应用翻译材料

翻译作业

一． 明确文本功能，牢记目标读者的信息需求

当今中国企业和中国文化走出去面临很多困难，中国海外投资和创业失败的例子很多，孔子学院受到一些国家的抵制，本译文的目标读者是国内智库的研究人员和政府决策部门。因此，译文需要考虑文本使用者的信息需求。

作业1.

这篇文本要传递的主要信息是什么？

http://upstart.bizjournals.com

Startup Spotlight: Silevo creates American jobs by way of China

by Lindsay Riddell, San Francisco Business Times October 9. 2012

The recipe for a successful American-based solar manufacturer may call for mixing the best of China and America.

Silevo, a Fremont, California-based solar manufacturer that operates in the shadow of the vacant Solyndra solar facility, has raised $75 million to eventually manufacture solar panels in the United States.

The 200-person firm founded in 2007 has Chinese venture backers, Chinese-American top executives, and is manufacturing its first production line in China—producing panels that today cost less than $1 per watt. These prices are competitive with Chinese prices and could drop to as low as 61 cents a watt by 2013.

Silevo‘s technology is a hybrid solar cell that combines technologies usually used in separate solar and semiconductor applications.

―We package together in a hybrid device a new structure that takes the best attributes of various materials and allows it to generate extra performance at a market-value rate,‖ said Chris Beitel, Silevo‘s head of business development.

Silevo solar cells have reached efficiencies of 21 percent—compared with FirstSolar‘s thin-film panels rated at around 12 percent that sell for about 70 cents per watt. SunPower, known for high efficiencies of around 20 percent, has pricey panels: $1.40 to $1.50 a watt.

Silevo CEO Zheng Xu, a former Applied Materials executive and science whiz, cofounded Silevo in 2007. Xu, born in China, is a U.S. engineer educated in Asia and the U.S. ―Fremont is in Silicon Valley, and also in the high-tech center of the U.S.,‖ Xu said. ―We can capitalize on the talent pool in the Silicon Valley.‖

作业2.

这篇文本的信息来源是什么？读者需要了解的核心内容是什么？

http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/ FactCheck.org

A Project Of The Annenberg Public Policy Center

Did Obama ?Approve? Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?

Posted on February 17, 2012

Q: Is President Obama responsible for Chinese companies building U.S. bridges with stimulus money, as reported by ABC News?

A: No. A viral email distorts an ABC News report. California officials hired a Chinese contractor and rejected federal money to avoid federal ―Buy American‖ laws. FULL QUESTION Is this true?

Diane Sawyer reporting on U.S. bridge projects going to the Chinese…NOT Americans.

The bridges are right here in the U.S. and yet Obama has approved for Chinese contractors to come in and do the work. What about jobs for Americans??? U.S.A. Bridges and Roads Being Built by Chinese Firms FULL ANSWER

This email is an example of how things get distorted and go viral — even when the facts are just a click away. It‘s true that ABC News did a report on Chinese firms winning contracts to repair U.S. bridges. But the report pointedly said states were to blame. It didn‘t mention federal funds — let alone stimulus funds — except to note that California turned down federal money to avoid federal ―Buy American‖ laws and hire a Chinese firm.

In a Sept. 23, 2011, broadcast, ABC News reported on bridge repair contracts going to Chinese firms in three states: Alaska, New York and California. But it gave details on only one project — a $7.2 billion repair of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. ABC News explained how and why the Chinese firm wound up with the contract, beginning with a decision by the California transportation department not to accept federal funds.

ABC News, Sept. 23, 2011: U.S. law actually requires major infrastructure projects to Buy America when the cost difference is reasonable. In California, U.S. firms say they would have met those guidelines. But state officials decided to turn down federal money for a major part of the bridge, allowing a Chinese company to get the job.

ABC News interviewed a CalTrans official who said the Chinese firm could provide the fabricated bridge decks more quickly because U.S. firms don‘t have enough welders. The broadcast failed to note, however, that only some jobs, not all, will go to China as a result. And taxpayers saved a bundle. From a story in the New York Times last year:

New York Times, June 25, 2011: The assembly work in California, and the pouring of the concrete road surface, will be done by Americans. But construction of the bridge decks and the materials that went into them are a Made in China affair. California officials say the state saved hundreds of millions of dollars by turning to China.

California decided not to apply for federal funding for the project because the ―Buy America‖ provisos would probably have required purchasing more expensive steel and fabrication from United States manufacturers.

At the end of his report, ABC News reporter Chris Cuomo says, ―That‘s why the Buy America laws were passed. If states can get around them, Diane, we‘ll never bring America back.‖ (By the

way, Cuomo is the son of former New York Gov. Mario Cuomo, a Democrat.)

The broadcast mentioned a $400 million project to repair the Alexander Hamilton Bridge in New York, but it provided no details on it.

The New York Times did a short story on China Construction America, the company that won the Alexander Hamilton Bridge contract. The Times story said the logo of the company — a New Jersey-based subsidiary of a state-controlled construction company in China — ―is becoming a familiar sight at public works projects around New York City.‖ It also said the company employs 500 employees in the U.S. and hires only union workers at New York City job sites. The Times did not, however, say whether any federal funding was involved.

The third project — a $190 million project in Alaska — went unnamed in the ABC News broadcast. However, it was named in a longer, print version of Cuomo‘s report that ran on ABC News‘ website that same day. In that report, ABC News said Alaska was ―set to spend millions on foreign materials for the Tanana River Bridge Crossing and would largely fabricate the bridge overseas.‖ The article did not say whether any federal money would be used on the Alaska project. However, we found that it does involve federal money.

The Alaska bridge project had been on hold until last year, when the state provided the remaining $44 million to fully fund the project, which will be completed in 2014, according to the Anchorage Daily News and the project sponsor, Alaska Railroad Corporation. The project received $104.2 million in federal Defense Department grants and a total of $84 million from the state. The bridge work is only part of the railroad agency‘s larger Northern Rail Extension project. The paper reported that the ground-breaking ceremony — which occurred five days after the ABC News report — was attended by Rep. Don Young and Sen. Lisa Murkowski, two Republicans who represent Alaska in Congress.

Who‘s to blame, if that‘s the right word, if the project ends up using manufactured steel from China? The National Steel Bridge Alliance blames the state railroad agency. The Alliance for American Manufacturing says the federal Buy American laws have been ―weakened with loopholes and various exemptions that make it easier for bureaucrats to purchase foreign-made goods instead of those made in American factories with American workers.‖

So, how did Obama get blamed for the decisions by state agencies and for state projects that, in at least one case, didn‘t even use federal funds? The answer is a textbook lesson in how information gets distorted when emails go viral.

We looked at the nearly 100 emails we received on this subject and found that Obama wasn‘t mentioned at all in the first few emails. Typical of the emails we received shortly after the ABC News report aired was this one from Oct. 11, 2011: ―I just got an email regarding Diane Sawyer on ABC TV stating that U. S. Bridges and roads are being built by Chinese firms when the jobs should have gone to Americans. Could this possible be true?‖ The answer: Yes, it‘s true. End of story, right? Wrong.

Days later, emails started to appear in our inbox that claimed ABC News reported that Chinese firm were receiving stimulus funds to build U.S. bridges — even though the broadcast news story didn‘t mention stimulus funds at all. (The report did include a clip of Obama delivering a speech on the need to rebuild America‘s bridges and put Americans to work, but said nothing about the president‘s $830 billion stimulus bill.) Still, we received emails such as this one on Nov. 4, 2011, that included this erroneous claim language: ―Stimulus money meant to create U.S. jobs went to Chinese firms. Unbelievable….‖

It didn‘t take long for Obama to be blamed. That same day — Nov. 4, 2011 — we received an email that made this leap to Obama: ―SOME CHINESE COMPANIES WHO ARE BUILDING ?OUR‘ BRIDGES. (3000 JOBS LOST TO THE CHINESE FIRM)…..AND NOW OBAMA WANTS ?MORE STIMULUS MONEY‘…..THIS IS NUTS ! ! ! If this doesn‘t make you furious nothing will….‖

This year, Obama‘s name started to surface in the subject line of such critical emails — raising the attack on the president to yet another level and perhaps ensuring the email will be even more widely circulated. Since Jan. 17, we have gotten more than a dozen emails with the subject line, ―ABC News on Obama/USA Infrastructure,‖ often preceded with the word ―SHOCKING‖ in all caps.

The emails increasingly contain harsh language about the president. Since Jan. 11, 23 emails carried this added bit of Obama-bashing: ―I pray all the unemployed see this and cast their votes accordingly in 2012!‖ One of those emails — a more recent one from Feb. 8 — contained this additional line: ―Tell me again how Obama‘s looking out for blue collar guys. He cancels pipelines, and lets Chinese contractors build our bridges…‖

And so it goes, on and on. All from a news report that blamed state officials — not Obama — for spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges. – Eugene Kiely

作业3．

这篇文本翻译需要重点传播的信息是什么？这间中文学校传播中国语言文化的策略和特色是什么？

http://sampan.org SAMPAN舢舨

Kwong Kow Chinese School “Bridging China and the World”

Posted by Kane Carpenter on Tuesday, September 13, 2011

With the mission to disseminate Chinese language and culture to Chinese and non-Chinese learners, Boston Chinatown‘s Kwong Kow Chinese School (KKCS) combines fun with a healthy appetite for academic excellence. Pairing a heritage of more than 90 years with a constant influx of Chinese immigrants into the Chinatown area, KKCS is kept busy year round – but never more so than during the summer.

This summer, enrollment at KKCS peaked at 286 students – with ages ranging from kindergarten to those looking to embark on a college career in the near future. ―Our capacity is 216, actually,‖ said Interim Principal Evonne Liu. ―So we‘re always trying to press down our enrollment.‖

Offering summer classes that include kung fu, cooking, abacus, and field trips to the Museum of Science (not forgetting the miniature Olympic Games that happens in-house and includes an opening torch-bearing ceremony and closing ceremony), who can blame the children for wanted to get into KKCS?

―At the end of the day many of the kids don‘t want to leave,‖ said Liu. ―When their parents come to pick them up, the kids will say, ?You‘re not on time‘, because they want to keep playing in their afterschool activities.‖

Founded in 1916 by the Chinese Merchants Association (the On Leong Merchants Association) to establish an educational institution to help maintain Chinese heritage among overseas Chinese,

KKCS is the oldest one of its kind in Boston and one of the longest-running Chinese schools on the East Coast.

The school became a nonprofit institution in 1981 in order to ensure the sustainability of the school as a community resource. Having provided Chinese language and cultural education, academic support, and recreational programs for more than 20,000 children of Chinese immigrants in the Greater Boston/ Eastern Massachusetts region, the KKCS has a pedigree few can boast of. The key, one might ask?

―We try to combine a cultural education with academic excellence, and we try to make things fun for the students, too,‖ said Liu.

But, according to Liu, fun and games are not the priority.

As one of the only Chinese-language schools to possess a computer lab, as well as one of the only schools in the region to offer free Young Learner‘s Chinese (YCT) test tutoring, KKCS demands academic achievement.

―A few of our students have already complete level three [of four on the YCT test score scale], so we‘re figuring out how to get our kids up to level four,‖ said Liu.

Growing up in Guangzhou, and majoring in ―many things,‖ as she would say, Principal Liu has knack with children. Walking past each of the country-theme classrooms in KKCS‘ four-year-old, 16,892 square feet building at 87 Tyler Street, Liu was approached and waved to by numerous children clad in red school shirts.

―I‘ve always had a passion for teaching,‖ said Liu. ―Ever since I was in school I wanted to learn and teach.‖

Despite being a Chinese school, classes are taught in a variety of different languages to suit the needs of the class and the students. Interestingly, students at KKCS do not only come from mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines, but also native students of Chinese American background, adopted children from China, and students from White, Black, and Hispanic family backgrounds have a place at the school.

An establishment that offers ―quality out-of-school activities‖ to all ages, including Fun Fun Mandarin, and Mandarin classes for adults, the KKCS‘ corridor walls are lined with photos of smiling children and adults – learning and performing activities not only meant to be special and meaningful to those, specifically, of the Chinese community, but for those who want to learn and excel on their own paths, too.

二． 如何借鉴平行文本

作业4

借鉴：

New York offers many venues that feature different skyline views---but few come close to Top of the Rock. High-tech sky shuttle elevators will take you up to the 67th floor and the Grand Viewing Room, a wrap-around space that has northern and southern views. The 70th floor---a mere 20 feet wide and 200 feet long---crowns the building with a 360-degree panoramic view of the city. Top of the Rock offers many ticketing options that combine admission to neighboring attractions at a reduced price. These include the Rock Pass, which also grants admission the NBC Studio Tour, and is available at the box offices for both venues; the Art & Observation Tour, which

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