语的 by-“在旁边,副的”: byroad, byway, bywork Co-表示“共同”,通常放在元音词根前。Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide Circum=around, round about circumference圆周 circumstance环境 circulate流通 Com(con)=together, with combine联合,结合 commingle混合 compose组成,构成coeducation coexist共存 cohabitation同居 Contra=against contradict否认,反驳 contrary相反 contrast对比 counterbalance对抗力 counterfeit伪造品 Counter-表示“反对,相反” counteract, counterbalance col-, cor-在同辅音词根前,表示“共同”: collapse, colleague, collect De=down, downward 表示分离的时候(away, from):Deform 使残废,使丑陋 Derive 获得,得来,起源 表示否定的时候 :Demerit 过失,短处 表示加强的时候 :Demonstrate 证明,示范 Devastate 使荒废,毁灭 DE的另外用法 :Decode 译码 Deface伤毁 Deficit 赤字 deca-=ten: Decade十年 Decagon十角形 Decimal十进制 Decimeter分米 di- 表示“两个,双”: dichromatic, dioxide 表示“使…变成,分开,离开” : digest Demi-=half : Demigod Di-=double,twice: Dilemma 进退两难 Diploma双学位 dia- 表示“穿过,二者之间”: Dialogue, diameter 词根词缀

托福词根词缀

Dia-=through, between, across Diagnosis=between+knowledge 诊断 Diagonal=through+angle对角线 Diameter=through+meter直径 dif- 和辅音重复表示“不,否定,分开” differ, difference, diffident dis-=除去,剥夺,反对,否定 Disadvantage不利,缺点,损失 Disannul 取消,废弃 Disband 解散 Disconsolate哀伤的,忧闷的 Dismember割断四肢,使四分五裂 Duo-=two, double Dozen一打,12个 Duplicate完全相同的,复制的 dys-表示“坏,不良” dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction e-,ef- 表示“出,出来”: evaluate, elongate, elaborate em-,en- 表示“进入…之中,包围”: embrace, embed, empathy 表示“使…进入状态”:empower, embitter, embody epi-表示“在…上,在…周围,在…后面 epidermal, epidemic, epigram eu-=well Euphemism 委婉的说法 Euthanasia 安乐死 Ex-=out of, fully Elaborate=用心地做,苦心经营 Execute实现,执行 Exempt免除 Exert运用,实施 Exhale呼出,呼气 Exhilarate使兴高采烈,使快活 exo-表示“外部的,外面”exogamy, exotic Extra-=beyong Extracurricular课外的 Extrajudicial法庭外的 Extravagant奢侈的,过度的 Fore-=before Forearm前臂 Foremost最先的,首要的 Forth-=towards Forthcoming即将出现的, Forthright一往直前地,直路 Kilo-=thousand Kilocalorie大卡 Kilohertz千赫 Kilovolt千伏 Kilowatt千瓦 Hemi-=half hemicycle 半圆 Hemisphere 半球 Hetero-= other, different Heterodyne 异齿形的? Heterosexual 异性爱的人 Homo-=same homosexual 同性恋的人 Macro-=large, long macrocosm=large + universe 大宇宙,总体 Hyper-=above,beyond Hyperacidity 胃酸过多症 Hyperactive 极度活跃的,过分积极的 Hypermilitant 极端好战的 Hypersensitive 过度敏感的 Hypersonic 超音速的 Hypertension 高血压的 Hypertrophy 肥胖,异常发达 Hypo-=under Hypocrisy 伪善,矫饰 Hypotension 低血压 Hypothermia 低体温 Hypothesis 假说,假设 In-=in,into,on Inborn 天生的,天赋的 Incubate=on+lie+ate= 孵蛋,孵化,筹划 Induce=towards+to lead=引诱,说服,招致 Infect=in+to make 传染 Inflate= in+to blow 使膨胀,使得意,使物价上涨 Intoxicate=into+poison+ate=使醉,使陶醉,使中毒 Im-=in,into Immerge=into+to sink 浸,沉入 immigrate= into+to wander 移民 emigrate 迁居 impediment= in+foot+ment 妨碍,阻碍 Impinge=in+to strike 撞击,侵犯 Implicate=in+to fold 牵连,暗示,使纠缠 explicate 说明,解释 I(n)-=negative=not Inaccessible 不能亲近的,不能得到的 Inadequate 不适当的,不充分的 Inaudible 听不见的 Indecisive 缺乏决心的,优柔寡断的 Insane 疯狂的 Invaluable 无价的,非常珍贵的 Illegitimate 违法的,私生的 Illiterate未受教育的人,不和逻辑的 Inter-=between,among Intercept=between+catch 中途拦截,截获 Interlude=between+to play间奏曲,中间 Interstellar=between+star星际的 Intra-,intro-=within,inward(与extra-相反) Intraparty 党内的 Intravenous静脉内的,静脉注射的 Introspect 内省 Introvert使内向,使内省 Iso-=equal Isochronal同一时间的,等时性 Isotherm等温线 Isotope同位素

托福词根词缀

Macroeconomics 总体经济学,宏观经济学 Macrometeorology大气象学 Macroscopic= large+ scop (to look)+ic (al) 肉眼可见的 Mal(e)-=badly,ill (与bene 相反) Maladjustment调节不善,适应不应 Maladminstration经营不善,恶政 malediction= badly + to speak 诅咒,诽谤 Malformation奇形怪状,畸形 Malignant= bad+ to produce恶性的 (benigant 良性的) Malnourished 营养失调的 Mege= large, million megadeath 百万人的死亡 Megalopolitan大都市的 Megaphone 扩音器的,传声筒 Megaton 一百万吨,megavolt 百万伏特, megawatt百万瓦特 Meta-=among, with, after( 一般表示变化,主要用在科学用语中) Metabolism= after+ to throw+ ism 新城代谢 Metagenesis 世代交替 Metaphor 隐喻 Metaphysical 形而上学,非物质的 Metonymy 换喻 Micro-=small microbiology 微生物学 Microeconomics 具体经济学,微观经济学 Microscope显微镜 Microwave 微波 Milli-=thousand, thousandth Milligram毫克 Millimeter毫米 Mis-=wrong, bad, ill Misadvise 给予错与的劝告 Misapply 误用 Misapprehend误解,想错 Misarrange 排列错误 Misconduct 行为不检 Mono-=single, sole, alone Monochrome= single+ color 单色画,单色的 Monocracy= alone + rule 独裁政治 Monogamy= alone+ marriage 一夫一妻制(polygamy 一夫多妻制) Monolingual=single+ language 只用一种语言的 Monotheism= single + god 一神论 Monotonous= single+ tone+ ous-单调的,无变化的 Multi-=many, much Multiform 各种形式的,多种的 Multilingual 使用多种语言的 Multiply 增加,繁殖,乘 Multipurpose 多目标的,用途广大的 Ne-= negative= not Nescience 无知,不可知论 Naught= nought= nothing Nay=no Null= not any Neo-=new Neoclassicism 新古典主义 Neofascism 新法西斯主义 Neoimpressionism 新印象主义 Non-= not nonaggression 不侵略,不侵犯 Noncombustible= not+ together+ to burn+ ible 不容易燃烧的 Nonconformity 不顺从,不一致 Noncooperation 不合作 Nonpartism 无党派的,客观的,无偏袒 Nonverbal 不使用文字的,非语文的 omni-表示“全部,到处” omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscience Ob-= as, towards, at, before, upon, over, about, near, against

托福词根词缀

Obfuscate= over + to darken 使暗,使困惑 Obituary= near + to go+ uary 形容词词尾 讣告,死亡的 Object= towards, against+ to throw 反对,拒绝;物体,目标,对象 Obstacle= over, against+ to stand+ cle 名词词尾 障碍物 Obtain= near, close to+ to hold 在身边 Occupy= at+ to seize 占有,占领 Octa-, octo-=eight, eighth Octagon=eight+ angle 八角形 Octahedron= eight+ side 八面体 Octopus= eight+ foot 章鱼 Octuple= eight+ to fold八倍 Omni-= all Omnibus 公共汽车 Omnicompetent=all+ competent 能干的 有全权的 Omniscient= all + knowing 无所不知的 Omnivorous= all+ to eat+ ous 杂食的 Out-= out, beyond Outdo 凌驾,胜过 Outgrow 生长速度超过的 Outlaw 被放逐的 Outrival 胜过 Over-= above, across, beyond Overact 动作过度 Overbridge 天桥,路桥 Overcome 击败,压倒 Overcrust 以外皮或外壳包裹的 Overhaul 彻底检查,分解检查 Pan-(to) = all Panacea= all+ cure, remedy 万灵药 Pan-American 全美洲的 Panorama 全景,全图 Pantheism 泛神论 Para-= beside, beyond, against, contrary Parachute= against+ fall 降落伞 Parasol= against+ sun 阳伞 Palsy= para- (beside) + lsy (to loosen) 使麻痹 Pen-= almost Peninsula= almost + island 半岛 Penultimate= almost+ last 倒数第二的 Penumbra = almost + shadow 半影部 Penta-= five Pentagon= five + angle 五角形 Pentarchy= five+ rule 五头政治,五国联盟 Per-= through, thoroughly, away Perform= thoroughly+ form( to furnish) 实行,供给 Perfunctory= away+ to perform+ ory 敷衍的,表面的,草率的 Permanent= through+ to remain+ ent 永久的,不变的,耐久的,常设的 Perpendicular = through+ to weigh+ lar 垂直的,直立的 Persecute= continually+ to follow 迫害,困惑,烦恼 Persevere= through+ properly to make to stand 固执,持久 Peri-= around, round about Pericardium= around+ card(heart)+ -ium 心包,心囊 Perimeter= around+ to measure 周围,周长,周边 Periphrase = round+ to speak 拐弯抹角地说 Poly-= many Polycentric= many+ center 多中心的,多元的 Polygamy= many+ marriage 一夫多妻 Polygon=many+ angle 多角的 Polytheism= many+ god+ ism多神论 Post-=after, behind Postdate= 把日期填迟 Posterity 子孙,后裔

托福词根词缀

Postscript= after+ to write (p.s.) 附笔,后记 Pre-= before Precaution 预防 Preface= before+ to speak 作序,写前言,开始 Preliminary= before+ threshold 门槛 初步,开端 Prescribe= before+ to write 规定,开药方 Pro-= for, before, forth, forward Proceed= before+ to go 继续进行,开始 Procure= for, in behalf of+ cure( to take care of) 取得, 获得,说服 Prominent= forth+ to jut 突出+ent 突出的,显著的 Pseudo-= false Pseudocarp= false+ fruit 假果 Pseudoclassicism= 伪古典主意 Pseudonym= false+ name 假名,笔名 Pseudoscience= 假科学 Quadr(i)-= four Quadrilingual=four+ language 四国语言的 Quadruple= four time+ to fold 四倍的 Quasi-= partly Quasi-contract 准契约 Quasi-judicial 准司法性的 Quasi-official 半官方的 Re-= again, back Reconcile= again+ concile 使和谐 和解,复交,调停 Reiterate= again+ to repeat 反复地说或做,重述 Remorse= again+ to bite 悔恨,懊悔 Retract= back+ to draw 缩回,放回,撤回 Retrieve= again+ to find 取回,恢复,更正 Revive= again+ to live 苏醒,复活 Revoke= back+ to call 取消,废止, 宣告无效 Retro-= backward Retroact=backward+ to act 反动,反作用 Retroflex= backward+ to bend 反曲的,翻转的 Retrograde= backward+ to go 后退,倒退,退化,退步 Retrospect= backward+ to look 回顾 Se-=away, apart Secede= apart+ to go 脱离,退出 Seclude= apart+ to shut 隔离,使隐居 Secrete= apart+ to separate 分泌 Semi-=half Semiannual 半年的 Semicolon 分号 Semiconscious 半意识的 Semifinal 半决赛 Semitropical 亚热带的 Sept-= seven September 九月(是罗马日历的七月) Septilateral= seven+ later( side) 七边的 Step-= orphaned Stepbrother异父异母的兄弟 Stepmother, stepfather Sub-= under Subconscious= under+ aware 潜意识的 Subdivide= under+ to divide 再分,细分 Submarine= under+ marine( sea) 海下面的,潜水艇,水手 Submerge= under+ to dip 淹没,埋伏 Subscribe= under+ to write 签名,签署,捐助 Substitute= under+ to place 代替,取代,替换 Super-= above, over Superabundant= above+ abundant 充足的 = 过多的,过剩的,多余的 Superficial= above+ fici( face )= 表面的,表皮的,肤浅的 Superior 较好的,优秀的,占优势的 Supernatural 超自然的,不可思议的

托福词根词缀

Surpass= to pass over 凌驾, 超越, 胜过 Syn-= with, together Synchronism= together+chron(time)+ -ism= 同时发生的,并发 Syndrome= together+ drome (to run) = 综合症状,习性 Synonym=together+ name= 同义词 Synthesis= together+ putting= 综合,合成 Symbiosis= together+ life+ sis 共同,共存 Sympathy= together+ feeling 同感,共鸣,同情,怜悯 Symphony= together+ sound= 交响乐 Tele-= far off Telecommunication=far off+ together+ to make= 远距离通讯 Telegram= far off+ writing= 电报 Telepathy=far off+ feeling= 心心相传 Trans-=beyond, across, over Transaction= across+ to drive+ ion 办理,处理,交易 Transfer= across+ to carry 调职, 移动,让渡 Transform 变形,变质 Transparent= through+ to appeal 透明的,明白的 Traitor= across+ to give+ or = 卖国贼 Tranquil= beyond+ quil(rest) 平静的,安静的 Tri-= three, threefold Triangle= three+ angle 三角形 Tricar三轮汽车 Trichord= three+ string 三弦乐器 Trigonometry= three+ angle+ measure 三角学 Triunity=three+ unity(一体)= 三位一体 Twi-= two Twice 二度, 二回, 二倍 Twist卷缠, 合股线,编织 Ultra-= beyond Ultra 极端的,过度的 Ultramodern 极现代化的 Ultrared 红外线的 Ultrasonic= beyond+ sound 超音波的 Un-= no Unambiguous= not+ ambiguous 含糊的= 明白的 Unattainable= not+ attainable 可到达的=难达到的 Un-= the reversal of an action Unarm= 卸除武器,放下武器 Unburden= 解除负担, 使轻松 Unbutton 解开纽扣 Unearth 挖掘, 掘出,揭发 Unveil 取下面纱,揭露 Under-= beneath Underage未成年的 Underdeveloped 发展不全的, 低度开发的 Underestimate 评价过低的 Undermine在下面挖掘,破坏基础,在暗中损坏 Uni-=one Unique唯一的 Unite 单元,联合 Universal 宇宙的,全体的 Unanimous= one+ mind+-ous 意见一致的,全体一致的 Up-=up, aloft Uphold举起,支持,鼓励 Upright正直的,诚实的 Uprise 升起,站起 Upsurge 上升,向上涌 Vice-=in place of 副的 Vice-chancellor 大学副校长 Vice- minister 副部长 Vice-president 副总统 With-=against, back

托福词根词缀

Withdraw= to draw back 取回,撤回 Withhold= to hold back 抑制,拒绝 Withstand= to stand against 抵抗,对抗

后缀: 1, -ability 表名词,“能,性质” possibility 2, -able 表形容词,“可…的” believable 3, -aceous, -acious 表形容词,“有…特征的” delicious 4, -acity 表名词, “有…倾向” capacity 5, -acy 表名词, “性质, 状态” privacy 6, -age 表名词, “状态, 总称”, “场所”, “费用” percentage, village, cottage, postage 7, -ain 表名词 “人” captain 8, -aire 表名词 “人” millionaire 9, -al 表形容词 “…的” personal, continental, rural 10, -ality 表名词 “状态,性质” personality, nationality 11, -ally 表副词 “…地” dramatically 12, -an 表名词和形容词 “人” American, Roman 13, -ance, ence 表名词, “性质,状况” difference 14, -ancy 表名词 “性质, 状况” vacancy, redundancy 15, -ant, -ent 表形容词 “…的” distant, different 16, -ar 表形容词 “…的” familiar 表名词, “人” liar, beggar 17, -ard 表名词, “不好的人” bastard, coward, laggard 18, -arian 表名词, “…的人” vegetarian, 19, -ary 表形容词, “…的” imaginary, elementary20, -ate 表动词, “做, 造成” graduate, frustrate 21, -atic 表形容词, “有…性质” diplomatic 22, -ation 表名词 “行为, 过程, 结果” election, production 23, -ative 表形容词 “有…倾向” active 24, -ator 表名词, “做事的人或物” dictator, generator 25, -atory 表形容词, “有…性质” explanatory 26, -cy 表名词 “性质, 状态” privacy 27, -dom 表名词 “状态” freedom 28, -ee 表名词 “被动的或主动的人” employee, examinee 29, -eer 表名词 “人员” 58, -ify 表动词, “…化” purify, clarify 59, -ile 表示形容词 “…的” juvenile, fertile 表示名词 “物体” missile 60, -ine 表形容词, “…的”, 表名词 “状态, 药物” elephantine, discipline, routine 61, -ing 表名词, “状态” feeling, learning 表形容词 “正…的” 62, -ion, -tion, -sion 表名词 “动作或状态” production, union, decision 63, -ior, “较…的” superior, junior 64, -ious “…的” curious, spacious 65, -ise , -ize 表动词 “…化” memorize, advertise 66, -ish 表形容词 “像…一样” foolish, selfish 表动词 “造成” 67, -ism 表名词 “…主义, 宗教” socialism, capitalism 表示 ”学术或学术流派” modernism 68, -ist 表名词 “表示信仰者, 专家或从事人” communist 69, -istic 表形容词, 由 ist+ic 构成, 表示 “…的” artistic 70, -ite 表形容词, “有…的” polite, 71, ition 表名词, “行为过程, 状态” definition, 72, -itude 表名词, “性质, 状态” attitude, 73, -ity 表名词, 指具备某种性质 probability 74, -ive 表形容词, 根据不同的单词结尾可分-sive, ative, ive, itive passive, active, 表名词, “人或物” detective, locomotive 75, -ization 表名词, 来自-ize+ation “…化或发展过程” modernization, organization

托福词根词缀

engineer 30, -el 表名词 “人或物” novel, channel 31, -en 表动词 “变成” shorten, darken 32, -ency 表名词 “状态,性质” efficiency 33, -ent 表形容词, “…的” excellent 表名词 “人” student, resident 34, -eous 表形容词, “有…的” courteous, 35, -er 表名词 “人” mutter, chatter, waver 36, -ern 表形容词, “…方向的” eastern, western, southern 37, -ery 表名词 “场所”, “行为” nursery, rosery, robbery, bravery 38, -esque 表形容词 “如…的” picturesque 39, -ess 表名词 “女性” poetess, goddess, actress 40, -et, -let 表名词, “小东西” circlet, booklet 41, -etic 表形容词, “属于…的” theoretic, energetic 42, -ette 表名词, “小的东西或状态”kitchenette 43, -ety 表名词 “状态” anxiety 44, -eur 表名词 “…人” amateur, entrepreneur 45, -faction 表名词 “达到的状态” satisfaction 46, -fold 表形容词或副词 “双重” threefold 47, -form 表形容词, “有…状态的” uniform 48, -ful 表形容词, “有…的” beautiful, wonderful 表名词 “满, 量” handful, spoonful 49, -hood 表名词, “时期, 性质” childhood, boyhood 50, -ial 表形容词 “有…的” judicial, beneficial 51, -ian 表名词 “某种人” historian, librarian 52, -ibility 表名词 “具备…性质的” sensibility, possibility 53, -ible 表形容词 “能…的” possible, credible 54, -ic 表形容词, “…的” scientific, fantastic 55, -ics 表名词, “学科, 学术” physics, mathematics 56, -id 表形容词, “如…的” valid, humid 57, -ific 表形容词, “产生…的” scientific, terrific 76, -less 表形容词, “无…的” helpless, careless 77, -like 表形容词, “像…一样” dreamlike, childlike 78, -ling 表名词, “小东西或某种人” duckling, gosling, darling headmost, outmost 79, -ly 表形容词, 通常加在名词后 timely, lively, friendly 表副词, 通常放在形容词后 greatly, briefly, mainly 80, -ment 表名词, “行为或结果” movement, agreement 81, -most 表形容词, “最…的” 82, -ness 表名词, “性质, 状态” kindness, business的” 83, -ory 表形容词 “…的” introductory, 表名词, 指场所 factory, dormitory 84, -ous 表形容词, “…的” dangerous, lustrous 85, -proof 表形容词, “防…的” waterproof, rainproof 86, -ress 表名词 “指女性” actress, waitress, 87, -ship 表名词, “表示某种关系或状态” friendship, hardship 88, -some 表形容词, “充满…的, 具有…倾向的” handsome, 89, -th 表名词, 通常指抽象名词 warmth, growth, strengthsinger, leader, writer 表动词 “反复做” 90, -ture 表名词, “一般状态, 行为” miniature, conjecture, denture, mixture 91, -ward 表形容词, 副词, “向…” downward, upward, northward 92, -wise 表副词, “方向, 状态” clockwise, likewise 93, -y 表形容词, rainy, windy

托福词根词缀

词根 –audi-, -audit- hear auditorium, auditor

-chron-, time chronology, chronological -dic-, -dict- say, speak dictator, dictation -graph-, -gram- write, writing telegraph, telegram -log-, ology- speech, word, study biology

-phon- sound telephone

-scrib-, -script- write describe, script -spect- look at inspect, spectator -vid-, -vis- see video, vision

–ced- go, move, yield precede

-duc- lead introduce

-flect- bend

-mit-, -miss- send

-pon-, -pos- put, place

-port- carry

-sequ-, -secut- follow

-spir- breathe

-tele- far

-ven-, -vene- come

-voc-, -vok- call

–anthro-, -anthropo- human

-arch- first, chief, leader

-fact-, -fect- make, do

-gam- marriage

-hetero- different, other

-home- same

-man-, -manu- hand

-morph- form, structure

-onym-, -nomen- name

-pathy- feeling, disease

-theo-, -the- god

–aster-, -astro-, -stellar- star

-auto- self

-bio- life

-cycle- circle

-mega- great, large

-mort- death

-phil- love

-polis- city

-psych- mind

-soph- wise

–capit- head, chief

-corp- body

-derm- skin

-geo- earth

-hydr-, -hydro- water

-ortho- straight, correct

-pod-, -ped- foot

-son- sound

-therm-, -thermo- heat

-ver- true reflect, flexible remit, missionary postpone, position portable consequence, consecutive inspiration, conspiracy telegraph, telephone convene, convention vocal, revoke anthropology monarch, archbishop affect, benefactor monogamy, polygamous heterosexual, heterogeneous homogenized milk manually, manage polymorphous synonym, nomenclature sympathy, telepathy theology, polytheism astronomy, stellar automobile, automatic biology bicycle, cycle megaton, megalopolis mortal, immortality philosophy metropolis psychology philosophy, sophomore captain, cap, decapitate corporation, incorporate epidermis, dermatology geology, geography hydrogen, hydrology orthodox, orthography podiatrist, pedestrian sound , sonic thermal, hypothermia verity, veritable

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