国贸课后练习答案全 周瑞琪

acceptance 承兑 factoring 保理业务 actual total loss 实际全损 forfeiting 包买票据 ad valorem 从价运费 fortuitous accidents 意外事故 additional 附属费 franchise 免赔率 advanced B/L 预签提单 freight rates 运费率 air transportation 空运 freight ton 运费吨 air waybill 空运单 general average 共同海损 ante-dated B/L 倒签提单 general risks 一般外来风险 anticipatory credit 预支信用证 indemnity 赔偿 back-to-back credit 背对背信用证 insurable interest 可保利益 basic freight 基本运费 insurance certificate 保险凭证 beneficiary 受益人 insurance claim 保险索赔 bill of exchange 汇票 insurance cover(age) 保险险别 charter party 租船契约 insurance policy 保险单 charter transportation 租船运输 insurance premium 保险费 charter(tramp) 不定期货船 insurance rate 保险费率 check 支票 irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证 claimant 索赔人 lay day 装卸天数 clean B/L 清洁提单 liner/gross terms 班轮条件 clean bill 光票 liners transportation 班轮运输 clean collection 光票托收 measurement ton 尺码吨 clean credit 光票信用证 natural calamity 自然灾害 combined certificate 联合凭证 open policy 预约保单 confirmed L/C 保兑信用证 optional port 选择港 constructive total loss 推定全损 order B/L 指示提单 containerization 集装箱运输 partial loss 部分损失 contribution 分摊 partial shipments 分批装运 deferred payment 延期付款 particular average 单独海损 demurrage 滞期费 paying instrument 支付工具 discount 折扣，贴现 payment by installments 分期付documentary bill 跟单汇票 款 documentary letter of credit 跟单payment in advance 预付 信用证 payment term 支付方式 endorsement 背书 perils of the sea 海上风险 exclusions 除外责任 port of destination 目的港 external risks 外来风险 port of shipment 装运港 extraneous risks 外来风险 presentation 提示

CFS (Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站 CIC (China Insurance Clauses) 中国保险条例 CP (Charter Party) 租船契约 CY (Container Yard) 集装箱堆场

D/A (documents against acceptance) 承兑交单 D/D (demand draft) 即期汇票

D/P (documents against payment) 付款交单 DR to DR (Door to Door) 门到门运输 F. I. (Free In) 船方管卸不管装

F. I. O. (Free In and Out) 船方不管装卸

F. I. O. S. T. (Free In and Out, Stowed ＆ Trimmed) 船方不管装卸，理舱和平舱F. O. (Free Out) 船方管装不管卸

FCI (Factors Chain International) 国际保理联合会 FCL (Full Container Load) 整装箱

FPA (Free from Particular Average) 平安险 GA (General Contribution) 共同分摊

ICC (Institute Cargo Clause) 协会货物运输保险条款

IMT (International Multimodal Transportation) 国际多式联运 IOP (irrespective of percentage) 不计免赔率

presenting bank 代收行 promissory note 本票

proximate cause 近因原则

rail(way) transportation 铁路运输 reciprocal credit 对开信用证 red clause credit 红条款信用证 remittance 汇付

revocable L/C 可撤销信用证 revolving credit 循环信用证 road transportation 公路运输 sea transportation 海运 sea waybill 海运单 sight draft 即期汇票 sight L/C即期信用证

special risks 特殊外来风险 stale B/L 过期提单

standby L/C 备用信用证 straight B/L 记名提单 subject matter 保险标的 subrogation 代位求偿权 sum insured 保险金额 surcharge 附加费 tenor 汇票期限

the insured/insurant 被保险人 the insurer 承保人，保险公司 time charter 期租船 time of delivery 交货期 time/usance draft 远期汇票 total loss 全部损失

transferable L/C 可转让信用证 transshipment 转船 underwriter 承保人

unexpected accidents 意外事故 utmost good faith 最大诚信原则 voyage charter 程租船 weight ton 重量吨

L/C (letter of credit) 信用证 L/G (letter of guarantee) 保函

LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼装箱 M (Measurement) 尺码 M/T (mail transfer) 信汇

MTO (Multimodal Transportation Operator) 多式联运经营人

PICC (the People’s Insurance Company of China) 中国人民保险公司 SRCC (strikes, riots and civil commotions) 罢工，暴动，民变脸 T/T (telegraphic transfer) 电汇

TPND (theft, pilferage and non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险

UCP 600 (Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit 600) 跟单信用证统一惯例 600 URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collection 522) 托收统一规则 W (Weight) 重量

W/W Clause (Warehouse to Warehouse Clause) 仓至仓条款 WPA (With Particular Average) 水渍险

Chapter 5

1. In international cargo transportation, the most widely adopted bill of lading is D. order bill of lading. 2. In DES contracts, a reasonable order for time of shipment and time of delivery is B. June 1 and July 1.

3. A bill of lading is C. ante-dated B/L when its date of shipment is indicated earlier than the actual time of shipment.

4. A (An) D. bill of lading represents title to the cargo. 5. In the import and export business, B. an ocean B/L can be made out to negotiable document. 6. The bill of lading presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentation or after the goods are due at the port of destination is a A. stale B/L.

7. A “freight to be collected” B/L is acceptable to the buyer when the contract is based on A. FOB. 8. A C. conference liner normally has regular scheduled departures, specified routes and comparatively fixed freight rates.

9. An order B/L with blank endorsement is a B/L showing B. neither the name of consignee nor the name of transferee. 10. A(n) A. straight B/L refers to one that is made out to a designated consignee. Chapter 6

1. The main document adopted by the insured to make claims against the insurer is D. insurance document. 2. Perils of the sea, such as vessel being stranded or grounded covered in an insurance policy are one kind of B. fortuitous accidents. 3. According to “Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the People’s Insurance Company of China”, the coverage which cannot be effected independently is C. War Risk.

4. Company A exported 5 metric tons of tea. The tea suffered heavy storm in transit. The sea water in the ship’s hold led to the deterioration in the quality of part of the tea exported. This kind of loss is D. particular average. 5. The insurance document that is acceptable mostly in Hong Kong of China, Singapore and Malaysia is C. combined certificate. 6. The coverage of ICC(A) is equivalent to that of C. All Risks of CIC. 7. Risks such as “failure to delivery risk” or “rejection risk” fall within the category of B. special extraneous risks. 8. According to “Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the People’s Insurance Company of China”, the basic coverage that is the least extensive is A. FPA. 9. In the case of air freight, if the subject matter insured failed to reach the warehouse at destination stipulated in the insurance policy, the expiration of the insurance is B. 30 days after completion of discharge overside from the overseas vessel at the final port of discharge.

10. Under C. ICC(C) coverage of London Institute Cargo Clause, only major casualties are covered, but not natural calamities. Chapter 7

1. If there is no specific provision, the draft under a letter of credit should draw on the B. issuing bank.

2. The draft used in collection is D. a commercial draft, based on commercial credit. 3. A standby credit B. is a special clean credit. 4. Under collection once the importer refuses to pay, the C. principal will be responsible for the cargo release, customs clearance, warehousing, and reselling in the importing country. 5. The bill of exchange used in D/A must be a D. usance bill. 6. If a bank other than the issuing bank guarantees the payment under an L/C, this L/C is A. a confirmed credit. 7. A C. reciprocal credit is normally used in processing trade. 8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about remittance? A. It provides highest security to the buyer but not the seller. 9. B. packing loan is a L/C based financing which will provide the exporter funds before the goods are produced.

10. If the exporter finds out mistakes on a received L/C, he should contact the B. importer at the first place.

Chapter 5

T 1 .Liner freight has covered the loading and unloading fee.

F 2. When the ship-owner speeds up his ship and arrives at the destination at an earlier date than stipulated, he can obtain dispatch money from the charterer.

T 3. When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship owner.

F 4. Ocean bills of lading, air waybills and rail waybills are property documents presenting title to cargoes, so they are all negotiable.

T 5. Bills of lading are usually made out in a full set including several originals and copies. F 6. Since straight B/L bears higher risk than the open B/L , it is rarely used in international transportation.

F 7. A clean B/L is issued by the seller to the buyer to certify that the goods delivered are in apparent goods condition.

F 8. In international trade practice, the time of shipment is actually the time of delivery.

T 9. Sometimes when the buyer cannot determine a specific port of discharge during negotiation, he may require two or three ports to be written on the contract as optional ports.

T 10. UCP 600 stipulates that partial shipment and transshipment are allowed unless it is stipulated otherwise. Chapter 6

F 1. In marine cargo insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the insurance underwriter. F 2. In Chinese insurance practice, open policy is the same as the insurance certificate.

T 3. Special additional coverages such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA, WPA or ALL Risks.

F 4. In ocean marine insurance, natural calamities include heavy weather, earthquake, tsunami, flood, collision, etc.

T 5. The coverage of Land Transportation Risk and Air Transportation Risk are almost equivalent to WPA in marine cargo insurance.

F 6. Subrogation Principle states that in the event of loss of or damage to the subject matter insured resulting from an insured peril, the insured is placed in the same position that he enjoyed immediately before the loss occurred.

T 7. The 10% markup rate of the commercial invoice value in an insurance policy is to cover an anticipated profit as well as other additional costs involved.

T 8. Under a deductible franchise, where the loss or damage exceeds the percentage allowed, the insurance company needs merely indemnify the exceeding part to the insured.

F 9. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.

F 10. The claimant is the party who suffers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured by himself.

Chapter 7

F 1. If the remittance is made by a banker’s demand draft, this payment is based on bank credit. T 2. For a confirmed credit, the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bank.

T 3. A letter of credit which does not indicate whether it is revocable or not is regarded as irrevocable. F 4. A letter of credit not mentioning ti is non-transferable will be seen as transferable.

F 5. Using a third currency in collecting payment is the best protection against currency risk for the seller.

T 6. Since under L/C the seller gets payment from a party independent of the buyer, it is the safest mode for him.

T 7. Open account and payment in advance indicate the minimum and maximum risk for the importer. F 8. Dishonor only refers to the rejection to the presentation for payment, but not rejection to the presentation for acceptance.

T 9. Under collection though the seller collects payment through banks, it is not guaranteed that he will receive the money as collection is still based on commercial credit.

F 10. In international trade clean collection is more frequently used than documentary collection.

Chapter 5

1. Under what circumstances does the time of shipment equal to the time of delivery?

Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment while time of delivery refers to the time limit during which the seller shall deliver the goods to the buyer at the agreed place.

For all shipment contracts, time of shipment equals to time of delivery, and according to Incoterms 2010, contracts concluded on the basis terms like FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA, CPT, CIP are shipment contracts. Under the shipment contract, the seller fulfills his obligation of delivery when the goods are shipped on board the vessel or delivered to the carrier and the seller only bears all risks prior to shipment. 2. What are the functions of a bill of a lading?

A cargo receipt, evidence of a contract of carriage, a document of title to the goods.

3. What are the main types of bills of lading? ·According to whether the goods have been loaded on board the carrying vessel: Shipped B/L and received for shipment B/L ·According to the apparent condition of the received cargo: Clean B/L and Unclean B/L, ·According to the address of the consignee: Straight B/L, Order B/L and Bear B/L, ·According to whether transshipment is involved in transit: Direct B/L and Transshipment B/L, ·According to the perplexity or simplicity of the bill content: Long term B/L and Short term B/L, ·According to the payment condition of freight: Freight prepaid B/L and Freight to be Collected B/L ·According to the validity: Original B/L and Copy B/L ·Other forms of bill of lading also exist according to different circumstances: Stale B/L, Ante-dated B/L, Advanced B/L, On-deck B/L.

4. What are the ways of dividing charges of loading and unloading in a charter party? ·Liner Terms/ Gross Terms or In and out: The ship-owner bears loading and unloading cost. ·Free in: The ship-owner is only responsible for unloading cost. ·Free out: The ship-owner is only responsible for loading cost. ·Free in and out: The ship-owner does not bear loading and unloading cost. OR F. I. O. S. T.: The ship-owner does not bear loading and unloading cost, not even bear the expenses of stowing and trimming. 5. What factors are to be concerned in stipulating clause of delivery in a contract?

Time of delivery(time of shipment), port (place) of shipment and port (place) of destination, partial shipment, transshipment, or lay days, demurrage and dispatch money. Chapter 6

1. What are the differences between general average and particular average?

Although both general average and particular average belong to the category of partial loss, there is still some differences between them: ·Causes: Particular average is a kind of cargo loss usually caused directly by sea perils, while general average is caused by intentional measures taken to save the common interest. ·Indemnification: Particular average is often borne by the party whose cargo is damaged, while general average should be proportionally contributed among all parties benefited from the intentional measures.

2. What are the conditions for general average? ·The danger that threatens the common safety of cargo and/or vessel shall be materially existent and is not foreseen. ·The measures taken by the master shall be aimed to remove the common danger of both vessel and cargo and shall be undertaken deliberately and reasonably for common safety. ·The sacrifice shall be specialized and not caused by perils directly and the expense incurred shall be additional expense which is not within the operation budget.

·The actions of the ship’s master shall be successful in saving the voyage

3. What are the differences between the scope of ICC(B) and ICC(C)?

The scope of ICC(C) covers loss of damage to the cargo attributable to fire or explosion, vessel of craft being stranded, grounded, sunk or capsized, overturning or derailment of land conveyance, collision or contract of vessel, craft or conveyance with any external object other than water, or discharge of cargo at a port of distress, general average sacrifice, or jettison.

Apart from those covered under ICC(C), the scope of ICC(B) also covers loss of or damage to the subject matter insured attributable to earthquake, volcanic eruption or conveyance, container, liftvan or place of storage, or total loss of any package lost overboard or dropped whilst loading onto or unloading form, vessel or craft.

4. What are the risks that are known as general additional coverage

1)T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery), 2)Fresh Water Rain Damage, 3)Risk of Shortage, 4)Risk of Inter Mixture and Contamination, 5)Risk of Leakage, 6)Risk of Clash and Breakage, 7)Risk of Odor, 8)Heating and Sweating Risk, 9)Hook Damage, 10)Risk of Rust, 11)Breakage of Packing Damage 5. What are the main expenses involved in ocean marine insurance? How to define them? Marine cargo insurance also covers the expenses incurred to avoid or reduce the damage to or loss of the subject matter insured. There are mainly two types of expenses. One is Sue and labor expense, the other is salvage charges.

Sue and labor expense are extraordinary expenses made in a time of peril by the insured to act to avert, or minimize any loss of or damage to the subject matter insured. Salvage charges are

expenses resulting from measures properly taken by a third party other than the insured, his agent, or any person employed by them to preserve maritime property from peril at sea. 6. What documents are needed when an insurance claim is made? ·Original insurance policy or insurance certificate

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