雅思阅读词汇整理 同义替换

time-consuming adj. 浪费时间的。of a task that takes time and patience

alternative adj. 两者择一的。serving or used in place of another congested adj. 拥挤的；堵塞的。overfull as with blood reed

n. 芦苇。tall woody perennial（反复的 常年的） grasses with hollow

slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

aquatic adj. 水生的；水中的。relating to or consisting of or being in water purify v. (使）净化。remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation

oxygen n. 氧气。a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas

disruptive adj. 破坏性的；制造混乱的。characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination sufficient

adj. 足够的；充分的。of a quantity that can fulfill a need or

requirement but without being abundant attentive simulate

adj. 注意的。(often followed by `to') giving care or attention v. 模拟；模仿。reproduce someone's behavior or looks

adj. 根本的；重要的。serving as an essential component

fundamental

refrigerator n. 冰箱。goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures yawn v. 打呵欠。an involuntary intake of breath through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom;

contagious adj. 传染性的。easily diffused or spread as from one person to another

eliminate adj. 除去；剔除。terminate, end, or take out

susceptible adj. 易受外界影响的；易受感染的。(often followed by `of' or `to') yielding readily to or capable of essential category

adj. 必要的；重要的。absolutely necessary; vitally necessary n. 种类；类别。a collection of things sharing a common attribute

interpersonal adj. 人与人之间的；人际关系的。occurring among or involving several people

critical n. 决定性的。urgently needed; absolutely necessary

monitor n. 监视器；监听员。someone who supervises (an examination) textile n. 纺织品。artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

spider n. 蜘蛛。predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey elasticity

n. 弹力；弹性。the tendency of a body to return to its original

shape after it has been stretched or compressed replicate

vt. 复制；模拟。reproduce or make an exact copy of

memorize v. 记住；记录。commit to memory; learn by heart recite v. 背诵。repeat aloud from memory

photographic adj. 摄影的。relating to photography or obtained by using photography

atrophy n. 萎缩。a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse

vicious adj. 恶毒的；恶意的。(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

confine v. 限制；禁闭。place limits on (extent or access)

Promotion n. 促销。encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

mislead v. 误导；使产生错误印象。lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

talc n. 滑石粉。a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder

component n. 零部件；元件；组成部分。something determined in relation to something that includes it reluctant

adj. 不情愿的；勉强的。unwillingness to do something

recuperate v. （使）恢复；（使）复原。regain or make up for hinder v. 阻碍；打扰。be a hindrance or obstacle to; salinity nitrogen

n. 盐浓度；盐分。the relative proportion of salt in a solution n. 氮。a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless

odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas

distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的。of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing

Eexpedition n. 远征；探险队。an organized group of people undertaking a journey for a particular purpose

arctic n. 北极圈；北极。the regions to the north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole

sonar n. 声纳。a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return

lactic acid n. 乳酸。a clear odorless hygroscopic syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and in many fruits

expertise n. 专门知识；专门技术。skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge

novice n. 新手。someone new to a field or activity

journeyman n. 熟练工人。a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

apprentice n. 学徒；见习生。works for an expert to learn a trade primitive

adj. 原始的。little evolved from or characteristic of an earlier

ancestral type

aestivation n. 夏眠。(zoology) cessation or slowing of activity during the summer; especially slowing of metabolism in some animals during a hot or dry period （hibernation 冬眠）

plastic n. 塑料；塑料制品。generic name for certain synthetic or semisynthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for making e.g. coatings and adhesives commodity n. 商品。articles of commerce

rubber n. 橡胶。an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products

supersede v. 取代；接替。take the place or move into the position of fiber

n. 纤维(物质)。any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a

muscle fiber or a nerve fiber)

tattoo n. 文身。a design on the skin made by tattooing pigment

n. 色素； 颜料。dry coloring material (especially a powder to be

mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.)

conscious adj. 神志清醒的；意识到的。knowing and perceiving; having awareness of surroundings and sensations and thoughts

dilettante n. 业余爱好者。an amateur who engages in an activity without serious intentions and who pretends to have knowledge hypothesize grounds

remarkable adj. 非凡的。unusual or striking immune

adj. 免疫的。relating to the condition of immunity

n. 宣传。information that is spread for the purpose of v. 假设；假定。to believe especially on uncertain or tentative

propaganda

promoting some cause

resemble v. 与…相似；像。 be similar or bear a likeness to photography

n. 摄影。the act of taking and printing photographs

aesthetic adj. 美学的；审美的。relating to or dealing with the subject of

aesthetics emotion

n. 感情；情绪。any strong feeling

dispense with v. 摒弃； 省掉。give up what is not strictly needed monk n 僧人

monastery n \修道院；寺院\primitive

adj. \to human society at a very early stage of

development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system

原始的，早期的，远古的\

battery n. \etc. 电池\wire

n. \

things and for making particular types of objects that are strong but can bend 金属丝；金属线\

simultaneous adj. \同时的\

detection n. \觉察；发现\

colony n. \that is often far away

殖民地\dash

n. \a long sound or flash of light that is used with dots to send

messages in Morse (code) （莫尔斯电码中的）长音，长划\

telegraph n. \in the past) a method of sending and receiving messages by electrical or radio signals, or the special equipment used for this purpose

（尤指过去的）电报；电报机\

cable n. \signals, etc.

（传输电、电话信号等的）电缆\insulate

\

order to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering 使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘\

rubber n. \of particular tropical trees or artificially 橡胶；合成橡胶\

latex n. \or a rubber-like substance made from this or from plastic, used in making clothes, paint, glue, etc.

胶乳；（尤指橡胶树的）橡浆；橡胶，乳胶\tropical

adj. \

热带的\

peninsula n. \into the sea or into a lake 半岛\

installation n. \particular, especially military, purpose （尤指用于军事目的的）设施\

lead n. \a chemical element that is a very heavy, soft, dark grey, poisonous metal, used especially in the past on roofs and for pipes and also for protection against radiation 铅\property

n. \quality in a substance or material, especially one that

means that it can be used in a particular way 属性，性能，特性\

reputed adj. \to be the true situation although this is not known to be certain and may not be likely 据说的；普遍认为的；号称的\

submarine n. \潜艇\

ashore adv. \towards or onto land from an area of water 向岸，向陆地；上岸，上陆地:\Flocks of n.

span 横跨\

v \

undertake v \take a long time or be difficult

（开始）做，承担，从事（尤指耗时或困难之事）\

cart n. \for carrying goods

（两轮或四轮的）运货马车\parched

adj. \

(especially of earth or crops) dried out because of too much heat and not enough rain

（尤指土地或庄稼）焦干的，干枯的\essential adj. \必要的，必不可少的\

termite n. \白蚁\

aboriginal adj. \country or continent since the earliest time known to people 土著的；土生土长的\

continent n. \of the seven large land masses on the earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of various countries

洲，大洲，大陆\resort to

v \to do something that you do not want to do because you

cannot find any other way of achieving something （别无办法的情况下）诉诸，依靠，采用\brackish

adj. \

（水）又咸又脏的\

Infant n. \婴儿\acuity n. \

the ability to hear, see, or think accurately and clearly （听力、视力、思维等的）灵敏度，敏锐\

stem n. \grow, or which forms a support 主干\

dictate v. \give orders, or tell someone exactly what they must do, with total authority

命令，下（令）；决定，规定\

cortex n \（尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层，皮质\vertical

adj. \or pointing straight up or at an angle of 90° to a

horizontal surface or line 竖直的；垂直的；立式的\

diagonal adj. \diagonal line is straight and sloping, not horizontal or

vertical, for example joining two opposite corners of a square or other flat shape with four sides. 斜线的，对角线的\

profound adj. \强烈的；深沉的；极度的\

phoneme n 音素 one of the smallest units of speech that make one word different from another word:

encounter n \偶然相遇，邂逅，不期而遇\

process v. \part of an industrial operation 加工（食品或原料）\

nerve n \group of long, thin fibres (= structures like threads) that carry information or instructions between the brain and other parts of the body 神经\

cell n \细胞\

evolve v. \develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to develop gradually

（使）逐步发展；（使）逐步演变；（使）逐渐形成；（使）进化\drought

n \

久旱，旱灾\

ecological adj. \生态的；生态学的；环保的\

stretch v. \cause something to reach, often as far as possible, in a particular direction 伸出；伸长；拉伸\

Emu n \large Australian bird with a long neck and grey or brown feathers. Emus cannot fly but have long legs and can run quickly. （产于澳大利亚的）鸸鹋\prickly adj. \prickles 多刺的；刺痛的；痒的\

breed v. \controlled way （为繁殖目的）饲养\

erode v. \侵蚀，腐蚀；磨损，磨去\

chord n \（音乐的）和弦，和音\

tone n \a quality in the voice that expresses the speaker's feelings or thoughts, often towards the person being spoken to （常指对听话人的）语气，腔调，口吻\

contribute to v. \

促成；导致\

ballet n \type of dancing where carefully organized movements tell a story or express an idea, or a theatre work that uses this type of dancing 芭蕾舞，舞剧\

striking adj. %unusual or easily noticed, and therefore attracting a lot of attention

异乎寻常的，惊人的；引人注目的\

counterpart n \in a different place or organization

（与不同地方或组织的人或物）作用相同者，相对应者\

elite n \in a society

（社会）上层集团；掌权人物；出类拔萃的人，精英\

unadorned adj. plain and simple, with little or no decoration,朴素的 peasant

n \

crops, keeps animals, etc. on it, especially one who has a low income, very little education, and a low social position. This is usually used of someone who lived in the past or of someone in a poor country. （通常指旧时或贫穷国家的）农民，农夫\court

n \

宫廷；王室；朝廷 \

palace n \person of high social rank 宫殿\edict

n \official order, especially one that is given in a forceful and

unfair way 法令，命令\

deliberate adj. \（常指坏事）有意的，故意的，蓄意的\compilation

n \

汇编；编纂；编辑；编制\

courtesy n \谦恭有礼的举止，礼貌；礼节；客气话\intricacy

n \

错综复杂的细节\refined made

精细的；完善的；精妙的\

Imperial adj. \or relating to an empire or the person or country that rules it 帝国的；皇帝的\reign

\

adj. \improved because of many small changes that have been

为王，为君；当政；统治\

choreography n the skill of combining movements into dances to be performed 编舞

debut n \the public for the first time 首演，首次公演\

initiate v. \开始，创始\rule out

v. \

to prevent something from happening 使…成为不可能，使…不可能发生；防止\Plot n \情节\

aristocracy n a class of people who hold high social rank, 君主 首领阶级 aquaculture n the raising of water animals such as fish for food, or the growing of plants in water for food 水产

mussel n \small, orange sea creature that lives inside a black shell with two parts that close tightly together. Mussels can be eaten. 贻贝，淡菜\

oyster n \can be eaten either cooked or uncooked, and other types of which produce pearls (= small round white precious stones) 牡蛎，蚝\

hurdle n \problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress 障碍；难题\

venture n \a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty

（有风险的）企业；投机活动；商业冒险\

advocate v. \doing something

主张；拥护；支持；提倡\

accessible adj. \可进入的，可接近的；可得到的\

consequence n \bad or not convenient

（常指不好或不利的）结果，后果\deteriorate v. \恶化，变坏\

fertilizer n \given to plants, to make plants grow well 肥料\

run-off n Runoff is also chemicals and animal excrement that flow into rivers and lakes and pollute the environment 化学冲刷物 contaminate v. \

to make something less pure or make it poisonous 污染；弄脏；毒害\marine

adj. \

海（洋）的；航海的；海运的\

polyculture n the practice of growing several different crops or keeping several different types of animal on an area of land:混种 considerable adj. \相当大的；相当多的；非常可观的；相当重要的\conventional adj. \传统的；常规的；普通的\pertinent adj. \

relating directly to the subject being considered 有关的，直接相关的\

manifestation n \显示；表明\spot

\

looking hard 看见，看出；注意到\

precision n \准确（性），精确（性），精密（度）\malleable adj. \

A malleable substance is easily changed into a new shape.

具延展性的；易变形的\

anthropologist n \who scientifically studies humans and their customs, beliefs, and relationships 人类学家\clan

n \group of families, especially in Scotland, who originally came

from the same family and have the same name （尤指苏格兰的）宗族，氏族\tribe

n \group of people, often of related families, who live together,

sharing the same language, culture, and history, especially those who do not live in towns or cities 部落；部族\

chiefdom n 酋邦社会

scale n \大小；规模；范围\

nomad n a member of a group of people who move from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time 游牧民族 cultivated adj. \已垦殖的；用于耕作的\domesticate

v. \

provide food, power, or company 驯化，驯养；人工培植\

status n \

（尤指在社会中的）地位，身份\ranking

n \

排名；名次；地位\

craft n \skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects; a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or something produced using skill and experience

（尤指制作东西的）工艺，手艺；技术\

obligation n \义务；责任；职责\explicit

adj. \

清楚明白的；明确的；不含糊的\

fossil n \preserved in rock for a very long period 化石\predict

v. \say that an event or action will happen in the future,

especially as a result of knowledge or experience 预言；预料，预计\

flawed adj. \有瑕疵的；有错误的；有缺点的\

catalogue v. \记录；将…编入目录\

inventory n \

（商店的）存货；存货价值\plateau

n \

平稳期；停滞期\

extinction n \灭绝；绝种\

distort v. \meaning, condition, or shape 扭曲；使变形；歪曲\

patchy adj. \散落的，分布不均的，局部地区的\misinterpret

v. \

that is said or done 误解；误释\

mimic v. \moves, usually in order to make people laugh （为逗乐而）模仿，学…的样子\appeal

n \

呼吁，吁请，求助\hard nut violent

难对付的人；脾气暴躁的人\

feat n \something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, courage, etc. to

n \

achieve it

技艺；功绩；业绩；英勇事迹\

authority n \a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity 当局；官方；当权者\assess something

评价；评定；对…估价\

convict n \已决犯，囚犯\Fleet

n \

v. \

船队；（一国的）全部舰队，海军\Military

adj. \

军事的；军用的\voyage

n \

航海；航行\

tread v. \your foot 踩；踏\

contemptuous adj. \轻蔑的，轻视的，鄙视的\

expedition n \

远征；探险，考察\

notion n \观念；看法\

adage n \谚语，格言\

probe n \探测器\

Saturn n \before Uranus 土星\

beam n \光线；光束；光柱\

amateur adj. \业余爱好的，非职业的\

unfold v. \打开；展开；摊开\

manipulation n \often unfairly or dishonestly

操纵（出于个人利益操纵某人某事，常指不公平或不诚信）\

render v. \使成为；使变得；使处于某种状态\

resolution n \

to show things clearly and with a lot of detail

（显微镜、电视、计算机显示屏等的）清晰度，分辨率\

composite n \（由不同部分组成的）混合物，合成物，综合体\serene

adj. \

平静的；安详的\earthling

n \

about by a creature from another planet （尤指故事中外星人对人类的称呼）地球人\

accurate adj. \准确的；精确的；正确的\

astronomy n \scientific study of the universe and of objects that exist naturally in space, such as the moon, the sun, planets, and stars 天文学\

discipline n \particular area of study, especially a subject studied at a college or university

（尤指大学或学院设立的）专业\

comet n \from it, that is seen on rare occasions from the earth as a bright line in the sky 彗星\

supernova n \a few months

超新星（指因爆炸而数月内亮度大增的恒星）\collaborate 合作；协作\

distinction n \区别，差别，不同\

sophisticated adj. \intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks 精密的，复杂的；高级的\

cognitive adj. \感知的；认知的；认识力的\

Symphony n \long piece of music for an orchestra, usually with four movements (= parts) 交响乐，交响曲\

compose v. \作曲；创作（乐曲、诗歌）；着（书）\soloist n \独奏者；独唱者\

devote v. \give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person 将…贡献给，把…奉献给\slew 大量\

n \

v. \

practitioners n \执业者；从业人员\

log v. \正式记录，记载\mediate

v. \talk to two separate people or groups involved in a

disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems 调解，调停，斡旋\

prodigious adj. \强大的，巨大的\tailored

adj. \or changed especially to be suitable for a particular

situation or purpose

特制的，特供的（特别为某一情况或目的制作或改制的）\identical adj. \完全相同的；极为相似的\concordant

adj. in agreement with other facts or based on the same

principles as something else: mutation differences

（基因的）变异，突变\

perception n \how things seem 认识，观念，看法\

n \way in which genes change and produce permanent

trait n \particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour

（个人的）特征，特性，品质\mammal

n \

her own body. Most mammals give birth to live young, not eggs. 哺乳动物\

giraffe n \长颈鹿\

solitary adj. \独自的，唯一的，单个的\

habitat n \（动植物的）生长地，栖息地\

tundra n \and northern Europe where, because it is cold, trees do not grow and ground below the surface is permanently frozen 冻原带，苔原带\

arctic n \北极，北极地区\

scrub n \dry ground of low quality 灌木丛（地带）\

antelope n \

it to run very fast 羚羊\

bison n \shoulders covered in hair, found in North America and Europe. The North American bison is also called a buffalo. （尤指北美）野牛\

massively built adj. 体格健壮的 strong ruminant

adj. \type of animal that brings up food from its stomach and

chews it again, for example a cow, sheep, or deer （尤指牛、羊和鹿等动物）反刍，倒嚼\

digest v. \can use （使）消化\regurgitate

v. \

（使）（咽下的食物）返回到口中；反刍\

herbivorous adj. an herbivorous animal eats only plants 食草的 grazing n \牧场；草场\

foliage n \on which they are growing 叶子；树叶；枝叶\

cloven adj. \to describe something, especially an animal's hoof, that is

divided into two parts

裂开的；（尤指动物的蹄）偶蹄的\sheath

n \

鞘套；护皮\buffalo

n \

水牛，野牛\elegant

adj. \

高雅的；优雅的\sub-family n 亚科

agile adj. \敏捷的，灵活的\

dweller n \城市／城镇／洞穴等居民\

carcass n \be cut up as meat or eaten by wild animals

（尤指大型动物的）尸体；（供野生动物食用的）畜体\ruminant

adj. \type of animal that brings up food from its stomach and

chews it again, for example a cow, sheep, or deer （尤指牛、羊和鹿等动物）反刍，倒嚼\predator

n \

捕食性动物，食肉动物\

rump n \

（动物的）臀部\

gallop v. \together in each act of forward movement, or (of a person) to ride a horse that is running in this way

（马）飞跑，疾驰；（人）骑马奔驰\herd

n \

a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together 兽群；牧群\vicious

adj. \

someone or something very badly. 邪恶的；恶毒的；凶暴的\agriculture n \农业；农艺，农学\sustainable

adj. \

可持续的，能长期保持的\

migration n movement from one region to another and often back again, esp. according to the season of the year:

cultivate v. \crop

耕作；栽培；种植\

imitate v. \copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something

模仿；仿效\seedling 幼苗\

weed n \wild plant that grows in an unwanted place, especially in a garden or field where it prevents the cultivated plants from growing freely 杂草；野草\

mulch n \to keep water in it or to improve it

（为保持水分、肥沃土壤等用的）覆盖料（或物），覆盖层\

facilitation n the act of helping other people to deal with a process or reach an agreement or solution without getting directly involved in the process, discussion, etc. yourself:

loaf v \懒散；（尤指）偷懒\

tallow n \candles

（用于制造肥皂、尤其是旧时蜡烛等的）动物油脂\ingredient n \（成功的）要素，因素\livestock

n \and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, n \

sheep, or chickens 牲畜；家畜；家禽\

uneven adj. \

不平整的；参差不齐的；不平等的；不平坦的；不连续的\superior

n \

上司（的），上级（的）\

chimney n \building to escape to the air outside 烟囱；烟道\

cylindrical adj. 圆筒状的 bellow n 风箱

draft n us 英式拼写的draught 冷风，a current of unpleasantly cold air blowing through a room

derive from v. \来自于，源自\

era n \are typical 时代；年代\rod n \

a long, thin pole made of wood or metal 竿，杆，棒\vaporize into gas

（使）汽化；（使）蒸发\

v. \

plasma n \

a type of gas with almost no electrical charge, found in the sun and other stars 等离子体（一种几乎没有电荷的气体，发现于太阳和其它星球上）\merit n \优点；价值；功绩\bulb n \电灯泡\

filament n \细丝，细线；长丝\

stripe n \the surrounding surface 条纹，斑纹\

ferocious adj. \凶猛的，凶恶的；激烈的；可怕的\shepherd n \

a person whose job is to take care of sheep and move them from one place to another 牧羊人，羊倌\

pandemonium n \because people are excited, angry, or frightened 骚动；群情沸腾\besiege

\surround a place, especially with an army, to prevent

people or supplies getting in or out 围攻，围困\crew

n \group of people who work together, especially all those who

work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc.

全体工作人员；（尤指）全体船员，全体机组人员，全体乘务人员\

lair n \place where a person hides

兽穴，兽窝；（人的）藏身处，躲藏处\time-consuming

adj. 浪费时间的。of a task that takes time and patience

alternative adj. 两者择一的。serving or used in place of another congested adj. 拥挤的；堵塞的。overfull as with blood reed

n. 芦苇。tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems

especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

aquatic adj. 水生的；水中的。relating to or consisting of or being in water purify v. (使）净化。remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation

oxygen n. 氧气。a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas

disruptive adj. 破坏性的；制造混乱的。characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination sufficient

adj. 足够的；充分的。of a quantity that can fulfill a need or

requirement but without being abundant

attentive simulate

adj. 注意的。(often followed by `to') giving care or attention v. 模拟；模仿。reproduce someone's behavior or looks

adj. 根本的；重要的。serving as an essential component

fundamental

refrigerator n. 冰箱。goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures yawn v. 打呵欠。an involuntary intake of breath through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom;

contagious adj. 传染性的。easily diffused or spread as from one person to another

eliminate adj. 除去；剔除。terminate, end, or take out

susceptible adj. 易受外界影响的；易受感染的。(often followed by `of' or `to') yielding readily to or capable of essential category

adj. 必要的；重要的。absolutely necessary; vitally necessary n. 种类；类别。a collection of things sharing a common attribute

interpersonal adj. 人与人之间的；人际关系的。occurring among or involving several people

critical n. 决定性的。urgently needed; absolutely necessary

monitor n. 监视器；监听员。someone who supervises (an examination) textile n. 纺织品。artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

spider n. 蜘蛛。predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey

elasticity n. 弹力；弹性。the tendency of a body to return to its original

shape after it has been stretched or compressed replicate

vt. 复制；模拟。reproduce or make an exact copy of

memorize v. 记住；记录。commit to memory; learn by heart recite v. 背诵。repeat aloud from memory

photographic adj. 摄影的。relating to photography or obtained by using photography

atrophy n. 萎缩。a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse vicious adj. 恶毒的；恶意的。(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

confine v. 限制；禁闭。place limits on (extent or access)

Promotion n. 促销。encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

mislead v. 误导；使产生错误印象。lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions

talc n. 滑石粉。a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder

component n. 零部件；元件；组成部分。something determined in relation to something that includes it reluctant

adj. 不情愿的；勉强的。unwillingness to do something

recuperate v. （使）恢复；（使）复原。regain or make up for

hinder v. 阻碍；打扰。be a hindrance or obstacle to; salinity nitrogen

n. 盐浓度；盐分。the relative proportion of salt in a solution n. 氮。a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless

odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas

prevailing wind n \一地区常刮的风，盛行风\

perforated adj. \paper or another material is perforated, it has a series of small holes made in it, often so that it will tear easily or allow light or air to enter.

穿孔的；有孔的\evaporate

\

（尤指通过加热）（使）挥发，蒸发\

moist adj. \潮湿的；湿润的\thrive

\

茁壮成长；兴旺，繁荣\

infrared adj. \红外线的\

photosynthesis n \process by which a plant uses the energy from the light of the sun to produce its own food 光合作用\

irrigate v. \

灌溉\distill

v. to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to

a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid 蒸馏 tune

v. \

把调试到最佳运转状态\reconvene

to come together again or to bring a group of people together

again for a meeting 集会

objection n \act of expressing or feeling opposition to or dislike of something or someone 反对，不赞成；有异议\

motivate v. \使产生动机；激起\

overload n \（某物）超载；（某人）过重的负担\

exposure n \fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place 接触；面临；遭受\

perception n \how things seem 认识，观念，看法\

toddler n \young child, especially one who is learning or has recently learned to walk

（尤指处于学步期或刚学会走路的）幼童\

statue n \look like a person or animal

（尤指石头或金属的）雕像，雕塑，塑像\

extraterrestrial adj. \地球外的；天外的\

canoe n \a paddle (= a short pole with a flat blade) 独木舟，小划子，划艇\

Archaeologist n \who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past 考古学家\

botanical adj. \植物\sedimentary ice, or wind （岩石）沉积的\

fascinate v. \深深吸引；迷住\

Renaissance n \period of new growth of interest and activity in the areas of art, literature, and ideas in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries （14、15和16世纪时欧洲，尤指意大利北部的）文艺复兴，文艺复兴时期\

adj. \

typography n \design of the writing in a piece of printing or on a computer screen 排印；版式\

alphabet n \set of letters arranged in a fixed order, used for writing a language 字母表\ tray drinks 盘；碟；托盘\Illuminating

adj. \you new information about a subject or making it

n \

easier to understand 富有启发性的\

binding n \thin strip of material that can be sewn along the edges of clothes or other objects 镶边，滚边\

manuscript n \手稿；原稿\

majestic adj. \雄伟的；壮丽的；威严的\thrilling

adj. \

令人激动的；惊险的；紧张的\dam

n \

the water, especially to make a reservoir (= an artificial lake) that provides water for an area

（尤指旨在蓄水的）堤坝，水坝%urban adj. \城市的，城镇的\

plain n \平原\

famine n \people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens 饥荒；饥荒时期\erect

v. \

建立；建造\

enormous adj. \极大的；巨大的；庞大的\inscribe

\

题写；刻，雕\clay

n \heavy soil that is soft when wet, and hard when dry or

baked, used for making bricks and containers 黏土，陶土\

archive n \档案馆；档案室\

tackle v. \

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