沪教版专用8年级 第13讲：被动语态用法讲解 教师版

沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

第份上海市牛津版寒假讲义

初二年级

年月日

上海初高中英语出品

沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

第13讲：被动语态用法讲解

各个时态的被动语态

1．被动语态的用法：

当说话者强调的是动作本身，且没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时，常使用被动语态。被动语态可避免提及动作的执行者，这样有利于对观点的陈述。在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者。

2．八种时态的主动变被动形式：

1)

We keep the butter in the fridge. =>The butter is kept in the fridge.

2)

Jane painted a picture. =>A picture was painted by Jane.

3)

The teacher will allow you to leave early. =>You will be allowed to leave early.

4）

I was sure people would punish him. =>1 was sure he would be punished．

5)

He is repairing my bike. =>My bike is being repaired by him.

6)

He was making a model plane. =>A model plane was being made by him.

7)

They have caught the thief. =>The thief has been caught.

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沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

8)

They told me that people had sent him to the hospital. => They told me that he had been sent

to the hospital.

3．情态动词can，may，must的被动形式：

情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+ be+过去分词”构成。

1)情态动词can

We can use coal to produce electricity. =>Coal can be used to produce electricity.

2)情态动词may

They may open a new school next year. =>A new school may be opened next year.

3)情态动词must

You must do the homework carefully. =>The homework must be done carefully.

【技能点睛】

不及物动词（如appear，die，disappear，happen，rise）和状态动词(如become，cost，

，have，last，look like)不能构成被动语态。

contain，fail

主动变被动应注意的几个问题

1．带复合宾语的句子如何改为被动语态：

1)将带复合宾语的句子改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。

We always keep the classroom（宾语）clean(宾语补足语)．我们经常使教室保持干净。

→The classroom（原宾语）is always kept clean.

I find the book（宾语）very interesting(宾语补足语)．我发现这本书很有趣。

→The book（原宾语）is found very interesting.

2)下列动词后接动词作宾语补足语时应省去to，若改为被动语态，to必须还原。

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沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

I often hear him sing the song.我经常听见他唱歌。

→He is often heard to sing the song.

He made me work all day.他让我整天工作。

→I was made to work all day.

2．带双宾语的句子如何改为被动语态：

带双宾语的句子改为被动语态时，通常将间接宾语改成主语，而直接宾语保留下来。有时也可把直接宾语改为主语，间接宾语前加上to或for。

主动：We gave him（间接宾语）a warm welcome（直接宾语）．我们热烈欢迎他。

→He (原间接宾语) was given a warm welcome(直接宾语)．

→A warm welcome(原直接宾语)was given to him（间接宾语）．

主动：My mother made me（间接宾语）a new dress（直接宾语）．母亲给我做了件新衣。

→I(原间接宾语) was made a new dress. (直接宾语)．

→A new dress(原直接宾语)was made for me（间接宾语）．

下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时，间接宾语前加to：

award授予bring带来give给hand交给leave遗赠

lend借出mail寄给offer提供pass传给pay支付给

下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时，间接宾语前加for：

boil煮沸book预订bring带来build建筑buy买

make制作order订购pick摘prepare准备reach够取

3．带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态的两个句型：

①宾语从句的主语+ be+主句谓语的过去分词+宾语从句谓语的不定式

②It + be +主句谓语的过去分词+ that+原宾语从句

People say she knows five languages.人们说他懂5种语言。

→She is said to know five languages.

→It is said that she knows five languages.

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沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

We believe the book has been translated into English．我们相信这书已被翻译成英语。

→The book is believed to have been translated into English.

→It is believed that the book has been translated into English.

【课堂练习】

I . Choose the best answer.

() 1. A toy monkey _____________ to the child as a present on Christmas Day last year.

A. gave

B. is given

C. was given

D. was giving

() 2. In some places, little ______________ to make smoke clean.

A. does

B. is done

C. has done

D. is doing

() 3. His head must _____________ at once.

A. operate

B. operate on

C. be operated

D. be operated on

() 4. The persons under 16 years old shouldn't_______________to go to the Internet Bar.

A. to allow

B. be allowing

C. be allowed

D. allow

() 5. The second regional meeting on bird flu________________ in Vietnam not long ago.

A. held

B. was held

C. will held

D. will be held

() 6. Mr Smith, together with his wife, _________________ to attend the party last week.

A. invited

B. was invited

C. were invited

D. to invite

() 7. The window____________ by the naughty boy yesterday.

A. breaks

B. broke

C. is broken

D. was broken

() 8. Football ____________ everywhere in the world.

A. are played

B. is played

C. is playing

D. was playing

() 9. All the questions _____________ on the paper.

A. answer

B. are answered

C. will answer

D. are answering

() 10. The baby panda is ______________ by the nurses.

A. take care

B. taken care

C. taken care of

D. take care of

() 11. English is_____________ by travelers in the world.

A. used

B. using

C. use

D. to use

() 12. Traffic rules must______________ b y the drivers.

A. obey

B. obey

C. be obeyed

D. is obeyed

() 13. The food and medicine should_______________ at a low temperature.

A. keep

B. be kept

C. keeping

D. kept

() 14. In that small city, the girls_________________ to go out at night.

A. isn't allowed

B. mustn't allowed

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沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

C. aren't allowed

D. wasn't allowed

() 15. English_______________ by many people as a second language.

A. are learnt

B. were learnt

C. learnt

D. is learnt

() 16. It is said that a Children's Palace_______________ by them in that city in 2008.

A. will built

B. has built

C. will be built

D. are built

() 17. When I was in England, that restaurant_______________ a t that time.

A. is welcomed

B. was welcomed

C. was welcoming

D. welcomes

( ) 18. New laws __________________to fight pollution in the near future in China.

A. will be made

B. will make

C. is made

D. have made

() 19. The wet clothes _________________ outside, or they won't be dry easily.

A. should hang up

B. should hung up

C. should be hung up

D. should be hanged up

() 20. Where _______________the World Expo 2010 ______________ ?

A. is, held

B. will, be held

C. was, held

D. has, been held

II . Turn the following sentences Into passive voice.

1.They write many business letters every day.

Many business letters ______________ ______________ every day.

2.Most of the people in that Country speak French.

French______________ _______________ by most of the people in that country.

3.Thousands of people visit the Great Wall every day.

The Great Wall_______________ ________________ by thousands of people.

4.Mr Wang set up a private school in that village.

A private school ________________ _______________ up in that village by Mr. Wang.

5.They used a new kind of explosive to destroy the old bridge.

A new kind of explosive_________________ _______________ to destroy the old bridge

by them.

6.We must finish our homework every day.

Our homework________________ ________________ _______________ every day.

7.My father will buy a new bicycle for me.

A new bicycle ________________ ________________ _______________ for me by my

father.

8.The school will award Billy a computer next week.

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沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

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Bill _______________ ________________ ________________ a computer next week.

9. Nurses must take good care of the babies. Babies ________________ ________________ _________________ good care of by nurses.

10. We should praise the boy for his honesty.

The boy _______________ _______________ _______________ for honesty by us.

11. They produce silk in Suzhou.

Silk______________ _______________ in Suzhou.

12. The children will sing an English song.

An English song _______________ ________________ ________________ by the children.

13. You needn't do it now.

It _______________ _______________ _______________ by you now.

14. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card ________________ _______________ ______________ me last week. 15. I gave this book to the library.

This book ________________ _______________ to the library.

16. Did they build a bridge here a year ago?

______________ a bridge _______________ here by them a year ago?

17. Will you put on an English play in our school?

______________ an English play_______________ ______________ on in our school?

18. Does he often make model planes ?

______________ model

planes often_______________ ______________ ______________?

19. Did he break the window yesterday ?

______________ the

window______________ _______________

________________yesterday ?

20. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom______________ ______________ every day.

Ⅰ. 1-5 CBDCB 6-10 BDBBC 11-15 ACBCD 16-20 CBACB

Ⅱ. 1. are written 2. is spoken 3. is visited 4. was set 5. was used 6.

must be finished

7. will be bought 8. will be awarded 9. must be taken 10. should be praised 11. is produced

12. will be sung 13. needn’t be done 14. was sent to 15. was given 16. Was built 17. Will be put 18. Are made by him 19. Was broken by him 20. is cleaned

沪教版初中7-9英语寒假班\沪教版专用8年级寒假讲义

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arrive

A. stands

B. stand

C. standing

D. stood

A. our

B. we

C. ours

D. us

A. has stopped to snow

B. stopped to snow

C. stops snowing

D. has stopped snowing

A. How long

B. When

C. What

D. How

A. How a

B. How an

C. How

D. What a

9. I sincerely you to be forever.

A. wish …happy

B. hope …happiness

C. wish …happiness

D. hope …happy

A. never gone

B. gone

C. never been

D. been

11. I purchased a story book. It is story I ’ve ever read.

A. interesting

B. interest

C. more interesting

D. the most interesting

A. angry

B. angrily

C. to be angry

D. being angry

13. The Greeks had to leave the huge horse at the gate, ?

A. hadn ’t the Greeks

B. didn ’t they

C. hadn ’t they

D. didn ’t the Greeks

A. except

B. expect

C. beside

D. besides

16. It is raining outside. We stay at home.

A. must

B. have to

C. need

D. mustn ’t

17. Please don ’t forget it here tomorrow morning.

A. taking

B. to take

C. to bring

D. bringing

A. has bought her calculator

B. has become a League member

C. has joined the basketball team

D. has been a Young Pioneer

A. played

B. had played

C. was playing

D. would play

Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.

1. The buildings are (main) made of stone and steel.

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